Ntau zaus, tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg (lossis tus kws kho mob hauv lwm qhov tshwj xeeb) tau sau cov ntshav kuaj cov roj cholesterol. Nws yog qhov ntsuas no, ua ke nrog cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 45 xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm peb nkag siab tias cov roj cholesterol yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws nyob hauv lub cev. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav sim txiav txim siab: qhov kev sib xyaw no yog dab tsi, dab tsi yog cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol yuav tsum nyob hauv cov ntshav.
Cov cholesterol yog dab tsi
Cov roj (cholesterol) lossis, raws li nws tau raug hu ua ntau dua, cov roj (cholesterol) yog lipid (rog),
uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Xws li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog vim nws nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cell membranes. Nws yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los ntawm cov tshuaj steroid thiab cov tshuaj hormones poj niam ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) zoo li no tsis yog rau tib neeg lub cev xwb, tab sis kuj rau tsiaj thiab qee cov nroj tsuag.
Leej twg, lub npe ntawm cov khoom no muaj ob lo lus: "chole" - bile thiab "steros" - khoom. Lub npe no yog vim li casib tug siab concentration ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib, raws li zoo raws li lub peev xwm los yooj yim tsim ib tug precipitate, uas yog thawj zaug tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis.
Y Tus nqi ntawm cov roj cholesterol rau lub cev
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nws tsim nyog sau cia lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj cholesterol ua cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cell membranes. Nws muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab xaiv
permeability ntawm cell membrane rau ntau yam, ob qho tib si muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis zoo. Cov roj (cholesterol) yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj steroid thiab kev sib deev (cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, testosterone). Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua tsib thiab koom nrog hauv kev thauj cov fatty acids mus rau daim siab ua ib feem ntawm chylomicrons. Kev tsim cov vitamin D yog txhawb los ntawm tshav ntuj, nrog rau cov roj cholesterol txaus hauv cov ntshav. Cov paj hlwb, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov compound - sphingomyelin, yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv muaj cov cholesterol.
Daim Ntawv Thauj Tsheb
Kev xa cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ib feem ntawm 3 hom lipoproteins. Lipoprotein lus txhais ua "fatty protein", yog ib qho tshwj xeeb thauj khoom uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim siab.
Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) nqa fatty acids, glycerol, cholesterol mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg adipose thiab tag nrho cov kabmob. Lub npe no yog vim qhov tsawg feem pua ntawm cov roj cholesterol nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cab kuj protein nrog ib tug predominance ntawm yooj yim lipids. Tom qabThaum cov ntaub so ntswg mus txog lipoproteins, fatty acids tau pauv, thiab cov txheeb ze ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov cab kuj nce. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua low-density lipoprotein (LDL), vim nws yog "hnyav" nyob rau hauv molecular hnyav. Daim ntawv no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab hu ua "cov roj (cholesterol) phem". Tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis nrog tag nrho cov teeb meem tshwm sim nyob ntawm nws qhov ntau thiab lub sij hawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha. High-density lipoproteins (HDL), uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau lawv mus ntes cov roj cholesterol, yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob protein. Lawv nqa cov roj (cholesterol) rov qab mus rau lub siab, qhov uas nws tau tawm hauv cov kua tsib.
Lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb yog triglycerides, lossis cov rog uas twb tau hais lawm. Txawm hais tias lawv cov concentration tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txhim kho atherosclerosis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lipomatosis (lipid degeneration ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev).
Tus qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav yog dab tsi
Tom qab kuaj tus neeg mob, tus kws kho mob feem ntau muab xa mus rau lipid profile. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no suav nrog cov ntsuas tau piav qhia saum toj no thiab tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov yuav tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis.
Ib tug neeg mob plab plab mus kuaj ntshav. Cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol rau cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej yog tib yam thiab nyob ntawm 3.6 txog 6.2 mmol / l. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques yog tsawg. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov tseeb dua, hauv qab no yog cov lus ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov ntshav, uas tso cai rau koj mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv me me hauv qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawmlos ntawm hnub nyoog.
Yog tias qib roj cholesterol hauv koj cov ntshav siab tshaj 6.2 mmol / l, ces lawv hais txog cov roj cholesterol siab. Yog tias qhov ntsuas ntshav qhia tau 7.8 mmol / L lossis ntau dua, qhov no yog qib siab heev.
Tus qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav yog dab tsi rau cov neeg mob uas mob plawv lossis mob stroke? European Atherosclerosis Society pom zoo kom txo qis qis rau 5.2 mmol / L.
Cov ntsuas lipidogram suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas biochemical thiab qhia cov qib roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav. Cov qauv ntawm cov protein thauj cov roj cholesterol yog qhia hauv qab no.
| Indicator | Tus nqi qis |
| VLDL | 1-1.5g/L |
| LDL | tsawg dua 4 mmol / l |
| HDL | 0.7–1.7 mmol/L |
| Triglycerides | tsawg dua 200mg/dl |
Cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov txiv neej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum paub thiab tswj kom tsis pub dhau qhov kev txwv kom tsis txhob mob stroke lossis myocardial infarction.
Ua rau cov roj cholesterol siab
Muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem nce qib roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav:
- kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo uas muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj roj cholesterol (cov nqaij rog, nqaij liab, cheese nyuaj, lard, confectionery thiab lwm yam);
- tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog lossis tsis muaj kev txav mus los ua rau muaj cov rog thiab cov cholesterol nyob hauv cov ntshav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Nce kev ua si lossis lub cevKev ua haujlwm pab txhawb rau "hlawv" ntawm cov rog thiab txo qis hauv cov roj cholesterol;
- hnyav hnyav tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau ntau yam kab mob, tab sis kuj nce qib LDL thiab triglycerides hauv cov ntshav;
- tus cwj pwm phem (kev haus luam yeeb thiab cawv) ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlab ntsha, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques;
- qee kab mob. Cov pab pawg no yuav tsum suav nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus, arterial hypertension, kab mob raum thiab hypothyroidism;
- genetic predisposition. Tshuaj paub 4 hom pathology ntawm lipid metabolism, uas yog hu ua dyslipoproteinemias. Nrog rau cov teeb meem zoo li no, muaj kev sib txuas tsis txaus ntawm HDL thiab tsim LDL ntau dhau, uas ua rau nce qib roj cholesterol;
- kev cuam tshuam ntawm hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej. Cov txiv neej feem ntau yuav muaj cov roj cholesterol siab. Tus nqi ntawm qhov taw qhia nce me ntsis nrog hnub nyoog.
YCov roj (cholesterol) siab npaum li cas
Cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb lossis qee yam tsos mob tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob zoo li no. Txhawm rau ntsuas cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav, koj yuav tsum pub ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha rau kev tshuaj xyuas biochemical. Kev nce qib ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm angina pectoris, cov tsos mob ntawm atherosclerosis, tshwm sim ntawm ischemic disorders ntawm lub hlwb, qhov tsos thiab nce qhov loj ntawm xanthoma thiab xanthelasma, uas yog deposits ntawm nruab nrab roj nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam. ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Risks ntawm cov cholesterol siab
Qhov kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws yog cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab plawv. Cov roj (cholesterol) siab hauv cov ntshav ua rau tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques nyob rau sab hauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Thaum lub sij hawm, xws li formations nce nyob rau hauv loj thiab tuaj yeem thaiv lub lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov duab kho mob ntawm atherosclerosis, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qis qis, hlwb thiab lub plawv. Nrog rau tus kab mob obliterating nyob rau hauv qis extremities, cov neeg mob nco ntsoov chilliness thiab loog loog ntawm taw, ib tug txo nyob rau hauv taug kev lub sij hawm, thiab cov tsos ntawm trophic daim tawv nqaij hloov. Kev tswj hwm tus nqi ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav hauv cov txiv neej tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob no. Yog tias lub plawv raug cuam tshuam, ces angina pectoris tsim ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd myocardial infarction yuav tshwm sim. Nrog rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob stroke nce, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev rau kho.
Cov tshuaj niaj hnub txheeb xyuas ntau pawg ntawm cov tshuaj uas yog tsom rau inhibiting synthesis thiab nqus cov roj cholesterol. Statins yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj no. Cov tshuaj no thaiv cov enzyme tshwj xeeb - HMG-CoA reductase, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov roj cholesterol. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem yuav ntawm
ib lub tsev muag tshuaj thiab ntawm tus nqi sib txawv, nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom. Feem ntau yog simvastatin thiab atorvastatin. Aspirin ntawm koob tshuaj 75-100 mg muaj peev xwm ua kom cov ntshav nyias nyias thiab yog li txo qhov muaj peev xwm tsim.cov quav hniav. Cov tshuaj txo qis triglycerides yog tsom rau inhibiting qhov nqus ntawm cov rog hauv cov hnyuv los yog txhawb nqa lawv tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Lawv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig piv rau statins, thiab siv los ua cov tshuaj ntxiv (fibrates, guaric acid). Niacin (los yog lwm lub npe, vitamin B3) yuav pab txo qis LDL hauv cov ntshav thiab txhim kho vascular tone me ntsis.
Tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntshav siab ua lub luag haujlwm thib ob thiab siv los tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm cov plaques thiab txhim kho cov teeb meem loj - mob plawv thiab mob stroke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg muaj zog ib nrab. Cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav hauv cov txiv neej yuav pab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem saum toj no.
Kev noj haus
Rau cov neeg mob zoo li no, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj zaub mov 10c raws li Pevzner. Nws muab kev txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov carbohydrates yooj yim digestible thiab tsiaj rog, txwv kev noj
ntsev thiab nitrogenous extractives. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv dag zog rau kev noj zaub mov nrog cov lipotropic compounds thiab cov fatty acids tseem ceeb, fiber ntau, nqaij nruab deg. Zaub mov noj 5-6 zaug ib hnub twg. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm pastry, ncuav mog qab zib, nqaij rog, hnyuv ntxwm, cov kaus poom, cov nqaij haus luam yeeb. Cov ntses rog, qe qe, mov, legumes thiab broths kuj tsis xav tau. Cov neeg nyiam qab zib yuav tsum txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom los ntawm cov tshuaj nplaum, ice cream, chocolate.
Nroj tsuag los tua cov cholesterol
Cov haujlwm loj tshaj plaws tiv thaiv "cov roj cholesterol" muajDioscorea Caucasian. Ib qho tshuaj raws li nws - "Polyspanin" pab txhawb rau normalization ntawm lipid spectrum ntawm cov ntshav thaum noj zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem txo cov roj cholesterol hauv tib neeg cov ntshav: dub elderberry, nyiaj cinquefoil, erect thiab goose, elecampane, hawthorn, motherwort, calamus. Qej-raws li kev npaj kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv atherogenic. Feem ntau hauv cov khw muag tshuaj koj tuaj yeem nrhiav Alistat, uas tau noj 1 ntsiav tshuaj 2 zaug hauv ib hnub. Cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov txiv neej tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab ib lossis ob qho tshuaj ntsuab uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv atherogenic.
