Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev puas tsuaj sab nraud, hu ua kev tiv thaiv. Qhov muaj zog, muaj zog tiv thaiv lub zog, tus neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv. Muaj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb, txhua yam tseem ceeb sib npaug. Txhawm rau kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob, kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog tas li. Kev tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nws rov ua dua tshiab tshwm sim thoob plaws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv kom meej ntau npaum li cas tshwj xeeb thiab nonspecific kev tiv thaiv raug tsim. Yuav tsum ua li cas thiaj li tiv tau nws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv lub sijhawm?
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
Ob qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb pib tsim los ntawm cov qia hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lawv txoj kev sib txawv: qhov tsis tshwj xeeb xa nws cov hlwb mus rau tus po, txoj kev tshwj xeeb - mus rau thymus lossis thymus caj pas. Muaj txhua tus ntawm lawv tig mus rau hauvcov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb tau ua lawv txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv. Qhov ntau cov kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib ntsib ntawm nws txoj kev, ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws muaj los tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob. Nov yog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug yog vim li cas cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev, pampered yuav mob ntau dua li cov neeg loj hlob hauv qhov, hauv huab cua ntshiab.
Tau txais (tshwj xeeb) kev tiv thaiv yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev tsis txhob hnov qab qee yam kab mob, nws raug tsim thoob plaws lub neej. Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj tau muab faib ua ob hom: nquag thiab passive. Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tsim tau li cas? Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog txuam nrog phagocytosis. Nws tshwm sim tom qab muaj mob yav dhau los lossis thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum cov kab mob tsis muaj zog thiab cov kab mob tau qhia. Thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntsib cov kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tsim. Ib qho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm tib cov kab mob yuav kis mus rau hauv daim ntawv me me lossis hla lub cev tag nrho. Antibodies twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev sai neutralize yeeb ncuab.
Passive tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv
Rau qhov tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv npaj tau tsim tawm rau hauv lub cev. Yog li, piv txwv li, antidiphtheria serum yog siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kev pub niam mis, nrog rau niam cov kua mis, tus me nyuam twb tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas npaj txhij.
Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib tus kab mob tshwj xeeb. Yog li, piv txwv li, nws tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoovtias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav, lawv txoj haujlwm nquag, tiv thaiv kab mob nyob ntawm seb lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
Kev tsim ntawm nonspecific nrog rau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog txuam nrog phagocytosis. Innate (tsis yog tshwj xeeb) tiv thaiv kab mob kis rau peb los ntawm cov niam txiv nrog cov noob, nws ua rau 60% ntawm tag nrho peb cov kev tiv thaiv.
Phagocytes yog cov hlwb uas nqus cov kab mob alien rau peb. Tsim los ntawm cov qia hlwb, "kev qhia" tshwm sim hauv tus po, uas lawv kawm paub txog cov neeg txawv txawv.
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab yooj yim: nws ntes cov antigens thiab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj tshwj xeeb yog lub peev xwm los tua thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav.
Kev tiv thaiv li cas hauv peb lub cev
Ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov kab mob microbes, peb cov tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias yog thawj qhov thaiv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv txhua yam, lawv kuj muaj cov kab mob bactericidal, muab tias lawv tsis puas. Kev tiv thaiv yog muab los ntawm secrets ntawm sebaceous thiab hws qog. Piv txwv li, tom qab 15 feeb, thaum sib cuag nrog cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob typhoid fever tuag. Mucous secretions yog secreted, uas yog heev detrimental rau microbes.
Yog tias cov kab mob muaj kab mob loj heev lossis lawv qhov kev tawm tsam loj heev, cov mucosal thiab tawv nqaij ua rau tsis txaus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kab mob thiab kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Inflammation tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas complex mechanisms ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog qhib. Leukocytes, phagocytes raug coj mus ua haujlwm, cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb (immunoglobulin, interferon) raug tsim los tawm tsam "tus yeeb ncuab". Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tau qhib, uas tsim cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov ua tau zoo thiab ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav nyob ntawm seb cov kab mob puas tau mus xyuas lub cev. Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog muab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm. Cov kab mob paub yuav raug puas tsuaj sai. Yog tias tseem tsis tau muaj kev sib tsoo, lub cev xav tau sijhawm los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam "tus yeeb ncuab tshiab" uas tsis paub zoo.
qauv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog muab los ntawm lymphocytes hauv ib txoj hauv kev: humoral lossis cellular. Tag nrho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog sawv cev raws li ib tug complex ntawm lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lymphoid lub cev. Related here:
- pob txha pob txha;
- spleen;
- thymus;
- lymph nodes.
Kuj suav nrog hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob:
- nasopharyngeal tonsils;
- lymphoid plaques hauv txoj hnyuv;
- lymphoid nodules nyob rau hauv lub mucosa ntawm lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av, urogenital ib ntsuj av, ua pa raj;
- lymphoid diffuse ntaub so ntswg;
- cov kab mob lymphoid;
- interepitheliallymphocytes.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem hu ua lymphoid cells thiab macrophages. Lymphoid organs yog "warehouses" rau lymphoid cells.
Dab tsi ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog
Vim li cas tus neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog? Lub cev poob nws cov khoom tiv thaiv vim muaj ntau yam, uas suav nrog:
- malnutrition, tsis muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals;
- kev siv tshuaj hormonal thiab tshuaj tua kab mob;
- kev ntxhov siab ntev thiab qaug zog;
- cuam tshuam ntawm qhov xwm txheej hluav taws xob, huab cua muaj kuab paug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem txo qis tom qab kev phais, tshuaj loog, nrog rau cov ntshav poob loj, kub hnyiab, raug mob, intoxication thiab kis kab mob, nrog rau mob khaub thuas, mob ntev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv yog tshwm sim tom qab SARS thiab mob khaub thuas.
Cais, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog kev tiv thaiv menyuam yaus. Thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam, muaj tsib theem thaum kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem poob mus rau theem tseem ceeb:
- hnub nyoog mus txog 30 hnub;
- 3 rau 6 lub hlis;
- 2 xyoos;
- xyoo 4 txog 6;
- ntxhais hluas.
Hauv kev kho menyuam yaus, tseem muaj lub tswv yim ntawm FCI (cov menyuam yaus mob nquag), qhov no suav nrog cov menyuam mos uas poob mob plaub zaug hauv ib xyoos lossis ntau dua.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb.
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog ntxiv dag zog yog tias qhov kev tiv thaiv tag nrho ntawm lub cev nce ntxiv. Raws li txoj cai, thaum lawv hais tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lawv txhais tau hais tias tsis yog daim ntawv tshwj xeeb. Yuav siv li cas:
- ua raws li txoj haujlwm niaj hnub;
- khoom noj khoom haus puv - cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov zaub mov xav tau, vitamins, amino acids;
- kev ua si, ua kom lub cev tawv;
- noj tshuaj uas ntxiv dag zog thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev, xws li beta-carotene;
Tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau zaus, ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov ntawv sau ntawv nkaus xwb.
Txhim kho (tsim) ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws ua lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv txhua yam kab mob. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog, thaum cov kab mob tsis muaj zog tau qhia, lub cev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd raug coj mus rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv tus kabmob. Yog li ntawd, lub cev teb rau lwm yam kab mob yog tsis muaj zog ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nce thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv kab mob. Txwv tsis pub, muaj feem yuav kis tus kab mob sai sai.
Lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv txhua "kev ntxeem tau" feem ntau nyob ntawm yam xws li hnub nyoogtus neeg. Piv txwv li, kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus me nyuam yug tshiab tsuas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau kis mus rau nws los ntawm nws niam, yog li thaum me nyuam mos muaj ntau yam kab mob. Nws tau ntev dhau los ua kev cai tsis txhob qhia tus menyuam rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws hauv thawj lub hlis thiab tsis txhob coj nws tawm hauv tsev txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb antigens. Hauv cov neeg laus, kev ua haujlwm ntawm thymus caj pas txo qis, yog li lawv feem ntau dhau los ua kev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob. Thaum xaiv immunocorrection, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hnub nyoog no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm ib tus kab mob tshwj xeeb. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob ua kom tsis muaj zog. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kab mob, tab sis nws pab qhib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau tus kab mob no.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim, nrog rau cov kev mob tshwm sim me me hauv daim ntawv me. Qhov no yog ib txwm, tsis txhob ntshai. Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj zog, cov kab mob ntev feem ntau zuj zus tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim hais tias lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb raug coj mus rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj. Cov me nyuam noj qab haus huv teb zoo dua, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis pub tshaj 2%. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj lub cev, normalize nonspecific tiv thaiv. Rau qhov no, tag nrho cov kev ntsuas tau piav qhia saum toj no yuav ua.
