Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj yog dab tsi?

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj yog dab tsi?
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj yog dab tsi?

Video: Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj yog dab tsi?

Video: Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj yog dab tsi?
Video: Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj mus txhaj koob tshuaj COVID-19 rau zaum ob (Hmong) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tshuaj muaj ntau dua li kev kho mob. Kev mob tshwm sim kuj yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev. Qhov kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj feem ntau yog ua raws li tshuaj lom neeg-lub cev sib cuam tshuam nrog lub cev receptors. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv. Lub siab txo qis, o qis, qhov mob ploj mus, tab sis raws plab tshwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li hauv qab no. Cov tshuaj reacts tsis tau tsuas yog nrog receptors paub nws, tab sis kuj kis thoob plaws lub cev nrog rau cov ntshav thiab yog li koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm lwm cov tshuaj pharmacological uas tsis tau muab rau thaum siv cov tshuaj no, uas ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam tshuaj muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - nws yog cov txiaj ntsig kho mob uas xav tau los ntawm nws qhov kev noj haus thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim, piv txwv li, tsis xav tau.tshuaj.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Yog li, qhov kev phiv ntawm cov tshuaj yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis xav tau lossis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev, uas yog tsim thaum siv tshuaj rau kev kho mob, kuaj mob, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob pathological.

Vials thiab syringe
Vials thiab syringe

Ib txoj hauv kev, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog ib txheej ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tsis tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev nrog rau cov tshuaj siv tshuaj uas xav tau thaum cov tshuaj siv hauv cov koob tshuaj tau txais. Cov kev mob tshwm sim, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas nws tus kheej noj tshuaj thiab tso cai ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau tso cai, nrog rau kev noj tshuaj uas, thaum siv ib txhij, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib leeg, yog li ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm cov tshuaj..

Leej twg txaus ntshai?

  1. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
  2. Cov neeg laus thiab hnub nyoog laus.
  3. Cov neeg muaj kab mob ntawm lub siab thiab lub raum. Cov tom kawg ua ib feem tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj, nrog rau lawv cov metabolites los ntawm lub cev. Nrog rau lub raum kev puas tsuaj, excretion yog nyuaj, thiab cov tshuaj sib sau, thaum lawv cov nyhuv toxic yog aggravated. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm malfunctions nyob rau hauv lub siab, lub deactivation ntawm cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg yog cuam tshuam.
  4. Cov neeg mob uas noj ntau yam tshuaj tib lub sijhawm. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem txhim kho ib leeg cov kev mob tshwm sim, thiab nws nyuaj heev los twv cov teebmeem no.

Kev faib tawm

Txhua yam kev mob tshwm simsubdivided rau hauv:

  • Predictable, i.e. nrog ib lub tsev kho mob. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal yog nce ntshav siab. Thiab cov tsos mob xws li qaug zog, mob taub hau, hloov hauv lub plawv dhia yog ib txwm muaj rau ntau pawg tshuaj.
  • Tsis tau. Lawv tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj thiab feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm pathogenesis tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

  • concomitant pharmacological tsis xav tau;
  • ua xua;
  • drug-dependent;
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv;
  • tsis yog tshuaj cuam tshuam.
Mob plab
Mob plab

Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev thiab hauv zos, los ntawm qhov tshwm sim - tsis ncaj thiab ncaj qha. Mob hnyav:

  • Luag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua kom tiav cov tshuaj los yog kev kho tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj noj.
  • Medium. Kev kho mob tau ua tiav thiab tus neeg mob tau xaiv lwm yam tshuaj.
  • Hav. Muaj kev hem thawj rau tus neeg mob txoj sia.
  • Luag.

Ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo

yam uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij:

  1. Tsis hais txog tshuaj. Cov no suav nrog: muaj keeb kwm ua xua hauv tus neeg mob, qee yam ntawm kev xeeb tub, poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, tus cwj pwm phem, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
  2. Nyoblos ntawm kev noj tshuaj. Cov no yog txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tswj hwm, kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj, pharmacokinetic thiab pharmacodynamic nta.

Lub cev twg muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv tshuaj?

Thaum siv cov tshuaj hauv qhov ncauj los yog qhov ncauj, cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog hnov los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Lawv manifest:

  • Stomatitis.
  • Kev rhuav tshem cov hniav enamel.
  • Pab mob plab.
  • Bloating.
  • Ntaus.
  • x

  • Poob qab los.
  • Irritation ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias. Cov nyhuv ulcerogenic tau sau tseg thaum noj tshuaj hormonal, tshuaj tsis-steroidal anti-inflammatory, qee pawg tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus feem ntau ploj mus thaum noj tshuaj.

Cov kabmob tom ntej uas cuam tshuam yog ob lub raum thiab lub siab. Cov tom kawg raug kev txom nyem ua ntej los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj, vim nws yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv plab. Nws undergoes biotransformation ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tsim cov metabolites. Los ntawm ob lub raum, cov khoom lwj thiab cov tshuaj lawv tus kheej, uas tsis hloov pauv, raug tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, lawv dhau los ua tshuaj lom.

Tshuaj uas tuaj yeem hla cov hlab ntshav-hlwb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb thiab ua rau cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv qab no:

  • reardation;
  • kiv taub hau;
  • malfunction;
  • taub haumob.
Mob taub hau
Mob taub hau

Kev siv ntev ntev ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm parkinsonism thiab kev nyuaj siab. Cov tshuaj uas txo cov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntshai tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus neeg txoj kev mus. Qee pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob cuam tshuam rau lub vestibular apparatus, nrog rau cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Ib qho teeb meem txaus ntshai yog anemia thiab leukopenia. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no yog provoked los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis, cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal anti-inflammatory thiab qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Kev tsis haum tshuaj raws li kev phiv tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub sijhawm ntawm kev tswj hwm lossis kev noj tshuaj tsis muaj teeb meem. Hauv qee cov neeg mob, txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj heev, thaum lwm tus, noj tib cov tshuaj hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tau tso cai txhua hnub yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis lawv yuav tsis tsim nyog. Qhov hnyav ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, ntawm no yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

  • tus neeg intolerance rau cov khoom uas tsim cov tshuaj;
  • rhiab rau ib pab pawg lossis cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb;
  • kev taw qhia;
  • noj tshuaj ntau ntau;
  • siv tshuaj tau ntev;
  • siv tib lub sijhawm siv ntau yam tshuaj.

hom kev tsis haum tshuaj

Cov tshuaj tib yam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj sib txawv, thiab tib yamCov tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Cov hom kev ua xua hauv qab no raug sau tseg:

  • Reaginic. Cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim: urticaria, anaphylactic shock, kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchial hawb pob. Tsim los ntawm kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm qee pawg tshuaj tua kab mob, kev npaj kho mob immunobiological (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis cov ntshav), cov vitamins B.
  • YCytotoxic. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj los yog nws cov metabolite nrog cov ntshav, thrombocytopenia, anemia, thiab agranulocytosis tsim.
  • Immunocomplex. Muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg tsim, ua rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nephritis, anaphylactic shock thiab serum mob.
  • Nyob rau siab ntso. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tom ntej, tom qab 24-48 teev, kev ua xua tshwm sim raws li hom kev kuaj tuberculin. Raws li qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj, lawv txawv: mob, subacute thiab ncua. Thawj qhov tshwm sim sai heev lossis tsis pub dhau 60 feeb tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj thiab pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm urticaria, anaphylactic shock, kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchospasm. Qhov thib ob thiab thib peb tsim ob peb teev lossis hnub tom qab siv cov tshuaj thiab qhia los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, ntshav, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm daim siab, ob lub raum, lub plawv thiab lub ntsws.

Cov tshuaj tsis haum ntau tshaj plaws

Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov no yog dab tsi? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog Quincke's edema lossis angioedema thiab urticaria. Thawj yog manifested los ntawm o ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias,dermis thiab cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous. Nrog rau qhov kawg, khaus tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlwv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd lawv sib koom ua ke thiab tsim ib qho chaw loj heev.

Urticaria ntawm caj npab
Urticaria ntawm caj npab

Ib qho ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj yog kev ua xua rau lub dermis. Cov pob khaus tuaj yeem yog ib leeg, thiab qee zaus, kev txhim kho Lyell's syndrome lossis toxic epidermal necrolysis, ib tus neeg muaj tus kab mob ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob liab liab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los yog nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv lub cev.

Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj

Lawv qhov tsos yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam:

  • Ntau dhau. Thaum muab tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv cov koob tshuaj kom raug. Piv txwv li, hauv kev xyaum menyuam yaus, nws raug xam raws li qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam lub cev. Rau cov neeg laus, cov koob tshuaj tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv kho mob feem ntau suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 60-70 kg. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tsim nyog, nws yuav tsum tau muab xam. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej pathological, tus kws kho mob tau sau ntau qhov kev tso cai txhua hnub rau tus neeg mob. Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog them los ntawm kev noj lwm yam tshuaj.
  • kab mob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev, cov tshuaj sib sau ua ke hauv lub cev thiab, vim li ntawd, lawv cov concentration nce ntxiv, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj hauv qhov qis dua.
  • Hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Txhua pawg hnub nyoog yuav tsum tau ceev fajxaiv cov tshuaj kho mob.
  • Kev xeeb tub. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, tag nrho cov tshuaj kws kho mob yuav tsum tau pom zoo siv raws li cov lus qhia, txwv tsis pub muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau tus menyuam hauv plab.
  • Tshuaj kho mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Kev noj haus tsis raug ua rau lawv cov concentration thiab provokes cov nyhuv tshuaj lom, piv txwv li intoxication ntawm lub cev.
  • Tshuaj yog kev sib koom ua ke. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev siv tshuaj uas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib leeg ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej cawv uas muaj cawv ua ke nrog kev noj tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem loj. Qee cov zaub mov thiab hnub ci kuj yog qhov ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum noj qee pawg tshuaj. Piv txwv li, haus luam yeeb, nqaij, ntses, legumes, cheese khoom thiab cawv yuav tsum raug cais tawm thaum kho nrog Furazolidone. Thaum noj tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm fluoroquinolone thiab tetracycline series, nrog rau sulfonamides, hnub ci yog contraindicated.

Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo tshwm sim thaum ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm kev txais neeg kawm, noj tsis txaus, siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj tshuaj kho mob, nrog rau kev kho mob mus ntev.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog:

  • YDysbacteriosis. Nws tshwm sim tau yooj yim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau zaus thiab ntev. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, prebiotics nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj los yog cov khoom yog muab ib txhij nrog cov tshuaj no. Lawv yogtiv thaiv microflora ntawm lub cev thiab txhawb kev tsim cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
  • Kev tsis haum. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsis haum tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau sau tseg, uas tau noj tsis pub dhau peb caug feeb ua ntej noj tshuaj tua kab mob.
  • Cov kab mob lom ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Cov nyhuv no tsawg kawg nkaus hauv cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg penicillin, nrog rau cephalosporins thib ob thiab thib peb tiam. Thaum noj lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob siab, hepatoprotectors raug tshuaj los txo cov teeb meem ntawm nws. Kev txais tos ntawm aminoglycosides tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm qhov hnov lus thiab tsis pom kev, ua rau muaj kev tso zis tsis zoo. Thaum kho nrog fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines thiab sulfonamides, nws yog txwv tsis pub mus da dej.

Dab tsi tshwm sim, dhau li ntawm cov saum toj no, puas muaj? Qhov no yog raws plab lossis cem quav, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, plab hnyuv, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, "Levomitsetin" cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau hematopoiesis, "Gentamicin" - ntawm ob lub raum, thiab "Tetracycline" - ntawm daim siab. Nrog rau kev kho mob mus sij hawm ntev nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab tshuaj los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob fungal.

Tshuaj tua kab mob
Tshuaj tua kab mob

Tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab mob, txhawm rau kho cov hnyuv microflora, nws raug nquahu kom kho nrog cov tshuaj probiotics, thiab txhawb kev noj zaub mov nrog fermented mis nyuj cov khoom uas muaj bifidobacteria.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo tom qab noj tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus

Cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov menyuam mos tau tshwm sim hauvTom ntej:

  • mob plab hnyuv. Xws li ib tug mob tshwm sim los ntawm flatulence, uas ua rau mob nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam lub plab mog, raws plab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua ntsuab xim nrog fecal mucus, los yog, conversely, cem quav.
  • Ua txhaum ntawm microflora lossis dysbacteriosis. Cov txheej txheem digestion cuam tshuam. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim zoo ib yam li yav dhau los.
  • Kev tsis haum. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm urticaria, ua npaws, thiab thaum mob hnyav, Quincke's edema lossis Lyell's syndrome yog ua tau.
  • Kev tiv thaiv qis dua. Hauv qhov no, kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim nrog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.
menyuam thiab tshuaj
menyuam thiab tshuaj

Yog tias leej niam laus noj tshuaj tua kab mob, ces cov kev mob tshwm sim tom qab noj lawv yuav cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam. Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev kho mob tsuas yog ua tau raws li tus kws kho mob cov tshuaj uas yuav tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv.

Kev tiv thaiv kev phiv tshuaj

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws qee cov cai:

  • Xaiv cov koob tshuaj kom zoo nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Piav rau tus neeg mob txog qhov muaj peev xwm tsim tau tus mob tshem tawm thaum noj qee yam tshuaj.
  • Thaum muab tshuaj, coj mus rau hauv tus account nws cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj.
  • Xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam tshuaj thaum muab tshuaj ua ke. Kom meej meej tswj lub ncua sij hawm ntawm koob tshuaj.
  • Nco ntsoov tias polypharmacy ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev phiv tshuaj.
  • Yog tias ua tau, tsis suav nrog kev txhaj tshuajtxoj kev ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj, txij li tom qab txhaj tshuaj, cov kev phiv tshwm sim ntau dua.
  • Ua raws li tus kheej txoj hauv kev thaum sau tshuaj kho mob, suav nrog tus neeg mob cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau biotransformation ntawm cov tshuaj.
  • Ceeb toom cov neeg mob kom tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, haus cawv thiab haus kas fes thaum kho.
  • Sau tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li xav tau los tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem.

Nyob hauv kaw

Cov teebmeem tshwm sim nrog txhua yam tshuaj, tab sis lawv tsis tshwm sim hauv txhua tus neeg. Cov kev phiv tshwm sim yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug neeg rhiab heev (ntau los yog tsawg) rau cov tshuaj. Lawv cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, caj ces, txoj kev ua neej, tus cwj pwm phem, cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab lwm yam. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo hauv cov neeg laus yog ob mus rau peb npaug ntau dua li cov tub ntxhais hluas.

Cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub hlwv
Cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub hlwv

Lawv tiv thaiv yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm kws kho mob lossis kws muag tshuaj, kab lis kev cai kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob, tus cwj pwm lub luag haujlwm rau kev noj qab haus huv, ua raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Kev mob tshwm sim yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm pharmacotherapy. Thiab lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho tshuaj. Nrog rau txoj kev tshaj lij thiab ceev faj thaum siv tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis xav tau tuaj yeem zam lossis txo qis hauv 70-80% ntawm tus neeg mob.

Pom zoo: