Polio: kuaj mob, kho thiab tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Polio: kuaj mob, kho thiab tiv thaiv
Polio: kuaj mob, kho thiab tiv thaiv

Video: Polio: kuaj mob, kho thiab tiv thaiv

Video: Polio: kuaj mob, kho thiab tiv thaiv
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Anonim

Polio yog ib yam kab mob hnyav uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tus txha caj qaum lossis lub hlwb. Cov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm kev txhim kho tus kab mob no hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos yog atrophy, nrog rau cov leeg nqaij tuag tes tuag taw. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog kev kis kab mob, chaw kho mob, kuaj mob thiab tiv thaiv kab mob poliomyelitis. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kev paub no yuav pab tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm tus kab mob. Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog tus kab mob poliovirus, uas yog ib feem ntawm pab pawg neeg enteroviruses.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev tiv thaiv, kev kho mob, kev kuaj mob thiab chaw kho mob polio, saib peb tsab xov xwm.

Laboratory kuaj mob ntawm poliomyelitis
Laboratory kuaj mob ntawm poliomyelitis

Cov lus qhia dav dav txog tus kabmob

Polio mob nyob rau hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab tim lyiv teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov pharaohs. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov pom qhov seem ntawm cov neeg uas muaj limb deformities yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob.

Txawm tias thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, polio yog ib qho kev mob tshwm sim tiag tiag uas cuam tshuam ntau txhiab tus menyuam thoob ntiaj teb.lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim, suav nrog Russia, poliomyelitis tau sau npe nyob rau hauv cov kab mob sib cais, tab sis nws tseem ntxov dhau los tsis suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej.

Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob polio, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoos. Ntawm cov pej xeem laus, tus kab mob xyaum tsis tshwm sim los yog asymptomatic. Cov neeg uas tau zoo rov qab muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog, koj tuaj yeem mob polio ib zaug xwb.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 hlis kuj tsis muaj mob, vim lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau txais los ntawm lawv niam.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj kis tau

Tus kab mob polio nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm qhov ncauj-fecal lossis hauv huab cua. Koj tuaj yeem ntes tau los ntawm ib tus neeg uas twb mob lawm, yog tias nws muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob khaub thuas (hnoos, txham), los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog nws, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev hnia, thaum siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tais diav, phuam da dej, khoom ua si (siv rau me nyuam) nrog tus cab tus kab mob.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev fecal-qhov ncauj ntawm tus kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev kis kab mob los ntawm txhais tes qias neeg, noj cov kab mob thiab cov zaub mov tsis huv. Cov yoov feem ntau yog kis kab mob. Yog vim li ntawd thiaj li muaj kev sib kis ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Poliovirus nyuaj heev. Hauv cov quav, nws kav ntev txog 6 lub hlis, thiab ntawm cov khoom - txog li 3 lub hlis. Nws tsis ntshai Frost, nws tsis puas los ntawm gastric kua txiv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum boiled, nws tuag yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Nws kuj raug tua los ntawm kev kho cov khoom nrog cov tshuaj chlorine (txawm tias tsawg heevkom muaj nuj nqis). Tus kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem nyob qhov kub siab tshaj 50 degrees Celsius.

Symptomatics

Ib zaug nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, cov kab mob pib ntau nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, tonsils los yog nyob rau hauv lub lymphatic pharyngeal nplhaib. Lub sij hawm incubation yuav kav li ntawm 3 mus rau 35 hnub, tab sis feem ntau nws yuav siv sij hawm 9-11 hnub. Cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab nrog nws tam sim no mus rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Hauv cov xwm txheej asymptomatic, tus kab mob tsuas tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus neeg mob.

Polio tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom:

  • Bulbarnaya.
  • Spinal.
  • Pontine.
  • Mixed.

Txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob yuav ntsib:

  • Fever.
  • Kev quav quav.
  • Rash.
  • Catarrhal phenomena.
  • HELL jumps.
  • Kev qaug zog, mob leeg.
  • Usinary disorder.
  • Cyanosis.
  • ua tsis taus pa thiab chob.
  • Swallowing disorder.
  • Pareses.
  • Paralysis.

