Nkauj txha yog peb sab hauv. Nws ua haujlwm txhawb nqa, lub cev muaj zog, txo nqi, tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov haujlwm no tshwm sim nrog tus txha caj qaum deformities. Yuav kom tau txais lawv rov qab, koj yuav tsum koom nrog kev tiv thaiv thiab kho raws sijhawm ntawm curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum. Pathology yog tswj los ntawm ib tug orthopedist, vertebrologist thiab neurologist. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov ua rau ntawm curvature thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm concomitant pathologies. Feem ntau, nws muaj ob peb khoov nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm nws lub department, uas nyob rau hauv lub sagittal dav hlau (thaum saib los ntawm sab).
Lub cev nkhaus ntawm kab laug sab
- Cervical and lumbar lordosis. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub cev kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam, thaum nws lub cev muaj zog muaj peev xwm nthuav (pib tuav nws lub taub hau thiab zaum). Puas yog lub pob txha nraub qaum anteriorly.
- Thoracic thiab sacral kyphosis yog tsim nyob rau hauv utero, tus me nyuam twb yug los nrog lawv. Sawv cev los ntawm lub pob txha nraub qaum.
Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau frontal, kab ntawm tus txha nraub qaum khiav raws nruab nrab axis ntawm lub cev. Active thiab raug tuav ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yog posture. Deformation ntawm tus txha nraub qaum ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev tsis zoo thiab rov ua dua.
Nyob ntawm kab mob
Dab tsi yog hom pob txha deformities? Dab tsi feem ntau txhawj xeeb txiv neej niaj hnub? Scoliosis tsim nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau frontal. Qhov no yog ib qho curvature ntawm tus txha caj qaum txheeb ze rau midline mus rau sab xis lossis sab laug. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau sagittal, muaj qhov nce ntawm arc ntawm physiological curves (hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis), ploj los yog txo cov nkhaus (pav rov qab) thiab ua ke curvatures combining ob txoj kev (lordoscoliosis, kyphoscoliosis).
Vim li cas qhov curvature tshwm sim?
Qhov ua rau tus txha caj qaum deformity tuaj yeem ua rau los yog kis tau. Congenital etiology yog txuam nrog cov pathology ntawm lub vertebrae:
- Underdevelopment of structural components.
- cov ntsiab lus ntxiv.
- Fusion ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze lub cev vertebral.
- Arc tsis ua haujlwm.
- Ntxhais zoo nkauj.
Qhov ua rau ntawm tus txha caj qaum deformity tuaj yeem yog:
- Nyob zoo li qub.
- Rickets (calcium imbalance hauv lub cev, pob txha ua nkig).
- tuberculosis ntawm qaum.
- Polio.
- Y Osteochondrosis thiab osteodystrophy.
- CP.
- Kev mob, hernias thiab qog ntawm qaum.
- Pleurisy yog ib qho pathology ntawm kev ua pa nrog cov lus haismob syndrome. Feem ntau ib sab ntawm tus neeg mob dag raug cuam tshuam. Kev thauj khoom ntawm tus txha caj qaum hauv cheeb tsam thoracic tsis sib xws, curvature tshwm sim.
- Nyob ib leeg qis qis - lub load faib unevenly.
- Muag ib sab caj npab, ua rau tsis sib haum.
- Cov leeg nqaij tsis muaj zog, uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum.
- Kev puas siab puas ntsws (kev nyuaj siab, thaum lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub taub hau qis tas li).
Kev nkhaus ntawm tus txha caj qaum tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib feem ntawm nws.
Cervical spine deformity
- Torticollis yog ib hom kab mob uas lub taub hau tig mus rau ib sab thiab lub caj dab tig mus rau lwm qhov.
- Kyphosis - curvature ntawm caj dab rov qab. Nov yog qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim.
- Lordosis - ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev khoov. Lub caj dab yog stretched rau pem hauv ntej, lub xub pwg nyom yog round, lub stoop tsim.
Caus ntawm congenital torticollis:
- txoj haujlwm tsis raug ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab;
- birth trauma;
- spasm lossis luv ntawm caj dab cov leeg;
- congenital pathology ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae (Klippel-Feil kab mob);
- rotational subluxation of the 1st cervical vertebra.
Ua rau kis tau qhov deformity ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam qaum:
- kho torticollis - thaum tus menyuam ua qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm hauv txaj ntev ntev;
- them nyiaj - nrog cov kab mob inflammatory ntawm pob ntseg, cov txheej txheem purulent hauv caj dab(tus me nyuam cia tus mob thiab tig nws lub taub hau mus rau sab noj qab haus huv);
- tawg, dislocation lossis subluxation ntawm thawj lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebra;
- osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis - lub vertebrae raug rhuav tshem, axial deformation ntawm cov pob txha tshwm sim.
Kev kho mob torticollis
Txoj Kev Tiv Thaiv:
- massage;
- kho mob gymnastics;
- txoj kev kho mob;
- kho lub cev;
- cov txheej txheem dej hauv pas dej siv lub voj voog rau cov menyuam yug tshiab;
- hnav dab tshos kho lub ncauj tsev menyuam qaum hauv qhov chaw raug.
Kev phais yog ua thaum tsis muaj kev saib xyuas:
- myotomy - kev txiav ntawm caj dab nqaij;
- plasty (muscle lengthening).
Kyphosis thiab lordosis yog kho nrog kev saib xyuas (kev kho mob, zaws, tshuaj loog, cov leeg nqaij ntshiv).
Thoracic Disorders
Kyphosis yog nrog los ntawm deformation nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nce physiological dabtsi yog khoov. Muaj ib tug pathological posterior khoov nrog tsim ntawm ib puag ncig rov qab. Tau txais kyphotic deformity ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog ntau dua.
Caus ntawm thoracic kyphosis:
- Tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij corset, uas tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim tom qab kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus menyuam.
- Thaum ntxov rickets (txog 1 xyoos) - cov cheeb tsam thoracic thiab lumbar raug cuam tshuam. Lub deformity ploj mus nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine (non-taw curvature). Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov khoov pathological yog hnyav dua thaum tus menyuam zaum thiab sawv.
- Liab rickets (5-6 xyoo) - txhim khoKho kyphosis thiab kyphoscoliosis.
- Osteochondropathy tau pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-17 xyoo. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau cuam tshuam. Hauv ntiaj teb kev kho mob, nws hu ua Scheuermann-Mau kab mob. Dystrophic hloov pauv nyob rau hauv lub cev vertebral thiab intervertebral discs. Ib tug ruaj khov-zoo li tus deformity ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog tsim.
Kev kho mob ntawm thoracic kyphosis
Rachitic deformity yog kho kom zoo: ua luam dej, kho cov tshuaj vitamin, kho kev tawm dag zog, da dej coniferous, zaws, hnav ib qho tshwj xeeb peb-taw tes corset. Tus kab mob no yuav ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj lw.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas kyphosis yog kho nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyuaj: massage, tshwj xeeb ce los ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg nqaij corset, tshuaj txhim kho trophism ntawm osteoarticular system. Feem ntau nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv txoj kev phais ntawm txoj kev kho mob: ntau hom kev ntsuas kho ntawm tus txha nraub qaum.
Lumbar deformity
Lordosis - curvature ntawm tus txha caj qaum nrog tsim ntawm pob rau pem hauv ntej. Kev kho mob yog raws li kev sib ntaus tawm tsam tus kab mob uas ua rau curvature. Lawv siv traction, tshwj xeeb cov neeg mob txoj hauj lwm, physiotherapy, physiotherapy ce thiab kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov chav kawm massage.
Ua rau lumbar lordosis:
- deformation los them nyiaj rau rachitic thiab tuberculous kyphosis;
- kev tsis sib haum ntawm lub duav uas tshwm sim thaum yug menyuam;
- kev cog lus ntawm lub duav pob qij txha.
Scoliosis
Scoliotic deformity ntawm tus txha nraub qaum tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua theem ntawm tus txha nraub qaum thiab cuam tshuamob peb chav haujlwm, ua rau S-shaped curvatures. Cov menyuam ntxhais prepubertal muaj tus kab mob ntau dua.
- Congenital scoliosis yog txuam nrog kev muaj fusion ntawm ob peb lub vertebrae, muaj cov vertebrae ntxiv, ib qho txawv txav hauv cov qauv ntawm cov vertebra. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 1 xyoos. Kev nce qib maj mam, kab nkhaus tsis hais.
- Dysplastic scoliosis yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho pathological ntawm thaj av lumbosacral. Nws pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9-11 xyoo thiab nce nrawm. Txoj kab ntawm curvature tau pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam lumbar.
- Neurogenic scoliosis tsim los ntawm poliomyelitis, syringomyelia, myopathies. Lub mechanism ntawm kev loj hlob yog txuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev muaj zog cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Functional insufficiency ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv tsim. Nyob rau hauv parallel, dystrophic hloov nyob rau hauv tus txha caj qaum tshwm sim.
- YRachitic scoliosis. Vim yog kev ua txhaum ntawm calcium metabolism, cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg ua mos. Nyob rau hauv static loads, muaj kev nce hauv physiological khoov. Nrog rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm lub cev hauv qhov chaw, scoliosis sai sai.
- Idiopathic scoliosis yog tus txha caj qaum deformity tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib tug kab mob multifactorial: kev ua txhaum ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, neuromuscular insufficiency, ib tug active lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam thiab ib tug nce nyob rau hauv physiological kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub pob txha taub hau. Muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov pob txha endochondral nyob rau hauv lub vertebrae, ua raws li kev loj hlob ntawm osteoporosis thiab spinal disorders.
Xyoo 1965, V. D. Chaklin radiologically txheeb xyuas 4 degreesspinal deformities hauv scoliosis:
- 1st degree - 5-10 degrees;
- 2nd degree - 11-30;
- 3rd degree - 31-60;
- 4th degree - tshaj 61 degrees.
Kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm scoliosis:
- Ntawm qib 1 hauv qhov sawv ntsug, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg corset ntawm lub nraub qaum thiab lub plab phab ntsa tau sau tseg, sib txawv ntawm lub xub pwg nyom, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub xub pwg hniav nyob ntawm ntau theem, asymmetry ntawm daim duab peb sab. ntawm lub duav. Nyob rau hauv lub thoracic cheeb tsam, ib tug curvature yog pom, nyob rau hauv lub lumbar cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub opposite sab, muaj ib tug muscular foob, uas yog tseem pom thaum lub cev yog tilted rau pem hauv ntej. Tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub vertebrae ntawm x-ray. Lub pelvis yog nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij hauv plab tau sau tseg.
- Ntawm 2nd degree, S-shaped curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog qhov pom kev. Muaj rotations ntawm lub thoracic vertebrae, muaj ib tug deformation ntawm lub hauv siab. Kev ntsuas qaij qhia tau hais tias qhov protrusion ntawm cov tav ntawm ib sab lossis cov leeg ntawm sab nraub qaum. Kev loj hlob zuj zus thaum tus me nyuam loj tuaj.
- Ntawm 3rd degree, kev hais tawm deformation ntawm lub cev pob txha raug txiav txim siab. Tus nqi hump thiab pelvic qaij yog pom meej. Txoj kab ntawm lub xub pwg nyom coincides nrog txoj kab ntawm lub plab mog. Lub venous plexus ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog compressed. Tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem ua pa.
- Nyob rau qib 4, muaj qhov hnyav ntawm deformation ntawm tag nrho lub cev. Kev loj hlob nres, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv yog cuam tshuam. Compression ntawm tus txha caj qaum ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm paresis. Radiograph qhiawedge-shaped vertebrae.
Scoliosis yog ib yam kab mob loj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis taus mus tas li (kev tsis taus).
kev kho mob Scoliosis
Spinal deformities hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum raug kuaj pom nyob rau theem pib. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, txhua yam koj xav tau yog kev kho lub cev, kev tawm dag zog lub cev, ua luam dej, txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom raug, tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm txaus thiab so, thiab noj zaub mov kom zoo.
Kev kho tsis yog phais yog txhawm rau kho tus txha nraub qaum hauv txoj haujlwm kom raug los ntawm kev hnav cov corsets kho, cob qhia cov leeg ntawm nraub qaum thiab plab. Tus menyuam chav yuav tsum muaj ib lub txaj tshwj xeeb nrog lub txaj tawv thiab lub hauv ncoo orthopedic.
Qib thib ob yog kho kom zoo, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov menyuam yaus raug xa mus rau cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev npaj kho mob uas tsis yog phais yog ua nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm orthopedics. Siv txoj kev traction siv lateral traction. Txoj kev kho no kav 2-4 lub hlis. Traction feem ntau yog ib qho kev npaj ua ntej rau theem 3 thiab 4th. Qhov ua tiav ntawm kev kho yog kho tam sim siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Qhia rau kev kho mob phais
- Kev zoo nkauj tsis zoo uas txhawj xeeb tus neeg laus lossis niam txiv ntawm tus neeg mob me.
- Lub kaum sab xis ntawm curvature yog ntau tshaj 40 degrees, tab sis nrog kev loj hlob tsis tiav.
- Txhua qhov warp ntau dua 50 degrees.
- Persistent neurological complications and pain syndrome.
- Deformations,nrog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab cov hlab ntsws.
Yam kev kho mob phais
Muaj 3 txoj hauv kev: kev ua haujlwm nrog rau pem hauv ntej, nrog rov qab thiab ua ke. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev qhia txog cov qauv hlau rau hauv cov nqaj qaum, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li qub thiab txawb. Qhov zoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo dynamic: nws tuaj yeem hloov kho kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam yog qhov tseeb, thiab tso cai rau koj ua si kis las. Tus qauv tsim tsis pom sab nraud thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum deformities hauv cov neeg laus. Nws tso cai rau koj kho qhov curvature thiab nres nws txoj kev vam meej.
Tiv thaiv qhov nkhaus ntawm tus txha nraub qaum
- Kev kuaj pom ntxov ntawm qhov congenital curvature ntawm tus txha caj qaum (kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob orthopedist hauv tsev kho mob maternity yog ua thaum 1, 3, 6 lub hlis thiab ib xyoos) thiab kho lawv.
- Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool thiab lub hnub nyoog kawm ntawv ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kev siv cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog los kho lawv.
- Control your posture. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau qhia txij thaum yau kom lawv nraub qaum ncaj. Cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj rooj nrog lub rooj thiab lub rooj zaum qhov siab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau so me me los ntawm kev taug kev kom tsis txhob muaj qhov zoo li qub ntawm tus txha nraub qaum.
- tshawb nrhiav thiab kho raws sijhawm ntawm rickets, polio, tuberculosis.
- Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov zaws dav dav rau kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij corset.
- Kev ua si nawv kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg nraub qaum thiab abs.
- Swimming.
- Thaum tsis muaj ceg tawv, nws yog qhov tsim nyogdaws qhov teeb meem ntawm prosthetics.
- Hnav khau orthopedic rau ntau ceg ntev.
- Thaum nqa qhov hnyav, koj yuav tsum tau faib cov khoom sib npaug ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cev.
- Noj kom raug, zaub mov yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates, vitamins thiab kab kawm. Tsis txhob noj ntau dhau thiab nce qhov hnyav dhau, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tus txha caj qaum.
- Zam txoj haujlwm ntev hauv ib txoj haujlwm, npaj kev kawm lub cev.
- Txhim tus qauv pw tsaug zog kom raug. Lub txaj yuav tsum nyuaj, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav ib lub hauv ncoo orthopedic hauv lub salon tshwj xeeb.
- Yog tias qhov muag tsis pom kev, nws yuav tsum tau hu rau tus kws kho mob ophthalmologist (nrog qhov muag tsis pom kev, tus neeg tuaj yeem ua txoj haujlwm yuam kev, ncab nws caj dab thiab ua rau lub tsev me nyuam loj dua).
- Sib ntaus kev nyuaj siab thiab apathy.
- Ua ceev faj kom tsis txhob raug mob.
- Nyob kho mob hernias, osteochondrosis, hlav ntawm qaum.
Kev kho raws sijhawm tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pob txha deformity tag nrho.
