Dab tsi yog qhov mob ntawm lub cev? Vim li cas lawv thiaj zoo? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab lwm yam hauv kab lus. Ib qho tom yog hu ua txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav thaum cov hniav qis thiab sab sauv tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag thaum lub sij hawm ua tiav ntawm ob lub puab tsaig.
Cov kws kho hniav siv lo lus "occlusion" los piav txog qhov tom ntawm cov hniav. Nws yog dab tsi? Occlusion yog hu ua kaw ntawm ob lub puab tsaig nyob rau theem ntawm kev txav ntawm ib leeg. Physiological thiab pathological tom yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Central occlusion
Muaj tsawg tus neeg paub tias qhov mob ntawm lub cev yog dab tsi. Qhov kawg txoj hauj lwm, uas xaus lub zom mov ntawm lub puab tsaig, yog hu ua central occlusion. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, nruab nrab ntawm tib neeg lub ntsej muag coincides nrog txoj kab uas khiav ntawm nodal incisors. Hauv qhov no, lub taub hau ntawm lub puab tsaig qis yog muab tso rau ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm articular eminence, ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Cov leeg uas nqa lub puab tsaig qis yog sib npaug thiab nruj heev ntawm ob sab.
Yog li, qhov tom ntawm cov hniav yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qho tib si dentitions thaum lub hauv paus occlusion.
Nyob ntawm tom
Muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav ntawm ob lub puab tsaig thaum lub hauv paus occlusion. Raws li lawv, sib txawv ntawm cov hniav raug tsim, uas tau muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Physiological (yog) tom.
- Malocclusion (malocclusion).
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Lub cev nqaij daim tawv raug tsim los thaum, thaum ob lub puab tsaig txuas nrog, cov hniav ntawm pawg sab sauv thaiv cov qis los ntawm ib feem peb, thiab cov molars cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg kom cov hniav sib xyaw kom pom tseeb sib ze. Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev tom cov hniav:
- Txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag hla ntawm nruab nrab qis thiab sab saud.
- Thaum lub puab tsaig kaw, cov hniav ntawm kab sab sauv cuam tshuam nrog cov hniav tom qab ntawm tib lub npe ntawm qib qis. Thiab vice versa.
- Kev hais lus thiab zom zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam.
- Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hniav ntawm tib kab.
Nyob ntawm raug tom
Kho raug tom yog ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Orthognathic tom - cov kab mob sab sauv ntawm cov hniav thaum lub sij hawm kaw lub puab tsaig thaiv qhov qis dua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub anterior ntu, lub Upper incisors npog lub qis sawv los ntawm ib feem peb. Cov kws kho hniav niaj hnub no xav txog hom kev tom no los ua qhov siv.
- Progenic tom - lub puab tsaig qis thaum lub sijhawm koom nrog cov hniav yog thawb me ntsis rau pem hauv ntej.
- Ntxhais ncaj - incisors ntawm kab sab sauv ntawm cov hniav thaum kaw lub puab tsaigcov hauv qab no tsis sib tshooj, tab sis txuas los ntawm kev txiav ntug rau ib leeg.
- Biprognathic tom - qis thiab sab sauv incisors yog qaij rau ntawm lub vestibule ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thaum lub sij hawm kev sib txuas.
Txhua qhov kev hloov kho ntawm qhov raug tom tso cai rau kev kho hniav kom ua haujlwm tag nrho, muab cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag, kev txiav txim siab raug thiab 100% kev ua haujlwm ntawm zom zom.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij phooj ywg sawv daws
Kev tsis raug tom yog tsim los ntawm qhov tau txais (vim muaj kab mob, thiab lwm yam) los yog congenital (genetic) defects ntawm lub puab tsaig los yog dentition.
Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov txawv txav yog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thaum cov hniav qis thiab sab saud raug kaw, mus txog qhov tsis muaj qhov adhesion tag nrho hauv qee qhov chaw, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav. dentoalveolar system, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov nram qab no hom kev txawv txav txawv:
- Qhib tom - feem ntau ntawm cov hniav ntawm ob lub puab tsaig tsis sib ntsib.
- Tub tob - cov kab mob sab sauv sib tshooj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag qis dua 50%.
- Mesial tom - lub puab tsaig qis protrudes noticeably pem hauv ntej ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv.
- Distal tom - lub puab tsaig sab hauv yog menyuam mos, thiab lub puab tsaig sab sauv tau tsim dhau lawm.
- Cross tom - me nyuam mos ntawm ib sab ntawm lub puab tsaig.
- Dystopia - ib feem ntawm cov hniav muab tso tsis raug, tawm ntawm qhov chaw.
Txhua hommalocclusion tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo rau koj lub cev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov teeb meem zoo nkauj nrog distorted ntawm lub ntsej muag contours thiab cov hniav tsis sib xws, malocclusion tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj ntau yam kab mob hauv lub cev thiab qhov ncauj.
Hnub no, cov neeg coob coob muaj qee yam kev ua tsis zoo. Hmoov zoo, txhua yam ntawm qhov anomaly no tuaj yeem kho nrog kev kho hniav niaj hnub. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus kws kho hniav hauv lub sijhawm thiab xaiv txoj kev kho mob thiab cov chav kawm tsim nyog tshaj rau koj. Thaum koj ua qhov no sai dua, qhov kev kho tau zoo thiab sai dua yuav ua tiav.
Thaum twg yog lub sijhawm kho zoo?
Pathological hom occlusion yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho thaum yau, thaum loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hniav tseem tsis tau tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no orthodontics tuaj yeem kho qhov mob ntawm tus neeg laus tau zoo heev.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev mob, tau kawg, yog qhov yooj yim dua li tshem tawm, muab kev kho hniav mus sij hawm ntev. Yog li ntawd, saib xyuas koj tus menyuam cov hniav tam sim ntawd thaum lawv tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab cov kab mob tuaj yeem zam tau.
Qhib saib
Cia saib malocclusion hauv me ntsis ntxiv. Cov cim qhia ntawm qhov qhib tom yog paub tias yog:
- kaw daim di ncauj;
- me ntsis elongated oval ntsej muag;
- deviations hauv pronunciation;
- teeb meem nqos thiab zom.
hom malocclusion no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau qhov kev hloov kho. Ua ntej, raws li qhov tshwm sim:
- Taumatic - tshwm sim los ntawm qhov poob ntawm ib lossis ntau dua cov hniav, nrog rau tus ntiv tes xoo nqus lossis ntxiv lub txiv mis.
- Tseeb - tshwm sim vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab sab sauv. Kev kho mob qiv nws tus kheej, tab sis nyuaj dhau.
Thib ob, raws li qhov peculiarity ntawm ntws:
- Laus - Cov hniav sab nraud tsis kov txhua.
- Frontal - kev sib txuas ntawm lub puab tsaig tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv ntej incisors.
Cov tsos mob sib sib zog nqus
Ntawm qhov tob yog qhov kuaj pom ntau tshaj plaws. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Nyob ceev heev thiab hnyav heev hnav. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nrog qhov tsis raug qhov tob tom, tus neeg feem ntau zom nws cov hniav.
- Muaj zog sib tshooj ntawm cov hniav qis qis nrog rau sab sauv. Tus neeg nruab nrab, uas tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij, qhov no tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim qee qhov txo qis ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav.
- mob taub hau. Cov tsos mob no tsis pom nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg mob.
- mob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub puab tsaig sab hauv thiab hauv cov tuam tsev. Lawv cov laj thawj yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg masticatory.
Crossview
Crossbite yog ib qho txawv txav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav hauv qab uas muaj feem rau sab sauv. Outwardly, qhov no yog qhia los ntawm asymmetry ntawm lub ntsej muag. Kuj ntawm no yog qhov qis dua thiabthaj tsam sab sauv ntawm lub puab tsaig yog nqaim heev. Yog hais tias qhov kev piav qhia tsis meej yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ob ntu ntawm lub puab tsaig tib lub sijhawm, ces lawv hais txog qhov muaj tus mob xws li kev sib tsoo ob sab.