Thaum hu rau lub tsev kho mob, tus neeg mob tau muab:

  • History take and general test of me.
  • Kev sau cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tus mob polio.
  • Ntseev cov mucus hauv quav thiab nasopharynx.
  • Kawm txog biomaterial siv RSC thiab ELISA txoj kev.
  • Electromyography.
  • Ua lub lumbar puncture, kuaj xyuas cov kua cerebrospinal.
Kev kho mob Poliomyelitis Clinic diagnosticstiv thaiv
Kev kho mob Poliomyelitis Clinic diagnosticstiv thaiv

Txoj kev txiav txim siab tus kab mob

Kev kuaj mob thaum kawg tau ua tiav tom qab tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob poliomyelitis, uas yog, kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob thiab serological, tau txais cov ntsuas electromyography, uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab theem ntawm qhov mob hnyav, qhov chaw ntawm pathological. txheej txheem.

Ntshav, kua cerebrospinal, nrog rau cov swabs los ntawm sab hauv ntawm nasopharynx thiab quav yog cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev kawm tau zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws rau qhov pib ntawm tus kabmob.

Kev kuaj mob poliomyelitis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cais tus kab mob. Kev kuaj mob serodiagnosis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau hais tawm tsam tus kab mob tsim tawm ntawm tus kab mob no, thiab kev siv los txiav txim siab RSK ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov nce hauv titer.

Kev kuaj mob polio tuaj yeem nyuaj hauv daim ntawv visceral thiab meningeal. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob me ntawm lub cev muaj zog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas thiab saib xyuas txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm cov leeg nqaij tsis muaj zog, nrog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Kev kuaj mob Poliomyelitis Clinic
Kev kuaj mob Poliomyelitis Clinic

Differential diagnosis of poliomyelitis

Thaum pib ntawm qhov pib tshwm sim ntawm tus mob polio, nws nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tonsillitis thiab SARS, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus muaj cov tsos mob dyspeptic ntawm dysentery thiab gastroenterocolitis.

Nws kuj nyuaj rau kev sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kab mob zoo li polio,uas tuaj yeem ua rau coxsackieviruses thiab ECHO. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas ntawm serological thiab virological kev tshawb fawb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qee yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob: qhov xwm txheej ntawm paresis, kub taub hau, thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. ntawm cerebrospinal kua, uas tshwm sim nrog poliomyelitis thiab nws cov teeb meem. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, PCR yog siv los kuaj mob polio.

Daim ntawv meningeal yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm serous meningitis, tuberculous, thiab mumps etiology. Hauv qhov no, lub caij nyoog, keeb kwm kev kis kab mob, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Mumps meningitis muaj cov lus qhia ntau dua pleocytosis, uas yuav luag txhua txhua kis tau pib maj mam, qhov kub thiab txias nce ntxiv, nrog rau qhov muaj me me ntawm fibrin zaj duab xis hauv cov kua cerebrospinal, Cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg ntawm cov suab thaj

Cov tsos mob ntawm enteroviral meningitis yog herpetic eruptions. Cov pontine ntau yam ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem muab piv nrog kev txhim kho ntawm neuritis ntawm lub ntsej muag paj hlwb. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nws yog feem ntau nrog lacrimation, impaired rhiab heev, thiab mob. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo.

Thaum tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom muaj kab mob poliomyelitis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog cov kab mob encephalitis, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej li mob hlwb, convulsions, tsis nco qab.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob poliomyelitis yog xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau paub meej qhov ua raukev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm chav kho mob, cov lus qhia ntawm electromyographic thiab kev kuaj sim, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv endemiological yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Kev kho mob UHF
Kev kho mob UHF

Kev kho mob

Kev kho tus kab mob no yog ua tom qab kuaj pom zoo. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

  • Yuav tsum pw hauv tsev kho mob, pw so.
  • Kev kho tshuaj zoo thiab tsim nyog.
  • Kev kho lub cev.

Ib tug menyuam uas muaj tus mob polio yuav tsum raug coj mus rau tsev kho mob sai li sai tau rau kev kho mob hauv tsev. Yog tias tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tus mob poliovirus, lawv muab tso rau hauv lub thawv kaw rau lub sijhawm 40 hnub. Qhov no yog ua los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob ntxiv.

Kev pw tsaug zog yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm deformities thiab contractures ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab, yog li tus neeg mob lub zog yuav tsum tau txwv rau 2 lub lis piam lossis ntau dua.

Thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj, nws raug nquahu kom immobilize cov chaw uas siv cov splints. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muab qhwv zoo nrog daim pam lossis phuam qhwv caj dab. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub txaj tawv.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, tseem tsis tau muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas yuav ua rau nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txhim kho tus kab mob polio. Tus neeg mob feem ntau yog cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, uas pab txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom lub cev muaj peev xwm ua tiav thiab kov yeej tus kab mob polio sai sai.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, gamma globulin yog muab tshuaj intramuscularly rau tus neeg mob,koob tshuaj uas yog ntau tshaj 20 ml ib hnub twg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 3-5 txhaj tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj hwm cov tshuaj Interferon, ua cov tshuaj hemotherapy - intramuscularly tus me nyuam raug txhaj nrog 5-30 ml ntawm cov ntshav venous ntawm ib tus niam txiv, 10-20 txhaj tshuaj. Cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub cev yog muab los ntawm cov neeg laus uas tau ntsib nrog cov neeg mob, nrog rau cov neeg uas tau zoo los ntawm tus mob polio.

Nyob hauv tus kab mob no, tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog muab rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev kis tus kab mob thib ob txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws thiab kab mob. Nrog rau tus kab mob kis, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsis muaj qhov xav tau.

Kev kuaj mob Poliomyelitis PCR
Kev kuaj mob Poliomyelitis PCR

YAnti-inflammatory therapy

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory ntawm tus txha caj qaum thiab lub hlwb, cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv lub cev qhuav dej, uas lawv siv cov tshuaj saluretics - Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide thiab Furosemide. Txhawm rau txo tus neeg mob kom sai li sai tau thiab ua kom cov hnoos qeev nyias nyias, yog tias tsis muaj kev ua pa tsis zoo, kev siv ribonuclease raug tso cai. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal yog tshuaj, xws li Afida, Nurofen thiab Nimesil.

kho mob

Txhawm rau ua kom tus neeg mob tus mob zoo li qub, nrog rau kev tswj hwm lub cev, cov vitamins B1 (thiamine chloride), ascorbic acid, amino acids, vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) thiab B6 (pyridoxine) yog siv rau ntawm cov tshuaj. thawj hnub. Yog tias muaj teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cevua pa, siv tshuab ua pa yog qhia.

Thaum tus tuag tes tuag taw tshiab, cov tshuaj anticholinesterase tau siv los ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab myoneural - Dibazol, Prozerin thiab Nivalin.

txhawm rau txo qhov mob hauv cov leeg nqaij, siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Txhawm rau kom tus me nyuam tsis xis nyob, kev siv cov tshuaj sedatives xws li Valerian, Persen, Tenoten thiab Diazepam tau qhia. Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj teeb meem nqos tau, lawv tuaj yeem pub siv lub raj nasogastric.

Kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob Poliomyelitis
Kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob Poliomyelitis

Lub sijhawm rov qab los

Thawj 3 lub lis piam ntawm lub sijhawm rov qab los rau tus menyuam feem ntau yog muab:

  • Vitamins, tshwj xeeb yog pab pawg B.
  • Nootropics Piracetam, Bifren, Glycine, Cavinton.
  • tshuaj Anticholinesterase Prozerin thiab Nivalin.
  • Anabolic-hom tshuaj hormones.

Kev kho lub cev

Cov hau kev no tso cai rau koj kom rov ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab pab txhawb kom rov zoo sai ntawm cov tshuab sab hauv, paj hlwb, thiab cov leeg. Rau kev kho mob poliomyelitis thiab kev kho mob ntxiv, tus neeg mob raug pom zoo kom ua cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  • Paraffin therapy.
  • Electromyostimulation.
  • UHF txoj kev kho.
  • Kev kho mob qoj ib ce thiab orthopedic massage.

Cov hau kev saum toj no pab kho cov leeg nqaij thiab txav ntawm tus neeg mob caj dab. Rau tus neeg muaj tus mob polioRehabilitation ua nyob rau hauv ib tug sanatorium los yog resort yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Kev saib xyuas zoo yog them rau kev saib xyuas ntawm tib neeg ceg ceg, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lossis deformed. Cov kev txav yuav tsum qeeb thiab ceev faj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias tus neeg muaj qhov tseeb ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, caj npab thiab txhais ceg.

Tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau ntawm lub txaj nyuaj, ob txhais ceg tau muab tso rau tib lub cev, lawv yuav tsum tau khoov me ntsis ntawm lub duav thiab lub hauv caug pob qij txha siv cov menyuam tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab ib leeg rau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, koj yuav tsum tso lub hauv ncoo ntom ntom, cov taw yuav tsum nyob ntawm txoj cai kaum rau lub shins. Ob txhais tes yuav tsum tau coj mus rau sab, thiab khoov ntawm lub luj tshib.

Poliomyelitis epidemiology tsev kho mob kuaj kev tiv thaiv
Poliomyelitis epidemiology tsev kho mob kuaj kev tiv thaiv

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Yuav kom zam kev kuaj mob thiab kho tus mob polio, kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tau. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

  • Txoj kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Muaj tshuaj tua kab mob kom zoo qhov twg tau pom muaj kab mob.
  • Ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev tu tus kheej.
  • Ua zaub mov ua ntej ua noj thiab noj.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio niaj hnub suav hais tias yog qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv tus kabmob no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm hais tias ib tus neeg mob poliomyelitis tom qab qee lub sijhawm, uas tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, cov kab mob no tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem txaus ntshai thiab kis mus rau qhov mob me.form.

In 2018, 3 hom tshuaj tau siv:

  1. Koprowski tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog lub ntiaj teb thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio, uas tau siv zoo txij li xyoo 1950. Cov tshuaj no yog siv tawm tsam polioviruses PV1 thiab PV3 hom.
  2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Salk (IPV, IPV) tso cai rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau peb hom kab mob poliovirus. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov xav tau, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv Salk yuav tsum tau muab 3 zaug raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
  3. Sabin Vaccine (OPV) yog hom kev kho qhov ncauj rau tus mob polio. Nws muab rau tus menyuam hauv qhov ncauj ntawm ib qho me me ntawm qab zib, 2 tee txhua.

Hauv menyuam yaus, kev tiv thaiv kab mob polio no yog tsim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos. Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv OPV yuav tsum tau muab peb zaug.

Hauv qhov xwm txheej tsawg heev, tus kab mob tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib txwm muaj, ua rau tuag tes tuag taw polio. Raws li qhov no, ntau lub tebchaws tau pib siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tiv thaiv Salk.

Tseem lwm hom tshuaj polio tau siv hauv ntiaj teb:

  • Chumakov's tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • "Tetracoccus" yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke uas tiv thaiv menyuam yaus los ntawm polio, tetanus, diphtheria thiab hnoos hawb pob tib lub sijhawm.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis siv neeg siv muaj tus kab mob ntawm tus kab mob no, uas yav tas los tua los ntawm formalin. Nws yog siv peb zaug, uas tso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb humoral. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia muaj tus kab mob attenuated uasyog muab los hais lus. Nws txhawb nqa kev lom zem thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tiv thaiv ntawm tus menyuam lub cev.

Zoo kawg

Polio yog ib yam kab mob loj heev uas yuav tsum tau kho mob sai. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam kom ntau li ntau tau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm thiab rov txhaj tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj zoo thiab zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib npaug kom paub txog kev kho mob, kev tiv thaiv, chaw kho mob thiab kev kuaj mob poliomyelitis. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tiv thaiv koj ntawm tus kab mob. Poliomyelitis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv pathological hauv cov ceg, thiab yog tias qhov chaw ua pa cuam tshuam, kev ua pa tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Pom zoo: