Radiotherapy hauv oncology yog ib txoj hauv kev kho cov kab mob qog siv hluav taws xob ionizing. Nws qhov kev tshwm sim muaj tsawg dua li cov txiaj ntsig uas nws coj los tawm tsam cov qog. Hom kev kho no yog siv los kho ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav.
Radiotherapy (radiotherapy) yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas siv cov kwj ntawm hluav taws xob ionized. Cov no tuaj yeem yog gamma rays, beta rays, lossis x-rays. Xws li cov duab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov qauv, kev hloov pauv thiab, thaum kawg, kev tuag. Txawm hais tias raug hluav taws xob ionized yog teeb meem rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv hauv lub cev, lawv tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob, ua rau lawv muaj sia nyob txawm tias raug. Hauv oncology, kev kho hluav taws xob muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem qog nqaij hlav thiab ua kom qeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog malignant. Oncology tom qab kev kho hluav taws xob ua rau muaj teeb meem tsawg dua, vim muaj ntau qhov kev txhim kho ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob.
Nrog rau kev phais thiab tshuaj khomob, kev kho hluav taws xob ua kom nws ua tiavrov zoo ntawm cov neeg mob. Txawm hais tias kev kho hluav taws xob qee zaum siv los ua kev kho mob ib leeg, nws feem ntau siv ua ke nrog lwm yam kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Kev kho hluav taws xob hauv oncology (kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg mob feem ntau yog qhov zoo) tam sim no tau dhau los ua qhov chaw kho mob cais.
hom tshuaj tua kab mob
Kev kho tej thaj chaw deb yog ib hom kev kho mob uas muaj hluav taws xob nyob sab nraum tus neeg mob lub cev, ntawm qee qhov deb. Kev kho tej thaj chaw deb tuaj yeem ua ntej los ntawm kev suav tomography, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm npaj thiab simulate kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv peb sab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua rau cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qog nrog rays.
Brachytherapy yog ib txoj kev kho hluav taws xob uas cov hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov qog lossis hauv nws cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig taw tes, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Txhawm rau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, hauv kev npaj rau kev kho hluav taws xob, qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob raug suav thiab npaj.
Side effects
Kev kho hluav taws xob hauv oncology, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus neeg xav tau ntev, tseem tuaj yeem cawm tau txoj sia.
Cov lus teb ntawm txhua tus neeg rau kev kho hluav taws xob yog tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev phivuas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim yog heev nyuaj rau kwv yees. Nov yog cov tsos mob tshwm sim:
- Poob qab los. Cov neeg mob feem ntau yws yws ntawm kev qab los noj mov tsis zoo. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum noj zaub mov me me, tab sis feem ntau. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev noj haus yog tias tsis qab los noj mov tuaj yeem tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Lub cev tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob xav tau lub zog thiab cov khoom noj.
- Ntaus. Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev poob qab los noj mov yog xeev siab. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob hauv lub plab kab noj hniav. Qhov no kuj yuav ua rau ntuav. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ceeb toom txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim ntawd. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj antiemetics.
- Zoo plab. Mob plab feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob. Thaum muaj mob raws plab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum haus dej kom ntau li ntau tau los tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej. Cov tsos mob no kuj yuav tsum tau qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob.
- Tsis muaj zog. Thaum lub sijhawm kho hluav taws xob, cov neeg mob txo qis lawv cov haujlwm, muaj kev tsis txaus siab thiab tsis xis nyob. Qhov teeb meem no tau ntsib los ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob uas tau kawm txog kev kho hluav taws xob. Kev mus ntsib hauv tsev kho mob, uas yuav tsum tau ua ib ntus, yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg mob. Rau lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob npaj tej yam uas tshem tawm lub cev thiab kev coj ncaj ncees, koj yuav tsum tso lub sijhawm siab tshaj plaws rau so.
- teeb meem tawv nqaij. 1-2 lub lis piam tom qab pib ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob, cov tawv nqaij hauv cheeb tsamraug hluav taws xob, nws pib tig liab thiab tev tawm. Qee zaum cov neeg mob yws ntawm khaus thiab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj pleev (raws li kev pom zoo ntawm ib tug radiologist), Panthenol aerosol, cream thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce rau tus me nyuam daim tawv nqaij, thiab tsis kam tshuaj pleev ib ce. Kev rub cov tawv nqaij khaus khaus yog txwv tsis pub. Qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas muaj qhov khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej txias, ib ntus tsis kam da dej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los cawm cov tawv nqaij los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha thiab hnav khaub ncaws siv cov ntaub ntuj tsim. Cov kauj ruam no yuav pab txo cov tawv nqaij khaus thiab txo qhov mob.
Txo cov kev mob tshwm sim
Tom qab koj txoj kev kho hluav taws xob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov lus pom zoo rau koj txog kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv tsev, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm koj rooj plaub, txhawm rau txo qis cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Txhua tus uas paub txog kev kho hluav taws xob hauv oncology, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev kho mob no kuj paub zoo. Cov neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob kho mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsum ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo, txhawb kev kho kom zoo thiab sim txhim kho lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb:
- Ntau sij hawm so thiab pw tsaug zog. Kev kho mob yuav tsum muaj ntau lub zog ntxiv, thiab koj tuaj yeem yuag sai. Lub xeev tsis muaj zog qee zaum yuav kav ntev li 4-6 lub lis piam tom qab kev kho mob tas lawm.
- Nyob zoo los tiv thaiv kev poob phaus.
- Tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws nruj nrognruj dab tshos los yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw raug. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov khaub ncaws qub uas koj nyiam.
- Nco ntsoov qhia koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam tshuaj uas koj noj kom nws thiaj li suav tau qhov no rau hauv kev kho mob.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob yog los muab kev cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov qog tsim, tsawg kawg cuam tshuam rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov no, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws nraim qhov twg cov txheej txheem qog nyob rau hauv thiaj li hais tias cov kev taw qhia thiab qhov tob ntawm cov nqaj yuav ua tiav lawv cov hom phiaj. Qhov chaw no hu ua lub tshav hluav taws xob. Thaum cov chaw taws teeb irradiation tau ua tiav, daim ntawv lo yog siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm cov hluav taws xob raug. Txhua qhov chaw nyob sib ze thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus txhuas. Qhov kev sib kho thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob ua haujlwm yuav kav ntev li ob peb feeb, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev sib tham no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob ntawm seb cov qog thiab hom qog hlwb. Thaum lub sijhawm sib tham, tus neeg mob tsis muaj kev tsis xis nyob. Thaum tus txheej txheem, tus neeg mob nyob ib leeg hauv chav. Tus kws kho mob tswj cov txheej txheem los ntawm lub qhov rais tshwj xeeb lossis siv lub koob yees duab video, nyob hauv chav tom ntej.
Raws li hom neoplasm, kev kho hluav taws xob yog siv los ua txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev kho mob, lossis yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev kho mob ua ke nrog kev phais lossis tshuaj khomob. Kev kho hluav taws xob yog sivhauv zos rau lub hom phiaj ntawm irradiating qee qhov ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau, nws ua rau muaj qhov txo qis hauv qhov loj ntawm cov qog lossis ua rau muaj kev kho tiav.
Duration
Lub sijhawm uas suav nrog kev kho hluav taws xob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, koob tshuaj thiab cov qauv siv hluav taws xob. Gamma therapy feem ntau kav 6-8 lub lis piam. Thaum lub sijhawm no, tus neeg mob tswj hwm 30-40 cov txheej txheem. Feem ntau, kev kho hluav taws xob tsis tas yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Qee qhov kev qhia xav tau kev kho hluav taws xob hauv tsev kho mob.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob thiab koob tshuaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha nyob ntawm hom kab mob thiab qib ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob nrog intracavitary irradiation kav ntev npaum li cas. Nws yuav muaj tsawg dua kev kho mob thiab tsis tshua muaj sijhawm ntev tshaj plaub hnub.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Kev kho hluav taws xob hauv oncology yog siv los kho cov qog ntawm ib qho etiology.
Nrog lawv:
- brain cancer;
- mob qog noj ntshav mis;
- mob qog noj ntshav;
- laryngeal cancer;
- ntsws cancer;
- mob qog noj ntshav pancreatic;
- mob qog noj ntshav prostate;
- kab mob qog nqaij hlav;
- daim tawv nqaij mob cancer;
- cov ntaub so ntswg sarcoma;
- mob plab.
