Cov hlab ntsha carotid yog ib khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas muab ntshav rau tag nrho cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub taub hau thiab caj dab, feem ntau ntawm lub hlwb thiab qhov muag. Tab sis peb paub dab tsi txog nws? Tej zaum, tsuas yog qhov kev xav los rau hauv siab tias los ntawm nias nrog koj cov ntiv tes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws nyob (ntawm caj pas, ntawm lub trachea), koj tuaj yeem hnov mem tes yooj yim.
qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid
Cov hlab ntsha carotid uas muaj ntau (tus lej "3" hauv daim duab) tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam hauv siab thiab muaj ob txoj hlab ntsha - sab xis thiab sab laug. Nws nce raws lub trachea thiab txoj hlab pas raws cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm lub caj dab ntawm lub caj dab ze rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Cov kab mob carotid txoj cai muaj qhov ntev ntawm 6 mus rau 12 centimeters thiab pib los ntawm lub cev ntawm brachiocephalic, thiab xaus nrog kev faib nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm ntug sab sauv ntawm cov thyroid pob txha.
Cov hlab ntsha sab laug uas muaj carotid yog ob peb centimeters ntev dua li ntawm sab xis (nws qhov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 16 centimeters), txij li nws pib qis dua - los ntawm aortic arch.
Cov hlab ntsha carotid(nws sab laug thiab sab xis) los ntawm lub hauv siab cheeb tsam nce raws cov nqaij ntshiv npog lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae vertically upwards. Lub raj ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab trachea khiav hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab xis thiab sab laug. Sab nraud ntawm nws, ze rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caj dab, yog tib co jugular leeg. Nws cov ntshav ntws mus rau hauv lub plawv cov leeg. Thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid thiab cov hlab ntsha jugular yog cov hlab ntsha vagus. Ua ke lawv tsim lub ncauj tsev menyuam cov kab mob neurovascular.
Bifurcation ntawm cov leeg carotid artery
Saum toj no, nyob ze ntawm ntug ntawm cov thyroid pob txha mos, cov hlab ntsha carotid faib rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud / sab nraud (cim nrog tus lej 1 thiab 2 hauv thawj daim duab). Ntawm qhov chaw bifurcation, qhov twg cov kab mob carotid artery feem ntau ua rau ob txoj hauv kev, muaj qhov txuas ntxiv hu ua carotid sinus thiab carotid glomus, ib qho me me uas nyob ib sab ntawm qhov sinus. Qhov no reflexogenic cheeb tsam yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov ntshav siab (nws stability), lub plawv cov leeg thiab cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav.
Cov hlab ntsha sab nraud faib ua ntau pawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj thiab muab cov ntshav mus rau cov qog ntshav thiab cov thyroid caj pas, cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tus nplaig, thaj chaw occipital thiab parotid, thaj tsam ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub cev. Nws suav nrog:
- external thyroid;
- nce pharyngeal;
- language;
- pem hauv ntej;
- occipital;
- posterior auricular artery.
Cov hlab ntsha sab hauv carotid faib ua tsib lub nkoj ntxiv thiab thauj cov ntshav mus rau thaj tsam qhov muag.txiv apples, lub anterior thiab posterior qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb, tus txha caj qaum nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae. Muaj xya ntu:
- Kev sib txuas.
- Ocular.
- Stony.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Cavernous.
- Patch Qhov Segment.
Kev ntsuas ntshav carotid
txhawm rau ntsuas cov ntshav ntws, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau txoj kev tshawb fawb hu ua duplex scanning ntawm brachiocephalic hlab ntsha (BCA ultrasound). Brachiocephalic (lub ntsiab) cov hlab ntsha yog hu ua cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws thiab cov hlab ntsha ntawm tib neeg lub cev - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb, cov ntaub so ntswg lub taub hau thiab sab sauv.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm BCA ultrasound qhia:
- dav ntawm lub nkoj lumen;
- muaj/tsis muaj plaques, detachments, ntshav txhaws ntawm phab ntsa;
- dilation/stenosis ntawm phab ntsa hlab ntsha;
- muaj deformities, ruptures, aneurysms.
Tus nqi ntawm cov ntshav ntws rau lub hlwb yog 55 ml / 100 g ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws yog qib no ntawm kev taug kev raws cov hlab ntsha carotid uas lav cov ntshav zoo rau lub hlwb thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov nqaim ntawm lumen, plaques, thiab deformities ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid.
YCarotid thrombosis
Thaum cov hlab ntsha sab hauv / feem ntau / sab nraud carotid hlab ntsha tau thaiv (cov ntshav txhaws hauv lumen ntawm lub nkoj), muaj mob stroke tshwm sim, thiab qee zaum txawm tias tuag sai. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws yog atherosclerosis, uas ua rau muaj cov quav hniav. Lwm yam ua rau cov quav hniav muaj xws li:
- muaj cov kab mob xws li fibromuscular dysplasia, moyamoya, Horton, Takayasu kab mob;
- mob hlwb raug mob nrog hematoma hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov hlab ntsha;
- yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
- smoking;
- mob ntshav qab zib;
- obesity.
plaque tsos mob
Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov hlab ntsha carotid uas muaj qhov nqaim ntawm lub lumens thiab tsim cov plaques, yuav tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhua txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov cim qhia uas tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas lawv qhov muaj.
- mob caj dab;
- mob hnyav paroxysmal taub hau;
- tsis nco qab, fainting;
- qhov muag tsis pom ntawm ib qho lossis ob lub qhov muag;
- qhov muag tsis pom kev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm;
- cataract;
- muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tinnitus (suab lossis qw);
- tuag tes taw taw thiab taw;
- kev taug kev tsis zoo;
- pom meej qeeb, lethargy;
- tsis muaj zog zom mov;
- hloov xim ntawm retina;
- txhawj xeeb;
- kev xav, kev xav, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nco qab;
- kev hais lus tsis meej thiab ntau dua.
Kev ua kom tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb vim kev cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov ntshav thiab lub plawv nres (yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho ntawm lub nkoj) tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub neej txhua lub sijhawm.
Kev kho cov hlab ntsha carotid thaiv
Ua ntej sau tshuaj kho mob, kev tshuaj xyuas yog ua, uas tso cai rau koj kom paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob, txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyob.cuam tshuam cov hlab ntsha:
- YDoppler ultrasound.
- Rheoencephalography (REG) - tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog elasticity thiab lub suab ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub taub hau.
- Electroencephalography (EEG) - kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub hlwb ua haujlwm.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - muab cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm lub xeev ntawm medulla, cov hlab ntsha thiab lub paj hlwb.
- Computed tomography (CT) yog kev kawm x-ray ntawm lub hlwb.
Tom qab qhia meej qhov kev kuaj mob, nyob ntawm qhov degree thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob, kev kho mob raug sau tseg:
- Nco ntsoov. Kev kho mob prophylactic nrog qee yam tshuaj (anticoagulants thiab thrombolytics) rau ob peb lub hlis lossis xyoo, nrog kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho.
- Kev phais / kev kho mob neurosurgical (rau ntau yam thrombi, kev pheej hmoo ntawm thromboembolism):
- Novocaine thaiv.
- Tsim ib txoj kab hla kom cov ntshav ntws mus rau qhov chaw thaiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid.
- Hloov ib feem ntawm lub nkoj puas nrog cov hlab ntsha prostheses.
