Cov thyroid caj pas yog cov qog endocrine loj tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov formations, los yog cov nodes, txawv nyob rau hauv ntom thiab qauv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, yog li ntawd tej zaum tus neeg mob yuav hnov lawv tus kheej, tab sis tsis yog tas li. Palpation tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib sib zog nqus los yog nyob qis. Vim li cas cov thyroid nodule txaus ntshai? Cov lus nug no tsis tuaj yeem teb tau meej meej, vim tias yuav luag txhua yam kab mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog nrog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nodules.
Knots. Vim li cas lawv tshwm?
Raws li tau hais los saum no, ntau yam kab mob ua rau pom kev tsim ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Txhawm rau tsim kev kuaj mob, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob endocrinologist.
Ua ntej koj nug koj tus kheej yog cov thyroid nodules puas txaus ntshai, koj yuav tsum paub seb cov kab mob twg feem ntau tshwm sim hauv.
Yog li, feem ntau, thaum kuaj pom cov qog nqaij hlav, tus neeg raug kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob goiter. Qhov no pathology tshwm sim nrog ntau zaus ntawm 90%. Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw yog benign qog ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Lawv suav txog 5 txog 8 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob. Ntau zaus tsawgTus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tus mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias txhua yam kab mob yuav tsum tau kho sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov qog tsim.
Knot types
Tsis yog txhua qhov ntawm cov thyroid yog tib yam. Lawv muab faib ua hom, uas yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm seb qhov tshwm sim ntawm formations. Highlight:
- malignant qog;
- follicular adenomas;
- cystic formations;
- diffuse goiters;
- multinodular goiters;
- kab mob goiters.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis yog ntau qhov tsim, tab sis ib leeg ntawm cov thyroid caj pas xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Puas yog nws txaus ntshai? Qee tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg tau tias ib qho kev tsim muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Raws li txoj cai, ib qho ntawm qhov qhia tias muaj qog nqaij hlav cancer, adenoma, tsim muaj benign, colloid goiter lossis cyst nrog cov kua dej.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov pob txha ntawm ultrasound
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 4 hom kev tsim ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog qhov txawv ntawm ultrasound:
- Isoechoic node. Xws li kev tsim tsis txawv ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm lub caj pas nws tus kheej.
- Inechogenic node. Xws li kev tsim muaj cov ntshav khiav zoo, thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv nws tau nthuav dav.
- Hypoechoic node. Cov tsim yog ntom thiab ntim nrog cov kua los yog cov cell tuag. Nrog rau hom no, raws li txoj cai, cyst lossis qog tau kuaj pom.
- Colloid node. Muaj cov ntaub so ntswg tib yam li cov thyroid caj pas. Txhim kho ntshav txaus.
Isoechoic nodule ntawm ultrasound feem ntau yog xim xim. Nrog rau qhov sib xws sib xws, qhov tsaus ntuj tuaj yeem pom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, feem ntau yuav, kev kuaj mob ntawm cystic tsim yog tsim.
Hypoechoic nodules ntawm cov thyroid caj pas puas txaus ntshai? Lawv qhov loj me mus txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm peb centimeters, uas feem ntau qhia tau hais tias tus txheej txheem malignant. Yog tias cov qog yog mob qog noj ntshav tiag tiag, ces lub pob yuav tsis muaj ciam teb meej, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ultrasound.
Degrees of goiter development
Tam sim no cov kab mob goiter tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv zoo heev. Rau qhov no, muaj txawm tias ib daim phiaj tshwj xeeb raws li O. V. Nikolaev. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias goiter tsuas yog kuaj tau thaum muaj cov nodes ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Dab tsi yog kev kawm txaus ntshai, qhia hauv lub rooj.
| Degree | Cov cim qhia ntawm goiter |
| 0 degree | Cov thyroid caj pas tsis pom, homogeneous thiab tsis muaj kev tsim |
| 1 degree | Cov thyroid caj pas tsis pom, tab sis nws tuaj yeem hnov qab yooj yim |
| 2 degree | Cov thyroid pom thaum nqos |
| 3 degree | caj pas loj hlob thiab pom qhov muag tuab lub caj dab |
| 4 degree | Tus kab mob goiter loj, tawg lub caj dab |
| 5 degree | Cov thyroid caj pas loj hlob heev uas nws pib ua rau lub cev nyob ze |
Vim li cas cov thyroid nodule txaus ntshai?
Txawm hais tias ua ntejNws tau ntseeg hais tias benign formations ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nws thiaj li degenerate mus rau malignant sawv daws yuav, qhov no yog kiag li tsis yog li ntawd. Cov qog nqaij hlav zoo yog tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej. Xws li kev tsim, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog tshem tawm yog tias tus neeg mob pib muaj kev tsis xis nyob.
Kev sib tham sib txawv kiag li raug tuav yog tias tus neeg mob tau kuaj mob qog noj ntshav. Cov qauv zoo li no yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tam sim ntawd thiab soj ntsuam ntxiv. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov thyroid cancer yog ib tug heev insidious kab mob uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg theem, uas yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tas li.