Irradiation yog siv los kho cov qog ntshav qog ntshav thiab leukemia.
Qee zaum, kev kho mob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab los ua kev tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj pov thawj tias mob qog noj ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no yog los tiv thaivmob qog noj ntshav.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Radiation koob tshuaj yog tus nqi ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob absorbed los ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Yav dhau los, rad yog qhov ntsuas ntsuas rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Grey tam sim no ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj no. 1 Grey sib npaug 100 rads.
Cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv yuav tiv taus cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Yog li, lub siab muaj peev xwm tiv taus yuav luag ob zaug ntau dua li cov hluav taws xob ntau npaum li lub raum. Yog tias tag nrho cov koob tshuaj tau muab faib ua ntu thiab irradiated rau lub cev cuam tshuam hnub tom qab hnub, qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab txo cov nqaij mos noj qab haus huv.
Kev npaj khomob
Ntawm oncologist paub txhua yam txog kev kho hluav taws xob hauv oncology.
Muaj ntau hom hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hauv cov kws kho mob cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, kev npaj kho mob kom raug yog tus yuam sij rau kev rov zoo.
Hauv kev kho hluav taws xob sab nraud, tus kws kho mob oncologist siv simulation los nrhiav thaj chaw kho. Hauv kev simulation, tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj thiab tus kws kho mob txhais ib lossis ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj hluav taws xob. Thaum lub sijhawm simulation, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua CT scan lossis lwm yam kev kuaj mob los txiav txim siab qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hluav taws xob.
Irradiation zones raug cim nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb qhia txog kev taw qhia ntawm hluav taws xob.
Raws li hom kev kho hluav taws xob xaiv, tus neeg mob tau muab cov corsets tshwj xeeb uas pab kho ntau yam ntawm lub cev, tshem tawm lawv txoj kev txav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qee lub sij hawm siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los pab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ze.
BRaws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev simulation, cov kws kho hluav taws xob yuav txiav txim siab txog qhov xav tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa khoom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm ntu.
Kev noj haus
Cov lus qhia noj zaub mov yuav pab koj zam lossis txo cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob. Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho hluav taws xob hauv lub plab thiab plab. Kev kho hluav taws xob thiab kev noj haus rau oncology muaj ntau yam nta.
Koj yuav tsum haus dej kom ntau, txog li 12 khob ib hnub. Yog tias cov kua muaj suab thaj ntau, nws yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej.
Cov zaub mov yog feem ntau, 5-6 zaug hauv ib hnub hauv koob me me. Cov zaub mov yuav tsum yooj yim zom: cov khoom noj uas muaj coarse fibers, lactose thiab rog yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li kev noj haus rau lwm 2 lub lis piam tom qab kho. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem maj mam qhia cov zaub mov uas muaj fiber ntau: mov, txiv tsawb, kua txiv apple, puree.
Rehab
Kev siv hluav taws xob kho mob cuam tshuam rau cov qog thiab cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb uas sib faib sai (cov qog nqaij hlav, tawv nqaij, pob txha pob txha). Irradiation tsim cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev uas tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev.
Kev ua haujlwm tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev los kho cov kab mob hluav taws xob ntau lub hom phiaj kom nws tsuas cuam tshuam cov qog hlwb. Gamma Riam tau qhia los kho mob taub hau thiab caj dab. Nws muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qog me me.
Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hluav taws xob mus rau ntau qib. Mob, o,xeev siab, ntuav, plaub hau poob, anemia - cov tsos mob zoo li no thaum kawg ua rau kev kho hluav taws xob hauv oncology. Kev kho mob thiab kho cov neeg mob rov qab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov teeb meem loj.
Rau kev kho kom rov zoo, tus neeg mob xav tau so, pw tsaug zog, huab cua ntshiab, noj zaub mov zoo, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob.
Ntxiv rau cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tsim los ntawm kev mob hnyav thiab kev kho mob hnyav, cov neeg mob muaj kev nyuaj siab. Nws yog feem ntau tsim nyog los koom nrog kev sib tham nrog tus kws kho mob hlwb ua ib feem ntawm kev ntsuas kev kho mob. Tag nrho cov haujlwm no yuav pab kov yeej cov teeb meem uas kev kho hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim hauv oncology. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem hais txog cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov txheej txheem, txawm tias muaj kev phiv.
