Thaiv ntawm lub brachial plexus: hom, kws kho mob cov tshuaj, cov cai, txheej txheem, indications thiab contraindications rau cov txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem:

Thaiv ntawm lub brachial plexus: hom, kws kho mob cov tshuaj, cov cai, txheej txheem, indications thiab contraindications rau cov txheej txheem
Thaiv ntawm lub brachial plexus: hom, kws kho mob cov tshuaj, cov cai, txheej txheem, indications thiab contraindications rau cov txheej txheem

Video: Thaiv ntawm lub brachial plexus: hom, kws kho mob cov tshuaj, cov cai, txheej txheem, indications thiab contraindications rau cov txheej txheem

Video: Thaiv ntawm lub brachial plexus: hom, kws kho mob cov tshuaj, cov cai, txheej txheem, indications thiab contraindications rau cov txheej txheem
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Lub brachial plexus nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hlab ntsha anterior spinal thiab muaj cov formations uas mus rau sab sauv ceg. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham nyob rau hauv kom meej txog hom blockade ntawm no plexus.

Tim thaiv thaiv

Cov hom thaiv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  • Interstairs.
  • Axillary.
  • YSupraclavicular.
  • Subclavian.
  • brachial plexus blockade
    brachial plexus blockade

Supraclavicular thaiv: cov cai, txheej txheem thiab kev qhia

Nyob hauv thaj av supraclavicular, lub brachial plexus nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub clavicle thiab tav, uas tshwm sim nyob ze rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha subclavian, nyob tom qab cov leeg anterior scalene. Nrog rau cov hlab ntsha, lub plexus yog nyob tom qab. Cov lus qhia rau supraclavicular brachial plexus thaiv yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • Rau cov haujlwm hauv thaj tsam ntawm qis peb ntawm lub xub pwg.
  • Tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub luj tshib pob qij txha.
  • Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv pliaj.
  • Thaumkev ua haujlwm ntawm tes.

Supraclavicular blockade ntawm brachial plexus tuaj yeem ua tiav siv kev tshawb fawb rau cov qauv paj hlwb uas siv paresthesia, siv cov neurostimulator, nrog rau kev siv cov tswv yim pab. Txhawm rau ua qhov thaiv supraclavicular siv txoj kev paresthesia raws li kev txheeb xyuas plexus, cov cuab yeej suav nrog:

  • Kev siv rab koob (3 cm ntev blunt koob).
  • Txuas tube.
  • Ob peb ntawm 20 ml koob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Syringe nrog rab koob rau tshuaj loog hauv zos ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  • Sterile balls with napkins.

Thaum siv cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav plexus siv cov neurostimulator, cov khoom siv suav nrog cov neurostimulator nws tus kheej, nruab nrog lub tshuab electrode, thiab ntxiv rau, ib rab koob tshwj xeeb insulated nrog rau qhov taw tes. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, ib qho kev sojntsuam linear rau kev tshawb nrhiav tangle kuj suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv.

interscalene blockade ntawm brachial plexus
interscalene blockade ntawm brachial plexus

Tshuaj rau supraclavicular blockade

Yuav luag txhua qhov tshuaj loog hauv zos tuaj yeem siv rau qhov thaiv brachial plexus. Qhov yuav tsum tau ntim ntawm cov tshuaj loog ua ib qho thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau supraclavicular, raws li txoj cai, yog 50 milliliters, raws li qhov no, cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj yog xam, coj mus rau hauv tus account nws qhov siab tshaj plaws koob tshuaj thiab muaj vasopressors nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog.. Hauv kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm adrenaline yog qhov xav tau, vim nws txhim kho qhov zoo ntawmLub sij hawm ntawm blockade, thiab ntxiv rau, slows down the absorption of local anesthetic.

Cov teeb meem thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm supraclavicular blocks

Arterial puncture yuav qhia tau tias rab koob txav mus tom ntej. Manipulation nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog tsis txaus ntshai, txawm li cas los, ib tug hematoma yuav tsim. Thaum punctures cov hlab ntsha, rab koob raug tshem tawm. Txhawm rau kom hemostasis, lub zog siab yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw puncture rau tsib feeb. Tom qab qhov no, sim ua kom thaj chaw plexuses rov ua dua, txav me ntsis rov qab, rab koob tau muab tso rau hauv tib qho kev taw qhia.

Thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj me me thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tso cai rau koj kuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm rab koob txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Nrog rau kev qhia txog qhov ntim loj ntawm cov tshuaj loog, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neuropathy mus sij hawm ntev yuav zoo li.

Pneumothorax tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi ntawm peb feem pua. Nrog rau qhov raug xaiv ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm koob, nws qhov tshwm sim yog xyaum tsis suav nrog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, ib daim duab kho mob yuav tshwm sim. Hauv cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg, lub hauv siab x-ray yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Kev kho mob hauv qhov no ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov ntim, thiab ntxiv rau, ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho qhov teeb meem.

Brachial plexus thaiv txheej txheem
Brachial plexus thaiv txheej txheem

Dab tsi lwm yam brachial plexus thaiv cov txheej txheem paub?

Interscalene thaiv: cov cai, txheej txheem thiab kev qhia

Qhov brachial plexus no tawm hauv tib neeg ntawm nruab nrab thiab sab hauv cov leeg nqaij. Nyob rau theem no, lub brachial plexus tshwm li pob tw. Nyob ntawmnyob rau theem ntawm interscalene qhov chaw, nruab nrab thiab superior plexus cov hauv paus hniav yog nkag tau zoo, uas piav qhia qhov tsis muaj tshuaj loog ntawm ulnar qab haus huv nrog hom kev thaiv no. Lub ntsiab lus siv anatomical rau ntxig koob yog qhov chaw sib cuam tshuam.

Cov lus qhia rau qhov blockade ntawm brachial plexus yog kev phais mob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub xub pwg nyom. Qhov tsis muaj ulnar hlab ntsha thaiv tso cai rau kev siv cov txheej txheem no rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv pliaj thiab txhais tes tsuas yog ua ke nrog kev thaiv ntxiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha ulnar.

Interscalene blockade ntawm brachial plexus yog ua los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov qauv paj hlwb siv paresthesias, neurostimulators, nrog rau kev siv cov tswv yim pab. Txhawm rau ua interscalene blockade siv cov txheej txheem paresthesia raws li kev txheeb xyuas plexus, cov cuab yeej suav nrog:

  • Kev siv rab koob (nplua koob txog plaub centimeters).
  • Siv lub raj txuas.
  • Siv ob 20 ml koob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Siv lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab koob tshuaj loog hauv zos ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  • Siv cov ntaub so.

Thaum siv cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav plexus siv cov neurostimulator, cov khoom siv suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog ib rab koob tshwj xeeb insulated nrog luv luv rau punctures. Thaum siv thev naus laus zis pab, cov cuab yeej ntxiv nrog rau cov kab hluav taws xob los tshawb nrhiav plexuses.

blockade ntawm lub brachial plexus los ntawm axillary nkag
blockade ntawm lub brachial plexus los ntawm axillary nkag

Technique rau kev ua haujlwm interstitialblockades

Raws li ib feem ntawm kev thaiv ntawm brachial plexus los ntawm kev nkag mus rau interscalene, tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau hauv lub supine txoj hauj lwm, thiab nws lub taub hau yuav tsum tig me ntsis mus rau qhov sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, caj npab raug coj mus rau lub cev thiab tig los ntawm sab nraud. Tom ntej no, cov chaw txhaj tshuaj tau ua tiav.

Tom qab ntawd, cov cim qhia ntawm lub cev tau txiav txim siab (peb tab tom tham txog cov pob txha mos cricoid, sab ntug ntawm cov leeg sternum thiab qhov chaw so interstitial). Tubercle projection cheeb tsam yog cim. Tom ntej no, intradermal anesthesia yog ua.

