Txoj kev uas lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm yog peb txhua tus nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau txhiab tus kab mob microscopic. Peb tsis pom lawv qhov muag liab qab, tab sis peb tau ntsib nrog lawv txhua feeb. Qee qhov "tsis pom" pab peb, lwm tus tua, thiab lwm tus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov poov xab zoo li cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Candida tsuas yog cov kab mob zoo li no uas tsis tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev ua neej nyob kaj siab lug, tab sis nyob rau qee lub sijhawm lawv pib coj cwj pwm phem, ua rau candidiasis lossis thrush. Vim hais tias cov kab mob no tsis yog ib txwm muaj teeb meem, lawv hu ua opportunistic pathogens. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 186 hom fungi los ntawm genus Candida tau raug tshawb pom, tab sis tsuas yog ob lub teb chaws yog txaus ntshai. Lawv yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
Candida fungus genus: yam ntxwv
Candida belongs rau genus ntawm poov xab. Feem ntau ntawm lawv cov tsiaj tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li, lawv nyob hauv lub cev ntawm kombucha, hauv kefir, hauv lwm cov khoom noj fermented mis nyuj, nrog rau hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv, yog ib feem ntawm microflora ntawm txoj hnyuv noj qab haus huv. Mushrooms ntawm genus Candida yog aerobes, uas yog, lawv ua lub neej nquag nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Lawv ua taumuaj nyob rau hauv ob hom - poov xab thiab micellar.
Nyob rau hauv cov poov xab yog puag ncig los yog oval blastospores thiab rov tsim dua los ntawm budding. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv micellar, fungal hlwb elongate, tig mus rau hauv pseudomycelium. Tsis zoo li qhov tseeb, tsis muaj partitions nyob rau hauv nws, tab sis muaj constrictions. Blastospores nyob rau ntawm lawv, thiab chlamydia spores nrog ob daim nyias nyias nyob ntawm qhov txuas txuas ntxiv. Hauv daim ntawv micellar, nceb tuaj yeem ua phooj ywg.
Cov nceb ntawm genus Candida txawv ntawm lwm yam dimorphic creatures nyob rau hauv lawv muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lawv tus tswv nyob rau hauv ob ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv ib zaug, thiab tsis hloov lawv nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ib puag ncig.
Ib yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm candida yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ferment m altose thiab qabzib.
kab mob Candidiasis, raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, yog tshwm sim los ntawm kwv yees li 20 hom ntawm cov fungi, thiab qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog C. Albicans (60%) thiab C. Tropicalis (20%). Lwm 18 hom kab mob tsawg dua thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm candidiasis.
piav qhia luv ntawm kab mob
Qhov pom dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov genus Candida, hu ua C. Albicans. Kwv yees li ntawm 8 tus neeg ntawm 10 tus neeg yog lawv cov neeg nqa khoom, qhov tseeb, cov kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv tus menyuam lub cev thaum yug los thiab nyob, tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, hauv txoj hlab pas thiab hauv cov hnyuv. Hauv cov poj niam, lawv kuj yog ib feem ntawm microflora ntawm qhov chaw mos. Nws yog hom kab mob candida uas feem ntau raug liam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm candidiasis.
Hom kab mob txaus ntshai thib ob hu ua C. Tropicalis. Cov fungi no muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiabnrog nws pab kom populate peripheral kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm Candida C. Tropicalis ua haujlwm nrog Serratia marcescens thiab Escherichia coli, thiab ua rau Crohn tus kab mob.
Tsis muaj ntau, tab sis suav tias yog cov kab mob fungi uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm genus Candida hom C. Krusei. Lawv tiv taus cov tshuaj Fluconazole, uas yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob fungal uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob.
Candida hom C. Glabrata fungi tau suav hais tias tsis yog kab mob. Lawv tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm poov xab thiab reproduce tsuas yog los ntawm budding. Feem ntau, Candida Glabrata pom nyob rau hauv cov zis catheters, qhov chaw uas nws tsim nyias biofilms. Cov fungus no ua rau urogenital candidiasis.
Candida C. Parapsilosis feem ntau ua rau sepsis. Nws tuaj yeem kis tau qhov txhab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lawv.
Fungi hom C. Rugosa thiab C. Lusitaniae thiab lwm tus los ntawm genus Candida yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Piv txwv li, C. Lusitaniae tau kuaj pom hauv tsuas yog 30 tus neeg mob thaum xyoo 1979 thiab 1990.
Txoj kev kis kab mob
Kho - kab mob zoo li cov kab mob fungi ntawm genus Candida hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm evolution tau tsim cov txheej txheem uas pab lawv ua tus kab mob parasitic. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus khov thiab ziab kom ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev nrog cov zaub mov tsis huv thiab ua tiav tsis txaus, nrog rau tes qias neeg thiab lwm yam khoom, piv txwv li, C. Parapsilosis fungi kis rau qhov txhab.thaum cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lawv, suav nrog cov cuab yeej kho mob uas tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab C. Glabrata fungi nrog rau cov tso zis lossis tso quav tso quav. Feem ntau, kev kis kab mob ntawm cov kab mob C. Albicans tshwm sim, thiab los ntawm thawj feeb ntawm tus menyuam lub neej. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum yug me nyuam yog leej niam lub qhov chaw mos raug colonized los ntawm cov microbes. Kuj tseem muaj qhov kev xav tias C. Albicans nkag mus rau tus menyuam lub cev txawm tias nyob rau theem ntawm lub embryo, txij li cov fungi tau rov pom dua hauv cov kua dej amniotic. Yog hais tias ib tug poj niam hauv kev ua haujlwm raug suav nrog cov feem pua me me ntawm cov neeg uas tsis yog tus nqa cov nceb, nws tus menyuam hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov pacifier, cov khoom ua si, thiab lwm yam. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai vim qhov no, txij li thaum candida, ib zaug hauv lub cev ntawm lawv tus tswv tsev, coj tus cwj pwm ntsiag to, txawm tias pab nws los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov kab mob.
Thaum tus kab mob Candida dhau los ua tus kab mob
Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem ua tus cab ntawm cov kab mob no tag nrho nws lub neej, thaum tseem noj qab nyob zoo. Cov fungi ntawm genus Candida dhau los ua cov kab mob tsuas yog thaum lawv cov kev tsim tawm tsis muaj kev tswj hwm. Yog vim li cas:
- cev xeeb tub;
- ntau yam kab mob;
- exacerbation ntawm cov kab mob ntev;
- hypo- lossis beriberi;
- kev kho mob ntev ntev;
- noj corticosteroids;
- hormonal ntshawv siab.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm candidiasis yog kev tiv thaiv qis. Tus mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau lub sijhawm, suav nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, kev ua neej nyob tsis zoo,kev ntxhov siab ntau zaus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov fungi ntawm genus Candida tshwm sim nrog cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- AIDS (los yog kab mob HIV);
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- tuberculosis;
- kab mob gastrointestinal;
- kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary;
- hypothyroidism;
- qee cov kab mob ntshav;
- vaginosis.
Pathogenicity factors
Qhov loj ntawm ib tus kab mob ntawm cov genus Candida tsuas yog 2-5 microns, yog li lawv tsuas pom tau nrog lub tshuab tsom. Cov yeeb yaj kiab dawb lossis daj-greyish uas loj hlob ntawm agar lossis cov quav hniav uas pom ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev yog tag nrho cov kab mob fungi, suav nrog ntau pua txhiab tus kab mob. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv tus tswv tsev kab mob, ua li cas fungi ntawm genus Candida coj? Cov kev tshawb fawb microbiological tau pom tias txhua tus fungus nyiam pib adhesion, uas yog, ua kom nruj, ib tus yuav hais tias, loj hlob mus rau hauv tib neeg cov hlwb epithelial. Cov kab mob no ua tiav qhov yooj yim dua, txo qis kev tiv thaiv ntawm lawv cov neeg raug tsim txom, thiab siab dua nws cov kab mob endocrine. Cov fungus nquag tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm adhesion yog C. Albicans. Ib zaug ntawm cov mucous membranes, nws adheres nyob rau hauv 100% ntawm cov neeg mob. Qhov feem ntau passive nceb ntawm C. Krusei hom. Tej zaum nws yuav tsis kho txhua, uas yog, kev kis kab mob tsis tshwm sim. Pab cov fungi kom noj cov hauv paus hniav proteins, cov proteins saum npoo thiab qee cov molecules, xws li polysaccharides thiab glycoproteins, thiab qaub ncaug molecules hauv qhov ncauj. Feem ntau, Candida yog glycogenophiles (xws li glycogen), yog li lawv feem ntau colonize cov ntaub so ntswg uas nws muaj ntau, piv txwv li, mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. NtawmQhov tshwm sim ntawm thrush, fungi ntawm genus Candida nyob rau hauv ib qho smear coj los ntawm cov kabmob no tau kuaj pom muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kuaj tau kom raug.
