Vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus: hemorrhagic, tsis haum. Ua rau, tsos mob, duab, kho, kev kwv yees

Cov txheej txheem:

Vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus: hemorrhagic, tsis haum. Ua rau, tsos mob, duab, kho, kev kwv yees
Vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus: hemorrhagic, tsis haum. Ua rau, tsos mob, duab, kho, kev kwv yees

Video: Vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus: hemorrhagic, tsis haum. Ua rau, tsos mob, duab, kho, kev kwv yees

Video: Vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus: hemorrhagic, tsis haum. Ua rau, tsos mob, duab, kho, kev kwv yees
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Vasculitis yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob pathological. Lawv koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj - cov txheej txheem inflammatory nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua rau lawv puas tsuaj thiab maj mam puas. Ob leeg cov hlab ntsha loj thiab cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov hlab ntsha me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Kev loj hlob zuj zus, tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj haujlwm ib txwm muaj thiab ua rau tag nrho cov kab mob ua rau tsis zoo.

Pathology cuam tshuam rau txiv neej thiab poj niam ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai yog cov mob thaum vasculitis tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam. Ib tug hluas tsis muaj kab mob tsis muaj peev xwm tiv tau tus kab mob ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev kho mob sai sai tuaj yeem pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.

vasculitis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam
vasculitis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam

Variations of vasculitis

Vasculitis tau muab faib raws li tus lej ntawm cov yam ntxwv: hom thiab qib kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha (cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha, capillaries), qhov chaw ntawm kev tsom xam, nws qhov loj me, thiab lwm yam. ntxiv rau,nws raug tshuaj xyuas ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, ob pawg loj ntawm vasculitis yuav tsum paub qhov txawv:

  • systemic - ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob vim kev cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov ntshav;
  • daim tawv nqaij - tshwm sim raws li cov pob liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Tsis tas li, rau qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim, vasculitis tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

  • primary - tshwm sim raws li tus kab mob ywj pheej vim tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • secondary - tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lwm yam kab mob (kis, kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam).

Vasculitis hauv tus menyuam yaus thiab tus neeg laus raug muab faib rau ib leeg.

Kev phom sij ntawm vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus yog dab tsi?

Yog tias tus menyuam muaj mob vasculitis, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nws cov chav kawm dav dav nce ntxiv, uas yog, kis thoob plaws lub cev. Cov menyuam yaus lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tus kab mob no nce nrawm. Yog li ntawd, qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv mob hnyav. Thiab tom qab rov qab los, qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev rov qab los nce ntxiv.

Ua npaws, ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo, tsis qab los noj mov, ua pob liab liab uas ua rau tsis xis nyob thiab khaus yog cov cim qhia tias vasculitis hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem lees paub (duab hauv qab no).

hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv kev kho menyuam yaus
hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv kev kho menyuam yaus

Qhov xwm txheej yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus menyuam pib txhuam cov teeb meem, uas ua rau tawv nqaij, ua rau muaj qhov caws pliav. Los ntawm qhov txhab, ib qho kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, qhov no ntxiv ua rau tus mob thiabslows txoj kev kho.

Yog tias muaj teeb meem, ib qho vasculitis tuaj yeem ntws mus rau lwm yam mob hnyav dua. Tom qab ntawd tsis tsuas yog cov hlab ntsha ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug cuam tshuam, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov hlab ntsha loj thiab me thiab cov hlab ntsha ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom nruab nrog cev. Cov leeg thiab pob qij txha uas tsis tau txais kev noj zaub mov txaus thiab cov ntshav txaus maj mam atrophy thiab poob lawv txoj kev mus. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no ua rau vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus. Kev kho mob thiab kev pab tsim nyog yuav tsum tau raws sijhawm.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus

Hemorrhagic vasculitis tseem hu ua Henoch-Schonlein kab mob. Ib tug kab mob zoo heev rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4 txog 7 xyoos, tab sis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam mos. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsos yog hloov cov kab mob sib kis (viral, bacterial), parasitic invasions, ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua xua zaub mov.

Thawj qhov pov thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog cov pob liab liab ntawm cov tawv nqaij sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Feem ntau nws yog localized nyob rau hauv qis extremities, nyob ze ntawm cov pob qij txha, folds. Tsis tshua muaj pob khaus tshwm sim ntawm lwm qhov ntawm lub cev - xib teg, taw, caj dab, ntsej muag. Nyob rau theem no, qhov txhab kis mus rau cov hlab ntsha me ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no yog lub cim tseem ceeb uas tau txiav txim siab hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv cov menyuam yaus.

allergic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
allergic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Cov tsos mob tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob yuav tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog daim tawv nqaij ua pob liab liab lossis tom qab nws theem. Qhov no yog ib qho mob ntawm cov pob qij txha, manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm mob, o, o. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kab mob hauv lub plab zom mov hauv cov txheej txheem pathological, uas yog nrog.hnyav hauv plab, colic, xeev siab, ntuav.

Thaum xyoo 1 lossis xyoo 2 ntawm lub neej, kev loj hlob ntawm daim ntawv fulminant yog ua tau, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv cov menyuam yaus. Qhov ua rau tshwm sim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob hu ua me nyuam yaus - liab liab kub taub hau, kab mob qhua pias, rubella, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob zoo li no ib txwm mob hnyav, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tshwm sim ntau dhau ntawm tag nrho cov tsos mob thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus menyuam lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Clinical Forms

Rau kev yooj yim hauv kev kho mob, hemorrhagic vasculitis feem ntau muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

  • Ib yam yooj yim. Lub npe hu ua cutaneous purpura. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug reddish pob liab vog - qhov no yog lub feem ntau yooj yim diagnostic kos npe rau thiab cov tsos mob. Feem ntau feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qis qis, tsis tshua muaj siab dua.
  • Daim tawv nqaij-articular purpura. Ib hom mob hnyav dua. Ntxiv nrog rau cov pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob qij txha tshwm sim. Qhov no yog nrog los ntawm qhov mob thiab o. Cov pob qij txha hauv caug tshwj xeeb yog cuam tshuam, tsis tshua muaj lub luj tshib thiab pob qij txha.
  • plab purpura (syndrome). Nrog rau qhov mob thiab mob hauv plab, ntuav, xeev siab. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tsuas yog cov tsos mob no, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los kuaj xyuas hemorrhagic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob yog kev puas tsuaj rau cov plab hnyuv siab raum, uas yog lub plab zom mov.
  • Nyob rau hauv lub siab. Feem ntau tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm yam cim ntawm tus kab mob.
  • cov ntawv sib xyaw. Ua ke 3 yam ntxwv tib lub sijhawm lossis tag nrho.
  • Cov ntawv tsis tshua muaj. Qhia nyob rau hauv lub defeat ntawm lub ntsws, lub paj hlwb, qhov chaw mos ntawm lub cev. Ntsib hauvcais tawm.

Kev tshwm sim

Hemorrhagic vasculitis yog cais ua tus kab mob immunocomplex. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob koom nrog hauv nws qhov tshwm sim thiab chav kawm - antigen-antibody compounds (AG - AT) ncig hauv cov ntshav.

vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Lawv cov tsos yog suav tias yog cov lus teb rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws lossis cov kab mob pathogenic rau hauv lub cev - cov khib nyiab ntawm tes, co toxins, kab mob, microscopic fungi, kab mob, protozoa (parasites). Tias yog vim li cas hemorrhagic vasculitis feem ntau tshwm sim ob peb lub lis piam tom qab raug mob los ntawm kev kis kab mob lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Feem ntau, AT-AG complexes raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov qe ntshav tshwj xeeb - phagocytes. Tab sis qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem sib sau hauv cov hlab ntsha, "tso" hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob uas nyob ib sab, thiab ua rau mob. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm AG - AT complexes, permeability ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha nce, thiab cov txheej txheem ntxiv - cov proteins koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob - yog qhib. Cov kev ntsuas no yog siv rau kev kuaj mob.

Kev kuaj kab mob

Vasculitis hauv tus menyuam raug kuaj los ntawm cov cim hauv qab no:

  1. Qhov pom ntawm daim tawv nqaij pob liab liab thiab ntxoov liab. Spots ntawm me me txoj kab uas hla, convex puab. Muaj peev xwm tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub cev, tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv qis extremities.
  2. Abdominal (los ntawm lat. plab - plab) mob. Tej zaum yuav sib quas ntus, hnyav zuj zus txhua zaus tom qab noj mov.
  3. Biopsy (kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg) ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm venules lossis arterioles qhiance granulocytes suav.

Kev kuaj pom tsis tau kuaj pom qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, kev saib xyuas yog them rau qhov nce ntawm hom A immunoglobulins hauv cov ntshav ntshav. Cov ntsuas tseem ceeb kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov siab ntawm AntiStreptoLysin-O (ASL-O) thiab erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), uas yog siv los kuaj mob vasculitis hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Kev kwv yees yuav ua tau zoo. Qee zaum, tag nrho cov tsos mob ploj tom qab li 30 hnub tom qab qhov pib mob hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, mob plab hnyuv, lossis hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb puas.

hemorrhagic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov tsos mob
hemorrhagic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov tsos mob

Hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus: kev kho mob

Kev kho mob hemorrhagic vasculitis pib tsuas yog tom qab qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg thiab ua rau tus kab mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Kev kho mob yuav nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab qib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Txawm li cas los xij, txwv kev ua lub cev. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm mob ntawm tus kab mob. Lub txaj so yog muab tshuaj kom txog rau thaum qhov kev ruaj khov ploj ntawm daim tawv nqaij pob. Nws lub sijhawm nruab nrab yog kwv yees li 3-4 lub lis piam. Kev ua txhaum ntawm tus mob no tuaj yeem ua rau rov ua pob liab liab. Thaum muaj teeb meem thiab qhov mob hnyav, pw tsaug zog txuas ntxiv.

Nco ntsoov sau cov zaub mov nrog kev txwv nruj los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis haum thiab muaj peev xwm ua xua. Yog hais tias tus kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug mob plab syndrome, ces teemnoj 1. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej nyuaj los ntawm mob nephritis - noj zaub mov 7 (tsis suav ntsev, nqaij, tsev cheese). Cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo li no yuav txo cov tsos mob tsis zoo uas ua rau hemorrhagic vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus.

Kev kho mob, tsis hais tus kab mob li cas, suav nrog kev noj tshuaj antiplatelet - cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav txhaws, nrog rau cov tshuaj fibrinolysis activators - cov tshuaj koom nrog "kev sib cais" ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv cov koob tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev tswj hwm tau pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom.

Txij li thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob yog txuam nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev kho mob yog tshem tawm AG-AT complexes ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav ntawm tus kab mob thiab tsis muaj contraindications, cov neeg kho tshuab lim ntshav yog nqa tawm - plasmapheresis. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tshem tawm ntawm cov ntshav tsis yog tsuas yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov kab mob pathogenic, microscopic fungi, co toxins.

hemorrhagic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ua rau
hemorrhagic vasculitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ua rau

Allergic vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus

Qhov ua rau tus kab mob no yog kev ua xua. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj, khoom noj, lossis kev kis kab mob hauv lub cev. Qhov tshwm sim yog o thiab vascular puas tsuaj, feem ntau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos tom qab hloov cov kab mob sib kis lossis kev kho tshuaj. Qee zaum qhov ua rau mob vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus yuav tsis meej. Tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau kawm paub txog keeb kwm kho mob kom zoo.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog pob khaus uas ua rau khaus. Nws zoo li cov pob thiab/lossisconvex pob ntawm liab doog los yog liab-lilac xim nyob rau hauv loj cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm ob txhais ceg, ncej puab, pob tw. Tej zaum qhov tsim ntawm hlwv thiab rwj, caws pliav ntawm cov hlab ntsha puas. Allergic vasculitis feem ntau daws nws tus kheej hauv ob peb lub lis piam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev vim kev ua txhaum ntawm lawv cov ntshav.

Ntau yam thiab cov ntawv

Nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam, muaj:

  • superficial (dermal) tsis haum vasculitis - cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha thiab cov venules dag hauv daim tawv nqaij;
  • dub lossis dermo-hypodermal - tshwm sim thaum cov hlab ntsha nruab nrab thiab cov hlab ntsha koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathological.

Nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij pob, muaj ntau hom kab mob:

  • papular - pob liab liab yog convex, palpable, pigmented;
  • vesicular - npuas (vesicles) nrog cov ntsiab lus ua kua yog tsim;
  • pustular - cov kab noj hniav uas muaj paug tshwm sim;
  • ulcerative - necrotic ulcers tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm pustules;
  • scarring - nrog rau caws pliav ntawm daim tawv nqaij puas.

Kev kho mob vasculitis

Nws lub hom phiaj txo qhov mob los ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Txoj kev kho nyuaj tseem suav nrog kev noj tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav txhaws (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob), ua kom cov hlab ntshav, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim tsis haum. Yog tias tus kab mob rov tshwm sim dua, koj tsis tuaj yeem noj tshuaj,siv ua ntej, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias lub cev muaj zog tiv thaiv lawv.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov zaub mov tsis haum, cov tshuaj enterosorbents raug sau tseg. Cov tshuaj no khi thiab tshem tawm cov co toxins los ntawm txoj hnyuv, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev noj zaub mov nruj nrog kev tsis suav cov khoom noj uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntsuas thaum kuaj mob vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus.

Qhov ua rau muaj mob tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qee zaum, yog tias tsim nyog, tsis suav cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob (nqaj lossis rov tshwm sim).

Yuav ua li cas tseem ceeb rau cov niam txiv paub?

Cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev txog tej pob khaus ntawm tus me nyuam daim tawv nqaij. Txawm rau cov uas zoo li insignificant thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov niam txiv kom nkag siab tias vasculitis hauv tus me nyuam tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv nthwv dej: lub sij hawm ntawm kev zam txim raug hloov los ntawm kev rov qab los. Ntxiv mus, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tshiab tshwm sim yuav txawv ntawm cov uas yav tas los. Nrhiav kev pab kho mob raws sij hawm yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.

vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus ua rau
vasculitis hauv menyuam yaus ua rau

Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tshuaj kho tus kheej rau tus menyuam yog tias xav tias muaj vasculitis. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem tsis meej. Kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Hauv particular, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev ywj pheej thaum xaiv immunostimulating thiab immunomodulatory tshuaj. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntsiab yog vim li casCov tsos mob ntawm txhua hom vasculitis - kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub cev.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kabmob rov qab los ntawm tus menyuam, ua raws li kev ntsuas yooj yim yuav pab:

  • limiting stress factor;
  • Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, ua neej nyob;
  • kev muaj lub cev ua si;
  • kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias kev mob nkeeg los ntawm tus menyuam thaum nws tseem yau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb.

Pom zoo: