Kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij: duab nrog npe thiab piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 21:10

kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv qhov sib txawv - muaj ntau dua 300 ntawm lawv, thiab lawv txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej cov tsos mob, kuaj thiab kho. Paub txhua yam txog lawv yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, thiab nws yog qhov txaus rau ib tus neeg zoo tib yam kom muaj kev nkag siab dav dav ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau hauv lub neej niaj hnub txhawm rau txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv.

Daim tawv nqaij ua haujlwm

Cov tawv nqaij yog cov kabmob loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov loj, uas feem ntau muaj thaj tsam ntawm ob square meters. Nws txoj haujlwm yog feem ntau cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv. Ua permeable, daim tawv nqaij koom nrog hauv kev tswj cov dej sib npaug, lub cev kub, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua pa, tso tawm tsis tsuas yog tawm hws, tab sis kuj muaj co toxins.

Cov kab mob epidermis yog tus kheej tswj hwm thiab txawm tias muaj kev ywj pheej me ntsis, piv txwv li, hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm keratinocytes.

Daim tawv nqaij Anatomy

Daim tawv nqaij raws li lub tswv yim yooj yim muaj 3 txheej:

1. Nws txheej txheej (epidermis) muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog ib puag ncig. Nws lub Uppermost npog yog horny, sawv cev rau keratinized hlwb thiab yog feem ntaurog.
2. Dermis, lossis daim tawv nqaij tiag tiag - nws muaj cov elastic fibers, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov plaub hau thiab rau tes, nrog rau hws thiab qog sebaceous.
3. Qhov qis tshaj, thib peb, txheej yog hu ua subcutaneous rog (hypoderm).

Lub voj voog puv ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog 2 lub hlis. Txawm hais tias xws li cov qauv tsim muaj zog, nws muaj ntau yam kab mob. Yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij pathologies yog txawv. Txhua yam cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau muab tso rau hauv 2 pawg loj: sab hauv (endogenous) thiab sab nraud (exogenous).

External ua rau

Cov laj thawj sab nraud suav nrog:

1. Lub cev: thermal, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab, frostbite; mechanical puas tsuaj yog kev sib txhuam, khawb, tawg, txiav; hluav taws xob - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm yoj lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm UV, hluav taws xob, x-rays, tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij hnyav mus txog rau qhov necrosis ntawm epidermis.
2. tshuaj lom neeg puas tsuaj yog provoked los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij (acids, alkalis, thiab lwm yam) los yog cov tshuaj ntxuav tsev uas ua rau khaus thiab hlawv daim tawv nqaij.
3. Cov kab mob sib kis - kab mob, kab mob, fungi, protozoa.
4. Kev ua rau lom neeg yog qhov ua rau cov kab mob cab, tsiaj tom, thiab lwm yam.
5. Ib puag ncig - nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ecology tsis zoo, classical thiab atypical dermatosis tshwm sim, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua xua.

Internal Causes

Internal ua rau muaj xws li:

1. Endocrine tsis ua haujlwmglands - lub caj pas pituitary, qhov chaw mos, nrog rau ntshav qab zib mellitus. Lawv txhua tus ua rau lawv tus kheej pathology: seborrhea thiab pob txuv, Addison tus kab mob, trophic ulcers.
2. Kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob ntawm neurodermatosis, eczema.
3. Hormonal fluctuations. Thaum cev xeeb tub, tej zaum yuav muaj dermatosis ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thaum cev xeeb tub - keratosis ntawm xib teg thiab cov leeg, thiab lwm yam.
4. Kab mob ntawm plab hnyuv thiab kab mob hepatobiliary tshwm sim lawv tus kheej li pigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab.
5. YHypovitaminosis. Vitamin C deficiency ua rau los ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (hemorrhages). Vitamin A tsis txaus ua rau nws qhuav, ua rau keratosis lossis frinoderm. Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin B2 tuaj yeem ua rau seborrheic dermatitis. Tsis muaj vitamin PP provokes qhov tshwm sim ntawm pellagra los yog dermatitis.
6. Hematological (hematopoietic) kab mob yog teeb meem nrog cov lymphocytes uas ua rau cov kab mob hauv lub cev thiab mob hnyav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: lupus erythematosus, scleroderma.
7. Yog ib tug neeg muaj varicose leeg, ces trophic ulcers, eczema tshwm ntawm ob txhais ceg.
8. kab mob HIV. Nrog nws, muaj ntau yam ntawm daim tawv nqaij pathologies: lichen, mycoses, seborrhea, Kaposi's sarcoma, dermatoses thiab lwm yam. Thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj daim ntawv nyuaj tshaj plaws.
9. Txiv neej. Psoriasis thiab atopic dermatitis, kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij congenital uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub fetus, tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig.
10. Tus kheej rhiab heev thiab intolerance rau cov teebmeem ntawm ntau yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lawv. Peb tab tom tham txog kev ua xua - Quincke's edema lossis hnyav toxidermia.

Nws feem ntau ua tsis tau rau nruabqhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob, vim tias ntau zaus lawv tuaj yeem ua ke. Yog li, staphyloderma, syphilis, HIV tsim los ntawm staphylococcus, spirochete thiab retrovirus, feem ntau, tab sis microtraumas ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau tshwm sim thiab, ntxiv rau, kev tiv thaiv raug txo..

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm dermapathologies yog ua los ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab hom kab mob. Cov cim tseem ceeb: daim tawv nqaij microtrauma, pob khaus, liab, tev, mob, kub hnyiab thiab khaus, rwj, pw tsaug zog vim qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tshwm sim.

kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau muaj 3 theem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob:

1. Mob - tshwm sim tam sim tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tus kab mob lossis kab mob. Nrog nws, cov tsos mob ua rau lawv tus kheej hnov.
2. Subacute - tshwm sim tsis tau ntev, tab sis kuj mob me, raws li nyob rau theem mob.
3. Ntseev - feem ntau daim ntawv muab zais, ntev heev, cov tsos mob tsis tau hais tawm, qeeb qeeb, nrog rau lub sijhawm exacerbations.

Kev faib tawm ntawm pathologies

kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug faib dav vim muaj coob tus pathologies. Piv txwv li, txawm tias raws li ICD-10, twb muaj ntau yam kab mob vesicular ib leeg: cov no yog psoriasis, parapsoriasis, lichen, pemphigus, lichen planus thiab lwm yam. Tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum paub lawv thiab sau lawv tag nrho ntawm no - qhov no yog cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Tsuas yog cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau yuav muab ua pawg hauv daim ntawv yooj yim. Cov npe ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ua rau lossis cov tsos mob tshwm sim tshaj plaws.

Ncua saibdaim tawv nqaij pathologies

Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau yog:

1. Kab mob fungal uas cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, rau tes thiab tawv taub hau. Tau kis los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob, khoom siv hauv tsev (khau, tais diav).
2. Purulent o - feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm strepto- lossis staphylococci. Kev tiv thaiv txo qis tuaj yeem ua rau qhov no thaum lub sijhawm hypothermia, kev ntxhov siab (cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog cov kab mob zoo sib xws pab kom pom cov duab kho mob thiab lawv cov etiology). Cov kab mob no muaj xws li pyoderma, streptoderma, staphyloderma, abscesses, phlegmon, boils thiab carbuncles. Cocci kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob pustular ntawm cov qib me, tsim ntau cov foci, pustules.
3. Kab mob nas tsuag, zuam, yoov thiab yoov tom. Hauv daim duab, kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm hom no zoo li eczema. Qhov no yog scabies, demodicoses, lawv mob siab rau thiab xav tau kev ntsuas ceev, ua rau muaj teeb meem.
4. Lichens yog cais raws li cov kab mob fungal. Lawv hom yog txawv heev: ntau xim, paj yeeb, tiaj tus, ringworm, herpes zoster. Lawv txawv ntawm kev kho mob thiab hauv kev kho mob.
5. Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau tshwm sim hauv seborrhea, pob txuv, folliculitis. Feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hormonal thiab tshwm sim ntau dua thaum puberty.
6. kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv taus kev kho mob, ib txwm mob ntev, nyuaj rau kuaj. Tej zaum yuav ua rau malignancy. Ntawm lawv, papillomas, warts, herpes, molluscum contagiosum yog feem ntau.
7. Allergic daim tawv nqaijCov kab mob, cov duab uas feem ntau qhia txog lawv qhov sib txawv, tsuas yog exacerbated los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog ib qho tsis haum. Kho tau.
8. mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov tseeb yog tsis tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov pathologies. Ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no yog melanoma, mob qog noj ntshav, basilioma.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm qhov mob ntawm lub cev. Lawv cov kev tshwm sim hauv zos tau kho tau zoo heev.

Visual manifestations

Ua ntej muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog ib daim duab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov luv luv ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov kab mob no.

1. Crusts - tsim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab, hlwv, lawv ntom ntom rau qhov kov, tham txog kev rov zoo. Feem ntau yog xim av xim av.
2. Nqaj - exfoliating particles ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
3. Cov pob (macules) - feem ntau liab, xim av lossis tsis muaj xim. Tsis txhob sawv saum daim tawv nqaij. Cov tsos mob ntawm toxidermia, dermatitis, syphilis, vitiligo. Pigmented chaw muaj xws li freckles, moles, thiab sunburn.
4. Papules - thaj chaw uas nce siab tshaj qib ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
5. Plaques yog papules merged ua ke.
6. Vesicles - vesicles nrog cov ntshav los yog cov ntsiab lus serous, lawv qhov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.5 cm. Qhov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsis haum dermatitis, eczema, herpes, kub hnyiab, kab mob khaub thuas, shingles.
7. Ntshai los yog pustule - lub vesicle nrog cov ntsiab lus purulent. Cov yam ntxwv rau furunculosis, impetigo, pob txuv, folliculitis, pyoderma.
8. Blister - zoo li lub npuas, tsa saum daim tawv nqaij,muaj qhov ntxhib saum npoo. tshwm sim nrog kev tsis haum tshuaj (urticaria), kab tom, nettle burns. ploj lawm yam tsis tau kho tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv.
9. Erythema - ib qho chaw tsa saum cov tawv nqaij, ci liab. Nws ntug yog sharply qhia. Erythema yog yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua xua rau zaub mov thiab tshuaj.
10. Lub nodule yog qhov tsim ntom ntom tsis muaj kab noj hniav, nws txawv ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm daim tawv nqaij xim. Nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 1 hli mus rau 3 cm. Hom kab mob, psoriasis, papillomas.

mob ntau yam

Nws yuav zoo rau txhua tus neeg kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob epidermis, thiab kom muaj lub tswv yim ntawm lawv li cas (raws li txoj cai, lawv ib txwm qhia hauv qab daim duab nrog daim tawv nqaij kab mob thiab cov npe, thiab ib co yam ntxwv kuj muab). Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov kab mob ntau tshaj plaws:

1. Pob txuv yog tshwm sim los ntawm o ntawm cov qog sebaceous. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub xub pwg nyom, hauv siab thiab nraub qaum, hauv 85% ntawm cov neeg hluas. Nov yog daim tawv nqaij ntau tshaj plaws.
2. Atopic dermatitis - nws cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog khaus. Ntau tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau qhuav, ua rau khaus ntawm cov epidermis. Feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev raug mob yog lub luj tshib thiab nraub qaum ntawm lub hauv caug. Yuav tau txais qub txeeg qub teg.
3. Pob txuv (pimples) kuj tshwm sim heev. Lawv kis tau yooj yim, tsis muaj caws pliav thiab nti, yog tias lawv tsis nyem tawm. Thaum kis tau, lawv tsim comedones thiab purulent ulcers. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsos yog blockage ntawm cov qog sebaceous tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev disormonal,malnutrition, tsis zoo tshuaj pleev ib ce.
4. Eczema yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua xua, cov tsos mob tshwm sim txawm tias thaum yau. Nrog tus kab mob no, daim tawv nqaij yuav o, muaj npuas, tev, yaig ntawm nws.
5. Khawv koob. Nws kis tau zoo heev, kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag. Nws yog manifested los ntawm redness nyob rau hauv me ntsis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem, nws muaj ib tug xim av xim raws ntug. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov me ntsis coarsen thiab ua npog nrog tawv crusts. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pob khaus tuaj tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw.
6. Herpes - tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw, mus txog qhov chaw mos. Feem ntau feem ntau muaj ib qho yooj yim - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov npuas thiab pob khaus ntawm daim di ncauj. Cov lesions tom qab crust over. tshwm sim nrog kev ntxhov siab, tshav kub kub, raug mob.
7. Melanoma - tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xim dub-xim av lossis lwm qhov chaw asymmetrical txog li 6 cm inch. Kev kho mob tsuas yog phais xwb (malignant thiab loj hlob sai).
8. kab mob. Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau pom ntawm tes yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob scabies. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv caj dab, ntawm lub hauv siab, qhov chaw mos. Kho tau zoo. Ua rau khaus khaus, cov kab mob ua pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
9. Pyoderma - thawj zaug tshwm sim los ntawm cov pob liab liab, lawv mob thiab khaus. Qhov kub thiab txias yuav nce. Nws yog nquag mus rau ib tug protracted chav kawm, qhov xwm yog kis. Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij zoo li no hauv cov menyuam yaus kuj tsis tshua muaj. Cov chav kawm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus rau kab mob. Kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav.
10. Psoriasis yog ib hom kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntev rau cov neeg laus, cov etiology uas tseem tsis tau paub meej. Xwmtsis kis kab mob. Nws tshwm raws li cov pob liab liab, tev tawm nrog cov nplai dawb-dawb. Nws tsis yog ib txwm kho kom zoo, feem ntau ua rau exacerbations.
11. Erysipelas yog kab mob kab mob. Lub tsom xam zoo li ib tug ntom redness nrog meej ciam teb. Feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm ob txhais ceg, ntsej muag. Muab cov tsos mob dav dav ua npaws, tsis xis nyob.
12. Urticaria - ib pob khaus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob khaus, nrog khaus hnyav, ntawm qhov tsis haum. Nco kuv txog kev kub nyhiab nettle. Txog li 40% ntawm cov pejxeem tau ntsib nws tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv lawv lub neej. Tej zaum yuav mob ntev mus txog 6-7 lub lis piam.
13. Pityriasis versicolor - tshwm sim los ntawm fungus, hais txog keratomycosis. Manifested nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv. Nws tau ua tsis tau haujlwm ntev ua ntej. Ntau cov pob liab liab tshwm rau ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev, maj mam tsaus rau xim av thiab tom qab ntawd ploj mus. Kev khaus thiab tev tuaj yeem raug sau ntau zaus (cov duab ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv cov neeg laus txhawb kom koj xav txog kev kho mob raws sijhawm).
14. Trichophytosis yog cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem sib sib zog nqus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua rau mob. Tus kab mob no kis tau, tuaj yeem ua rau sab nraud, suppurative thiab infiltrative. Ua ntej, liab los yog liab me ntsis tshwm, uas ces crust tshaj. Tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog suppuration.
15. Microsporia - zoo li trichophytosis, tab sis cov pob me me me. Feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm tawv taub hau. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau kis tau los ntawm cov tsiaj muaj mob.
16. Senile keratosis yog ib qho teeb meem rau cov neeg laus. Nws tsim los ntawm hyperinsolation. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij - cov pob txha thiab cov plaques, feem ntau xim av. Suavbenign tsim, tab sis muaj ib tug nyiam rau rebirth.
17. Hemangioma yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav uas tshwm sim hauv ib feem peb ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm lub ntsej muag, tab sis kuj ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub cev, ntawm lub taub hau. Yog vim li cas yog lub pathological kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Pom zoo li cov xim liab tsaus, tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
18. Papillomas - lawv zoo li kev loj hlob, lawv tsis txawv xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nco kuv ntawm warts. Kev tsim kho zoo uas tshwm sim thaum kev tiv thaiv txo qis tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kab mob hauv plab, kab mob ntev.
19. Molluscum contagiosum yog ib qho kab mob tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag. Lawv zoo li cov npuas uas muaj cov ntsiab lus teeb, tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob txhua qhov chaw, ntau zaus ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab lub cev.
20. Cov pob khaus khaus yog qhov tsis muaj kev tu cev ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv 70% ntawm cov neeg mob, uas cov niam txiv yuav tsum liam. Muaj xim liab, nrog rau khaus thiab mob.

Kev kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij pathologies

Kev kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ib txwm siv sijhawm ntev thiab ua tiav ntau theem. Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem tawm qhov ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim, nres qhov mob lossis atrophy, ua tiav kev rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm qhov ua rau kis tau:

• rau cov kab mob nws yog tshuaj tua kab mob (cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij);
• rau fungi - antimycotics;
• rau cov kab mob - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Kev ua xua ib txwm xav tau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (antihistamines). Keratolytics yog qhia rau keratosis thiab pob txuv.

txhawm rau txo qhov mob, kev kho mob hauv zos tau muab tshuaj - tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj ntxuav tshwj xeeb, cov neeg hais lus, gels thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntshav khiav thiab cov metabolism, cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua tshiab, tshuaj ntsuab, kho lub cev thiab homeopathy yog siv ib txhij nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov ntshav UV tau zoo, UHF, kev kho lub cev, lub cev qhwv thiab lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Rau txhua qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, enterosorbents pab tshem tawm toxins los ntawm lub cev (Polifepan, Laktofiltrum, Polysorb, Enterosgel, thiab lwm yam). Lawv tau kawm tag nrho cov chav kawm 2-3 lub lis piam.