Thaum thawj theem ntawm adhesion, fungi yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv poov xab, tab sis sai sai rebuilt, tsim ntev filaments (hyphae), uas yooj yim dua nkag mus rau lub host cells puas, thiab tsis tshua muaj phagocytosis ntawm leukocytes.
Kho thiab siv tau, cov kab mob cab tso tawm ntau yam tshuaj lom rau hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev hauv lawv lub neej:
- candidotoxin (ib qho protein uas ua rau basophils thiab mast hlwb thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pseudo-allergic);
- 6 hom tsis muaj molecular hnyav co toxins (ua kom cov hlab ntsha permeability, txo cov ntshav siab);
- lipid toxins (ua rau cov tshuaj leukocyte hauv zos thiab ua rau pom cov ntaub so ntswg granulation).
Candidiasis hauv menyuam yaus
Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, cov me nyuam mos kis tus kab mob candida hauv plab los yog thaum yug los thaum lub sij hawm kis ntawm tus kwj dej yug. Yav tom ntej, cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tus menyuam lub qhov ncauj nrog lub txiv mis ua haujlwm tsis zoo, rattles, los ntawm lub txiv mis ntawm leej niam muaj mob. Cov tsos mob uas tus me nyuam tau cog lus thrush yog raws li nram no:
- dawb, zoo li curd-plaque ntawm tus nplaig, ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov pos hniav thiab ob sab plhu;
- kev hlub;
- tsis kam noj.
Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob, cov fungus tseem nyob thiab sai sai tshwm rau ntawm tus menyuam daim di ncauj.
nceb ntawm genus Candida hauv cov hnyuv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm dysbacteriosis, xws linyiam:
- mob plab;
- lethargy;
- kub;
- poob phaus.
Mob plab hauv cov menyuam mos yog qhov txaus ntshai vim nws ua rau lub cev qhuav dej sai, yog li tus menyuam muaj mob yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob. Tsuas yog nyob hauv tsev kho mob thiaj li tau txais kev kho mob uas tsim nyog (tej dej) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej.
Ntxiv rau txoj hnyuv thiab lub qhov ncauj, thrush hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis yog dawb, tab sis liab me ntsis tshwm, zoo ib yam li cov pob tw. Tus me nyuam ua heev capricious, raws li ib tug kov ntawm yaig ua rau nws raug kev txom nyem. Feem ntau, daim tawv nqaij candidiasis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos tshwm nyob rau hauv lub folds ntawm ob txhais ceg, lub pob tw thiab nyob rau hauv lub puab tais. Qhov no yog ua ntej los ntawm daim ntaub qhwv, nyob rau hauv daim ntaub ntev ntev, kev tu cev tsis zoo thiab tsis tsim nyog (synthetic, nruj heev) khaub ncaws.
Kev kho mob ntawm menyuam yaus candidiasis
Yog tias cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Candida tau pib ua cov txheej txheem pathogenic hauv tus menyuam lub qhov ncauj, kev kho mob feem ntau yog ua hauv zos. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw uas pom cov quav hniav dawb, nrog rau kev npaj tshwj xeeb. Yav dhau los, cov kws kho mob ntaus nqi rau lubricating tus menyuam lub qhov ncauj nrog ci ntsuab. Cov tshuaj no pab tau zoo, tab sis dries lub mucous daim nyias nyias. Tam sim no lawv siv "Akriderm", "Fukortsin", kev daws teeb meem ntawm borax hauv glycerin.
Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau boil lub txiv mis thiab lub raj mis hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam lub neej, ntxuav rattles. Niam yuav tsum kho cov txiv mis nrog tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej pub mis.
Nrog cov tsos mob ntawm dysbacteriosis, tus me nyuam cov quav raug xa mus rau bakposev. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov fungi ntawm genus Candida nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 lub hlis tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau tsis tshaj 103 CFU / g, thiab laus dua 12 lub hlis hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 104 CFU / g. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tau dhau lawm, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg uas kho cov microflora thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev.
Nrog candidiasis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov chaw cuam tshuam yog lubricated nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob - nystatin, levorin. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau da dej tus me nyuam nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm ib tug decoction ntawm txoj hlua, calendula, chamomile rau dej. Tag nrho cov ris tsho hauv qab thiab cov pawm yuav tsum tau ironed, thiab cov pawm yuav tsum tau hloov ntau zaus yam tsis tau tos kom puv tag.
Yog tias cov kev kho mob saum toj no tsis pab, tus menyuam yuav raug tshuaj xyuas ntxiv thiab muab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Candidiasis hauv poj niam thiab txiv neej
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, Candida fungi tuaj yeem, zoo li hauv menyuam yaus, kis tau rau lub qhov ncauj, tawv nqaij, thiab hnyuv. Candidiasis nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj yog manifested los ntawm ib tug curdled txheej uas captures tus nplaig, pos hniav, palate, puab sab ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab yog nrog los ntawm kev hnov mob. Qee zaum mucous membranes ulcerate. Candidiasis nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov pob liab liab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov fungus qhia (nyob rau hauv lub armpits, nyob rau hauv lub ob lub mis nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, nyob rau hauv puab puab tais, tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv caug). Cov pob no khaus thiab flake, thiab ulcerate thaum khawb.
Tab sis feem ntau cov neeg laus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm candidiasis ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary. Hauv cov poj niam, fungi nyob hauv qhov chaw mos thiab ntawm qhov chaw mos, yog li tus kab mob hu ua vulvovaginitis. Hauv cov theem pib, nws cov tsos mob yog raws li nram no:
- dawb (xws li mis nyuj qaub) qhov chaw mos tawm;
- khaus, tsis dhau, tab sis,ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau hnyav dua tom qab ntxuav thiab thaum sawv ntxov;
- tsis hnov tsw ntawm ris tsho hauv qab;
- mob thaum sib deev.
Cov tsos mob qhia tshaj plaws yog Candida hauv qhov chaw mos.
Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob, cov tsos mob hnyav dua. Muaj mob tsis yog thaum sib deev xwb, tab sis kuj nrog rau txhua qhov tso zis, qhov chaw mos mucosa swells, ulcerates, tawm los ua thicker.
Hauv cov txiv neej, kab mob Candida hu ua balanoposthitis. Cov tsos mob:
- curdled tawm ntawm noov;
- khaus, mob thaum tso zis;
- mob sib deev.
Ntxiv rau cov kab mob genitourinary, Candida fungi parasitize ntawm cov kab mob sab nraud ntawm tib neeg. Kab mob ntawm cov rau tes yog hu ua "onychia", thiab tus kab mob ntawm tus ntsia thawv quav hu ua "paronychia". Qhov ua rau ntawm cov kab mob no tuaj yeem yog barbs, manicure nrog cov cuab yeej muaj kab mob.
Kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Candida
Lub xub ntiag ntawm candidiasis yog txiav txim los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no:
- smear ntawm qhov ncauj lossis qhov chaw mos;
- tseb;
- ELISA;
- PCR.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaj tso zis thiab kuaj ntshav.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav smear los ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab / lossis tso zis, nws tsis tso cai kom ntxuav ua ntej no, thiab koj tuaj yeem tso zis tsuas yog 2 teev ua ntej noj smear, tsis muaj tom qab. Yog hais tias lub swab yog npaj kom tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj, nws yog txwv tsis pub txhuam koj cov hniav ua ntej no.
Rau cov noob siv quav, hnoos qeev, tso zis, scrapings los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias. Peb hnub tom qab lawv tau txais lus teb,Txawm hais tias cov khoom muaj cov fungi ntawm genus Candida. Cov qauv yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Yog tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom tau tias muaj cov kab mob fungal, txiav txim siab nws hom thiab rhiab heev rau cov tshuaj.
ELISA tsom xam yog hu ua enzyme immunoassay. Nws pab txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov fungus thiab taug qab cov dynamics ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb rau ELISA yog ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog nqa tawm ua ke nrog cov kab mob noob qoob loo.
Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog kev tshuaj xyuas PCR, uas txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymer saw ntawm fungal DNA molecules. Nws txiav txim siab qhov muaj tus kab mob txawm tias nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob. Cov khoom siv rau PCR yog hnoos qeev, zais zis, ntshav.
Kev kho mob
Yog tias pom cov kab mob Candida hauv tus neeg mob, kev kho mob yog nqa nrog tshuaj. Hauv lawv sau tawm:
- Fluconazole.
- Nizoral.
- Diflucan.
Tshuaj pleev yog siv sab nraud:
- "Clotrimazole"
- "Sertocanazole".
- Miconazole.
- Suppositories nrog pumafitsin thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm fungus. Cov tshuaj pleev tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj yuav raug sau tseg.
Kev kho cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev siv sab nraud xwb. Tsuas yog qee kis yog Pumafitsin tswj qhov ncauj.
urinary tract candidiasis yog kho nrog ob leeg sib deev.
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov vitamins thiab lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
