Tib neeg lub cev suav nrog ntau yam khoom uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb muaj xws li: ua pa, digestive, hlab plawv, genitourinary, endocrine thiab paj hlwb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no, muaj kev tiv thaiv lub cev tshwj xeeb. Lub tshuab uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig yog kev tiv thaiv. Nws, zoo li lwm yam hauv lub cev, muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab lub endocrine apparatus.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag los ntawm ib puag ncig lossis tsim endogenously thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm pathological. Nws ua nws txoj haujlwm ua tsaug rau cov qe ntshav tshwj xeeb - lymphocytes. Lymphocytes yog ib hom leukocytes thiab niaj hnub nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv qhov kev nce ntxiv qhia tau hais tias cov kab ke sib ntaus sib tua tus neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws, thiab qhov txo qis qhia tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv - kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lwm txoj haujlwm yog kev tawm tsam neoplasms, uas yog ua los ntawm cov qog necrosis. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob suav nroglawv tus kheej ib pawg ntawm cov kabmob uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem tsis zoo. Cov no suav nrog:
- tawv;
- thymus;
- spleen;
- lymph nodes;
- pob txha liab;
- blood.
Muaj 2 hom kev sib txuas uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas. Cellular tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo los ntawm T-lymphocytes. Cov qauv no, dhau los, muab faib ua T-tus pab, T-suppressors, T-killers.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes
Cellular tiv thaiv ua haujlwm ntawm qib ntawm cov qauv me tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev. Qib kev tiv thaiv no suav nrog ntau yam lymphocytes sib txawv, txhua tus ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog los ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab nyob hauv ib qho ntawm lawv. T-lymphocytes tau txais lawv lub npe vim qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb - thymus. Lub thymus pib tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob no thaum ntxov raws li lub sijhawm ntawm tib neeg embryonic kev loj hlob, thiab lawv qhov sib txawv yuav xaus rau thaum yau. Maj mam, lub cev no tsis ua haujlwm, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15-18 xyoo nws tsuas muaj cov ntaub so ntswg adipose xwb. Lub thymus tsim tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes - T-lymphocytes: pab, tua neeg thiab suppressors.
Thaum tus neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws nkag mus, lub cev qhib nws lub cev tiv thaiv, uas yog, kev tiv thaiv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, macrophages pib tawm tsam qhov teeb meem, lawv txoj haujlwm yog nqus cov antigen. Yog lawv ua tsis tau lawvua hauj lwm, ces theem tom ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog kev cob cog rua - cellular tiv thaiv. Thawj tus paub txog cov antigen yog T-killers - tua neeg txawv teb chaws. Cov haujlwm ntawm T-helpers yog los pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tswj kev faib thiab sib txawv ntawm txhua lub cev hlwb. Lwm qhov ntawm lawv lub luag haujlwm yog tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob hom kev tiv thaiv, uas yog, pab B-lymphocytes los zais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ua kom lwm cov qauv (monocytes, T-killers, mast cells). T-suppressors xav tau txhawm rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pab ntau dhau, yog tias tsim nyog.
Type of T-helpers
Nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm ua, T-tus pab muab faib ua 2 hom: thawj thiab thib ob. Cov qub ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav necrosis (sib ntaus tawm tsam neoplasms), gamma-interferon (sib ntaus tawm tsam tus kab mob), interleukin-2 (kev koom tes hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob). Tag nrho cov haujlwm no yog tsom los rhuav tshem cov antigens hauv lub cell.
Tus thib ob ntawm T-tus pab yog xav tau los sib txuas lus nrog kev tiv thaiv kev lom zem. Cov T-lymphocytes no tsim cov interleukins 4, 5, 10 thiab 13, uas muab cov kev sib raug zoo no. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom 2 T-helpers yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj immunoglobulin E, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub cev kev tsis haum tshuaj.
nce thiab txo T-tus pab hauv lub cev
Muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus lymphocytes hauv lub cev, lawv txoj kev kawm hu ua immunogram. Txhua qhov sib txawv, tsis hais seb nws yog qhov nce lossis txo qis hauv cov hlwb, suav tias yog qhov txawv txav, uas yog, qee yam ntawm pathological tsim.mob. Yog tias T-tus pab txo qis, ces lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nws qhov kev ua. Tus mob no yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tau pom thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, tom qab muaj mob, nrog rau cov kab mob ntev. Ib qho kev tshwm sim loj heev yog kab mob HIV - ua txhaum tag nrho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes. Yog tias T-tus pab tau nce siab, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau rau antigens tau pom hauv lub cev, uas yog, kev sib ntaus tawm tsam lawv dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov xwm txheej no tau pom muaj kev ua xua.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv
Raws li koj paub, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob siv nws cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm ob theem. Ib qho ntawm lawv ua tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes, uas yog, thaum cov kab mob nkag mus lossis hloov pauv cov noob txawv txav, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm T-lymphocytes tau qhib. Qib thib ob yog kev cai humoral, uas yog ua los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tag nrho lub cev nrog kev pab ntawm immunoglobulins. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv no hauv qee kis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib cais ntawm ib leeg, tab sis feem ntau lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Kev sib txuas ntawm cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm T-helpers, uas yog, "tus pab". Cov pejxeem ntawm T-lymphocytes no tsim cov interleukins tshwj xeeb, cov no suav nrog: IL-4, 5, 10, 13. Yog tias tsis muaj cov qauv no, kev txhim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv humoral yog tsis yooj yim sua.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm T-tus pab hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Ua tsaug rau kev tso tawm ntawm interleukins, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txhim kho thiabtiv thaiv peb ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov qog nqaij hlav necrosis tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem oncological, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev. Tag nrho cov no yog ua los ntawm T-tus pab. Txawm hais tias lawv ua tsis ncaj (los ntawm lwm lub hlwb), lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb heev, vim lawv pab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv.