Tab sis feem ntau qhov kev tom no cuam tshuam rau sab thiab pem hauv ntej cov hniav. Cov cim qhia ntawm hom anomaly no yog:
- Teeb meem ntawm kev ua ntawm lub plab zom mov vim qhov tseeb tias cov hniav tsis ua haujlwm zom zaub mov zoo.
- Crunching thaum lub qhov ncauj qhib thiab qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm temporomandibular.
- Caries nce nrog nce load ntawm cov hniav.
- teeb meem hais lus (tsuas yog rau cov menyuam yaus).
Distal saib
Qhov pom qhov muag ntawm qhov tom yog sab nraud tshwm sim los ntawm qhov loj dhau ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv. Lwm qhov xwm txheej kuj tau ntsib - ua tsis tiav ntawm lub puab tsaig sab hauv. Thaum paub txog qhov mob no, tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem kaw nws daim di ncauj, thiab nws lub ntsej muag muaj qhov loj. Ntawm qhov paub qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom kab mob no yog:
- mob hnyav thaum qhib qhov ncauj thiab ua haujlwm zom zaws.
- Kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm kev tsim thiab ua rau cov kab mob phem ntxiv.
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm periodontitis thiab, vim li ntawd, qhov poob ntawm cov hniav feem ntau.
- Tsis muaj peev xwm txhim kho kev cog hniav.
- Kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev xws li lub ntsej muag qhia, nqos, hais lus, thiab hauv cov xwm txheej siab - ua pa.
Mesial view
Mesial occlusion yog kiag li opposite rau distal. Ntawm no peb tab tom soj ntsuam nrog ib qho tseem ceeb protrusion ntawm lub puab tsaig qis, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg lub ntsej muag zoo li yuav nkhaus. Mesial thiab distal hom occlusion zoo ib yam, yog li qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog kho tau zoo ib yam.
Peb twb tau hais lawm tias kev noj ncaj qha yog ib hom kev raug mob, uas yog ze rau qhov zoo tagnrho. Qee cov kws kho hniav ntseeg hais tias qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv ib qho ncaj qha tom yog qhov tsis xws luag, vim nws ua rau lawv puas sai sai thaum sib cuag. Lawv sib cav tias hom kev tom no yog ib daim ntawv ciam teb ntawm qhov raug tom thiab txawv txav. Lub xub ntiag ntawm hom no rau nws tus tswv tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo li no:
- Txhob txhuam hniav ntau ntxiv, cuam tshuam rau kev zoo nkauj kom tus neeg lub ntsej muag qis thib peb ntawm lub ntsej muag txo.
- Thaum daim ntawv tau nce siab, kev hais lus yuav cuam tshuam, kev hnov lus yuav txo qis thiab qhov mob ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yuav tshwm sim.
- Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hnav ntawm cov hniav, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov pob qij txha temporomandibular tshwm.
Nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov enamel, polished nto ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov hniav tau txais, uas yog cov resistant rau caries. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav los ntawm cov kab mob periodontal tshwm sim tsis ntau dua li nrog rau lwm hom kev raug mob.
Nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tom hauv cov menyuam yaus, muaj peb lub sijhawm pib:
- Ib ntus: los ntawm qhov pommis nyuj thawj tus hniav mus txog rau tus hniav thawj zaug.
- Replaceable: ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev hloov cov mis nyuj cov hniav los ntawm cov neeg mus tas li.
- Permanent: Lub sijhawm tsim tom thaum tag nrho cov hniav thawj zaug tau hloov los ntawm cov hniav mus tas li.
Dentofacial defect yog suav tias yog thaum kawg tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm mus tas li occlusion, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm hloov thiab ib ntus occlusion nws yuav tsum tau kho zoo kawg nkaus. Txij thaum yau, soj ntsuam qhov tom ntawm tus menyuam, thiab yog tias koj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, pib kho orthodontic. Noj qab nyob zoo!