Symptomatics
Ib tug neeg, raws li txoj cai, tsis hnov cov tsos mob ntawm goiter, uas ua rau cov lus nug ntawm seb cov kab mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas puas txaus ntshai. Cov laj thawj rau cov tsos ntawm formations txawv heev, tab sis cov cim qhia feem ntau coincide. Raws li qhov loj tuaj, tus neeg mob lub caj dab hloov thiab pib xav tias nruj.
Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj lub plawv dhia nrawm, qhov hnyav poob qis nrog kev qab los noj mov thiab ntxhov siab, ces tus kws kho mob endocrinologist tuaj yeem kuaj pom ua ntej - diffuse nodular goiter.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov thyroid follicular cysts feem ntau tsis muaj cov tsos mob thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Tshuaj muaj teeb meem
Txhua tus yuav tsum saib xyuas lawv cov thyroid caj pas. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov nodes ntawm cov thyroid caj pastxaus ntshai. Me me benign formations yuav tsum tau saib xwb. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm yog tias nws tsis xis nyob.
Qee zaum cystic formations tuaj yeem pib fester thiab ua rau mob. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tus neeg muaj mob hnyav hauv caj dab, nws qhov kub thiab txias, xeev siab thiab lwm yam tsos mob tshwm sim.
Yog cov nodes tau loj hlob mus rau qhov loj, ces tus neeg mob pib hnov lub siab. Qee zaum ua tsis taus pa.
Lwm qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai yog qhov tsis zoo. Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov thyroid caj pas tsis rov tsim dua tshiab, tab sis qee zaum cov pob me me uas tsis muaj kev saib xyuas txaus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav.
ntsuas ntsuas kev kuaj mob
Thaum ib tug neeg ntsib teeb meem zoo sib xws, nws muaj lus nug tam sim ntawd: "Cov kab mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog qhov txaus ntshai?". Lawv txoj kev kho yuav tsum tau pib tsuas yog tom qab kuaj tag nrho, uas yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem.
- Tus neeg mob tau txais MRI.
- Computed tomography kuj yuav pab tau.
- Qee zaum, kev kuaj mob radioisotope tau ua tiav.
- Yog tias tsim nyog, txhawm rau paub meej qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsim, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj rau biopsy.
- Yam yuav tsum tau ua thaum kuaj mob yuav tsum kuaj ntshav rau cov thyroid hormones - T3, T4, TSH.
Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog ib txheej ntsuas tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob kom raug thiabpib kho kom raug ntawm node.
Kev kho mob pob caus
Nws tsis tsim nyog hais tias tsuas yog tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom qhia qhov tsim nyog kho. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm formations. Tsuas yog muab tshuaj kho mob xwb, thiab yuav tsum tau phais.
Yog tias cov nodule me me, feem ntau tus kws kho mob endocrinologist tsuas yog mus ntsib tus neeg mob tsis tu ncua los saib xyuas kev txhim kho kev kawm. Thiab qhov kev pom zoo no yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis. Yog vim li cas ib tug me me thyroid nodule txaus ntshai? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nrog nws qhov me me, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb. Feem ntau, qhov no yog qog nqaij hlav lossis goiter, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm malignancy.
Yog tias tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tias "diffuse goiter", ces kev kho mob yuav tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal. Feem ntau lawv tau noj rau lub sijhawm ntev (tsawg kawg ib xyoos). Lub sijhawm no, cov hlau tau rov qab los.
Lwm cov kab mob feem ntau xav tau kev phais. Tshem tawm cov thyroid caj pas ib nrab los yog tag nrho. Kev tshem tawm kom tiav yog qhia rau mob qog noj ntshav lossis kab mob autoimmune.
Kev mob nkeeg
Yog tias tsuas yog kho cov tshuaj hormones, ces qhov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog qhov zoo. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tiv thaiv cov thyroid ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Thaum ua haujlwm, nws ntxov dhau los hais txog qhov kev cia siab ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim siab histological. Yog hais tias histology pom ib tug benign qog los yog cystic tsim, ces qhov prognosishaum. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov hlwv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas qee zaum rov tshwm sim dua thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim.
Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim siab histological pom cov qog qog nqaij hlav me me yam tsis muaj metastases, ces qhov kev cia siab yog 70-80% zoo. Qhov kev kwv yees tsis zoo tsuas yog ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer nyob rau theem siab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev tsim loj hlob, cuam tshuam rau lub cev nyob sib ze, thiab metastases tshwm.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Yog li, dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm lub qog ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, twb tau tham saum toj no. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv qhov tshwm sim, muaj kev tiv thaiv yooj yim.
Ua ntej, nws tsim nyog ua kis las. Zoo heev rau kev ua luam dej thiab yoga. Qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom ntau li ntau tau los ntawm ib puag ncig kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis zoo. Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias txhua yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Thib peb, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj uas muaj iodine lossis iodized ntsev.
Cov khoom noj hauv qab no provoke kev loj hlob ntawm cov thyroid kab mob: stew, fast food, kaus poom, ketchup, dej cawv, margarine thiab confectionery.
Tseem muaj ntau yam khoom uas pab tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob, piv txwv li, decoctions ntawm qus sawv thiab hawthorn, noob, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, tshuaj ntsuab, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv qaub, tshuaj yej ntsuab thiab txiv ntoo.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tshwj xeeb saib xyuas qhov mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov poj niam thaum lub sij hawmlactation, menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev mob, nws raug nquahu kom noj tshuaj nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine.