Axillary brachial plexus blockade: cov cai, txheej txheem thiab kev qhia

Nyob rau thaj tsam axillary, lub brachial plexus yog sawv cev los ntawm peb pawg, uas yog lub posterior, lateral thiab medial, lawv muaj npe vim yog cov hlab ntsha axillary. Tag nrho cov pob no yog nyob ze ntawm cov hlab ntsha axillary, uas yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau qhov kev thaiv no. Indications rau blockade ntawm lub brachial plexus los ntawm axillary nkag yog kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub forearm nrog rau kev phais ntawm ob txhais tes.

blockade ntawm lub brachial plexus los ntawm interscalene nkag
blockade ntawm lub brachial plexus los ntawm interscalene nkag

Qhov kev thaiv no yog ua los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov qauv paj hlwb uas siv cov cim qhia txog lub cev, paresthesia, neurostimulator, thiab ntxiv rau, siv cov tswv yim pab. Txhawm rau ua qhov thaiv subclavian siv cov txheej txheem anatomical landmark los yog paresthesias ua pov thawj ntawm plexus, cov cuab yeej feem ntau suav nrog:

  • koob rau kev tswj hwm (nplua koob txog peb centimeters).
  • Daim ntawv thovtxuas tube.
  • Siv ob 15ml koob txhaj tshuaj rau kev thaiv.
  • Siv lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab koob tshuaj loog hauv zos ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  • Siv cov ntaub so tsis huv.

Thaum siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nrhiav cov plexus siv cov neurostimulator, cov khoom siv suav nrog cov cuab yeej nruab nrog lub ntsej muag electrode nrog rau rab koob tshwj xeeb insulated txog tsib centimeters ntev. Thaum siv thev naus laus zis pab tau, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv.

Axillary Blockade Technique

Raws li ib feem ntawm axillary brachial plexus thaiv, cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

  • Tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau hauv lub supine txoj hauj lwm, lub taub hau yog me ntsis tig mus rau sab nraud, thiab sab caj npab ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog txav cuaj caum degrees thiab flexed ntawm lub luj tshib.
  • Tom ntej no, qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yog kho thiab cais nrog cov ris tsho tsis muaj menyuam.
  • Cov hlab ntsha axillary yog palpated, uas yog ua tiav raws li qhov ua tau.
  • Local infiltration anesthesia tau ua tiav.
  • Tom qab ntawd cov hlab ntsha yog tsau nrog ntiv tes.
subclavian brachial plexus block
subclavian brachial plexus block

Nws tsim nyog hais tias cov txheej txheem transarterial yog feem ntau nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm perivascular infiltration.

Subclavian thaiv: cov cai, txheej txheem thiab kev qhia

Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm subclavian brachial plexus blockade.

Ntawm theem ntawm subclavian fossae, lub brachial plexussawv cev los ntawm peb pob khoom ib zaug. Cov pob plexus tuaj yeem dhau mus rau hauv ib lub fascial sheath nrog rau cov hlab ntsha subclavian thiab cov hlab ntsha. Lub subclavian fossae yog delimited: nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej lawv yog txwv los ntawm cov me thiab loj pectoral nqaij, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab los ntawm tav, thiab los ntawm saum toj no los ntawm cov txheej txheem coracoid thiab clavicle, thiab ntxiv rau, los ntawm humerus. Cov lus qhia rau kev thaiv feem ntau yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub luj tshib.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv pliaj.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes.

Subclavian blockade tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov qauv paj hlwb uas siv paresthesias thiab cov tswv yim pab. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev thaiv no, cov cuab yeej suav nrog:

  • koob rau kev tswj hwm (blunt koob kaum centimeters ntev).
  • Txuas tube.
  • Ob 20 ml koob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • koob thiab koob txhaj tshuaj rau cov tshuaj loog hauv zos.
supraclavicular brachial plexus block
supraclavicular brachial plexus block

Subclavian thaiv txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov thaiv no suav nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  • Tus neeg mob muab tso rau hauv lub supine txoj hauj lwm, tus neeg mob lub taub hau yog me ntsis tig mus rau sab nraud, thiab sab caj npab ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam tau raug tshem tawm thiab khoov ntawm lub luj tshib los ntawm cuaj caum degrees.
  • Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tau kho nrog rau nws qhov kev sib cais nrog cov ris tsho tsis muaj menyuam.
  • Tom ntej no, qhov chaw anatomical tau txiav txim siab.
  • Lub koob nkag nkag yog nyob rauob centimeters medially thiab tib tus nqi caudal mus rau lateral margins ntawm cov txheej txheem coracoid.

Cov kab lus tau hais txog cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm brachial plexus blocks.

Pom zoo: