Txoj kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas qhia txog ntau yam pathologies ntawm tib neeg txoj hnyuv loj yog colonoscopy. Kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, tsis muaj qhov uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg noj qab haus huv.
txoj kev kuaj hnyuv
Colonoscopy, raws li ib txoj hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov hnyuv, tau siv tau zoo txij li xyoo 1965, tom qab tsim cov fibrocolonoscope - ib qho cuab yeej uas cov txheej txheem tau ua. Yav dhau los, lub rectosigmoidoscope tau siv rau txoj kev tshawb no. Nws tso cai rau peb caug centimeters ntawm txoj hnyuv xwb los kuaj, thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej mob heev.
Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub plab tau kuaj nrog x-rays. Tab sis txoj kev tshawb no tsis tau muab ib daim duab tiav ntawm lub xeev ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab tsis tso cai rau txheeb xyuas qee qhov pathologies. Ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov pom tseeb tsis zoo ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab, zoo dua ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas.
Dab tsiyog ib tug colonoscopy
Hnub no, kev kuaj ntshav colonoscopy yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab yog txoj hauv kev los ntsuas cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub fibrocolonoscope tso cai rau cov ntaub so ntswg kuaj rau histology thiab tshem tawm cov polyps.
Fibrocolonoscopes tau muab faib ua ntau hom, nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov ua haujlwm. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog hloov tau, uas tso cai rau nws txav mus los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Qhov kawg ntawm lub cuab yeej yog nruab nrog lub koob yees duab uas xa cov duab ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv plab mus rau lub monitor. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus aspirator nyob rau hauv lub cuab yeej tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov kab mob pathological thiab tso tseg los ntshav thaum lub sij hawm colonoscopy ntawm txoj hnyuv ua.
Kev npaj rau tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntawm cov hnyuv kom dawb txav ntawm lub fibrocolonoscope.
Kab mob plab hnyuv loj
Cov hnyuv loj yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog adsorption ntawm cov as-ham los ntawm cov zaub mov ua tiav, tsim cov quav thiab lawv cov kev thauj mus los rau sab nraud.
Qhov ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag ob metres, txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hnyuv - los ntawm plaub mus rau yim centimeters. Cov kab mob hauv plab no muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev, txoj hnyuv thiab qhov quav.
Cov hnyuv loj yog raug rau ntau yam kab mob thiab pathologies. Cov feem ntau yog:
- Crohn's disease;
- ulcerative colitis;
- hemorrhoids;
- mob qog noj ntshav thiab malignant;
- diverticula.
Cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv loj feem ntau raug kuaj pom muaj qhov tseeb thaum kuaj qhov colonoscopy. Kev npaj rau tus txheej txheem, raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob, ua rau kom qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob tom qab kuaj xyuas.
Qhia rau tus txheej txheem
Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv, kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem - kev noj zaub mov pom zoo ua ntej txheej txheem pab txheeb xyuas ntau yam kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob. Cov kab mob hauv plab uas tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm colonoscopy:
- ulcerative colitis;
- plab hnyuv;
- diverticula;
- qog nqaij hlav txawv txawv.
Kab mob muaj nrog ntau yam tsos mob. Cov no yog cem quav, raws plab, mob hauv plab hnyuv, tsam plab, pom ntawm qhov quav. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob plab yog qhov qhia tau tias qhov kev kuaj kab mob colonoscopy tau ua. Kev npaj rau tus txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm, yog li tus kws kho mob ua ntej teem hnub ntawm kev kawm thiab muab cov lus pom zoo rau kev npaj.
Ntxiv rau kev kuaj mob plab zom mov, tshuaj colonoscopy los npaj rau qee qhov kev ua haujlwm gynecological, coj mus kuaj biopsy, thiab lwm yam. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm txoj hnyuv loj kuj raug pom zoo rau cov neeg tshaj tsib caug thiab cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob benign thiab malignant neoplasms. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, dhau musKev kuaj ntshav colonoscopy ib xyoos ib zaug yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev kho mob.
YContraindications
Colonoscopy, raws li ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kuaj mob, muaj ntau yam contraindications. Hauv qee qhov pathologies, kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo rau tus neeg mob, thiab qee zaum txawm ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej. Cov kab mob no suav nrog:
- myocardial infarction;
- peritonitis;
- kawg lub plawv lossis lub ntsws tsis ua haujlwm;
- mob plab.
Ntxiv rau, muaj qee yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov duab ntawm tus neeg mob kev noj qab haus huv thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv raug. Qhov no zoo heev txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm colonoscopy. Txoj hnyuv los ntshav, tsis muaj ntshav txhaws, phais peritoneal tsis ntev los no, inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, qhov mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob yog contraindications rau qhov colonoscopy tsis pom zoo. Kev npaj rau tus txheej txheem ua txhaum txoj cai kho mob yuav tsis tso cai rau kev kawm.
Tshuaj plab hnyuv plab: kev npaj rau txheej txheem
Kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev xeem thiab kev npaj rau nws tsis yog qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog to taub heev. Cov txheej txheem tsis qab ntxiag, qee zaum mob heev, kev npaj yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev ua siab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj cov cim qhia ntawm txoj hnyuv pathology, nws tsim nyog mus dhau. Tag nrho cov kev tsis zoo yog them los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas colonoscopy coj. Kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem yog ua raws licov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob sau cov txheej txheem. Colonoscopy feem ntau yog teem rau thaum sawv ntxov, yog li nws yooj yim dua los npaj. Kev npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav colonoscopy, yog tias cov txheej txheem tau ua thaum sawv ntxov, yog ua tiav hauv ob theem: kev noj zaub mov thiab kev zom zaub mov.
Tab sis yog tias tus neeg mob raug cem quav, yuav tsum tau ntsuas ntxiv. Raws li kev npaj ua ntej, cov kws kho mob feem ntau pom zoo kom tshem cov hnyuv txawm tias ua ntej pib noj zaub mov. Rau qhov no, enemas yog siv, thiab cov roj castor kuj tau sau tseg. Tom qab ua ntej ntxuav cov hnyuv, tus neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev noj haus rau ob peb hnub. Tom ntej no, cov hnyuv tau nteg nrog ib qho enema los yog npaj tshwj xeeb uas tus kws kho mob yuav sau.
Txoj kev noj zaub mov ua ntej colonoscopy
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, yog tias tus neeg mob cem quav, yuav tsum tau noj cov roj enema lossis castor roj rau peb mus rau plaub hnub ua ntej cov txheej txheem los ntxuav cov hnyuv. Qhov no yog kev npaj ua ntej. Ua raws li kev noj zaub mov rau peb hnub ua ntej kev kuaj colonoscopy yog kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem. Koj tuaj yeem noj dab tsi ntawm cov zaub mov no?
Lub ntsiab ntawm kev noj haus yog kom tshem tawm cov khoom noj ntawm cov khoom slag thiab cov khoom uas ua rau fermentation. Nws raug tso cai noj boiled thiab ci zaub, khoom noj siv mis, nqaij ntshiv thiab ntses, cheese. Tshem tawm ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov koj xav tau zaub tshiab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nqaij haus, khoom qab zib.
Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog cov txheej txheem thaum sawv ntxov, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhoblos ntawm kev noj kaum mus rau kaum ob teev ua ntej lub sij hawm uas teem lub colonoscopy ntawm txoj hnyuv. Kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem hauv tsev kuj muaj nyob rau tom qab siv cov tshuaj laxative tshwj xeeb uas ntxuav cov hnyuv rau kev kuaj.
Kev npaj tshuaj qog noj ntshav
Tom qab npaj cov hnyuv nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj slag peb hnub, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov hnyuv. Qhov no yog theem tom ntej ntawm kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem. Txhawm rau ntxuav cov hnyuv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj enema lossis siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej cov txheej txheem thaum sawv ntxov, ib qho enema yuav tsum tau muab ob zaug: thaum yav tsaus ntuj - hnub ua ntej txheej txheem thiab thaum sawv ntxov hnub ntawm tus txheej txheem. Cov hnyuv raug suav tias yog ntxuav tag nrho thaum cov quav ua zoo li dej ntshiab. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm enema, koj tuaj yeem siv txhais tau tias so lub plab zom mov. Cov no suav nrog kev daws ntawm magnesia thiab castor roj.
Yog tias vim li cas nws tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj tua kab mob (kab lossis hemorrhoids), koj yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj laxative osmotic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, laxatives yog siv, tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ua kom tiav cleansing ntawm lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av ua ntej endoscopic kev tshawb fawb, ultrasound, thiab phais. Ib yam ntawm cov khoom no tsuas yog siv tau raws li tus kws kho mob pom zoo thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia rau cov tshuaj.
Lavacol
"Lavacol" yog ib yam tshuaj raws li polyethylene glycol MM 4000. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsom rau khaws cia thiab khaws cov dej hauv lub cev. Dej tsub kom fecal huab hwm coj thiab accelerateslawv tawm. "Lavacol" yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog raws li kws kho mob qhia, raws li cov tshuaj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm contraindications.
Kev npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav nrog "Lavacol", yog tias qhov txheej txheem tau ua thaum sawv ntxov, pib ntawm 14:00. Lub pob muaj kaum tsib lub hnab hmoov. Txhua pob ntawv yog diluted nyob rau hauv 200 ml ntawm dej thiab noj txhua nees nkaum feeb. Yog li, peb litres ntawm cov tshuaj tau noj nyob rau hauv ob peb teev.
Fortrans
"Fortrans" - tus neeg sawv cev osmotic tsom rau kev ua kom tiav cov hnyuv. Cov tshuaj nquag muaj xws li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Lavacol. "Fortrans" yog tsim los ntawm Fabkis lub tuam txhab kws tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov. Lub pob muaj plaub pob ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, txhua tus yog tsim los rau nees nkaum kilograms ntawm tib neeg lub cev hnyav.
Kev npaj rau kev colonoscopy nrog "Fortrans", yog tias cov txheej txheem tau ua thaum sawv ntxov, yog npaj cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau ua (raws li ib lub hnab rau ib liter dej) thiab siv cov tshuaj sai li sai tau. Nws raug nquahu kom noj cov tshuaj hauv qhov me me, so rau tsib mus rau kaum feeb, rau ob mus rau plaub teev. Nws yuav tsum tau noj yav tsaus ntuj ua ntej kev colonoscopy.
Fleet
Cov tshuaj "Fleet" txawv ntawm qhov zoo sib xws "Lavacol" thiab "Fortrans" cov khoom xyaw nquag, tso tawm daim ntawv thiab txoj kev tswj hwm. Lub pob muaj ob lub raj mis laxative. Ib lub raj mis dissolves nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib khobdej. Kev npaj rau colonoscopy "Fleet", yog hais tias tus txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, pib hnub ua ntej lub colonoscopy. Thawj feem ntawm cov tshuaj yog noj thaum sawv ntxov tom qab noj tshais, qhov thib ob - thaum yav tsaus ntuj tom qab noj hmo. Thaum nruab hnub, koj yuav tsum haus li ib liter ntawm kua.
"Flit", zoo li lwm cov tshuaj osmotic laxatives, muaj contraindications. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem noj tau tsuas yog tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Tus kws kho mob tseem yuav muab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau kev noj tshuaj.
Kev ua haujlwm
Tsis txhob ntshai tias kev kuaj ntshav colonoscopy yog ib txoj kev mob. Kev kuaj mob, tau kawg, ua rau tsis xis nyob, tab sis tus neeg mob tsis hnov mob hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev siv tshuaj loog thiab tshuaj loog. Cov me nyuam yaus raug muab tshuaj loog ua ntej ua colonoscopy.
Kev kuaj mob yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob endoscopist, pab los ntawm tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob. Tus neeg mob pw ntawm lub rooj zaum ntawm sab laug, khoov ob txhais ceg ntawm lub hauv caug thiab rub lawv mus rau hauv plab. Yog tias tsim nyog, siv tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj loog. Lub colonoscope muab tso rau hauv lub qhov quav thiab maj mam txav mus los ntawm txoj hnyuv loj. Lub koob yees duab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sojntsuam qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub monitor, thiab tus kws kho mob muaj sijhawm los tshuaj xyuas cov phab ntsa hauv plab kom meej kom pom cov kab mob pathologies.
Txij thaum tom qab ntxuav cov hnyuv yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev nplaum, ua kom yooj yim rau kev nkag mus ntawm qhov kev sojntsuam tshwm sim vim yog huab cua nkag los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub cuab yeej. Cua irritates lub plab hnyuv mucosa thiab ua rautsam plab. Qhov no ua rau tus neeg mob tsis xis nyob.
Lub koob yees duab colonoscope kaw cov yeeb yaj kiab, uas pab kawm cov khoom tau txais kev nthuav dav ntxiv tom qab txheej txheem. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, tus kws kho mob kuaj cov kab mob, yog tias muaj, thiab xa tus neeg mob mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
