Txhua tus neeg pib txhawj xeeb yog tias neoplasms ntawm ib qho keeb kwm, indurations lossis qog tshwm sim ntawm nws lub cev. Lub dermoid cyst tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, uas muaj cov tshuaj ntsiav tuab, hauv cov kua uas muaj ntau yam suav nrog, piv txwv li, epithelium, plaub hau, pob txha, cov hniav, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no neoplasm feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho teeb meem ntawm embryogenesis, yog li nws muaj cov embryonic hlwb. Qee zaum cov kab mob no tshwm sim tom qab raug mob.
Feem ntau cov cyst tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej, tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem hloov mus ua qog nqaij hlav cancer. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom phais tshem tawm ntawm pathology.
yam ntxwv thiab piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem
Dermoid cyst los yog teratoma yog kab noj hniav neoplasm uas muaj cov tshuaj ntsiav ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, cov phab ntsa uas muaj kab nrog stratified epithelium. Nyob rau hauv lub capsule muaj cov kua uas muaj ntau yam: plaub hau, epithelium, rau tes thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov tshuaj, cov neeg mob tau sau tseg thaum cov hlwv hauv cov tshuaj ntsiavmuaj ntu ntawm txoj hnyuv, bronchi, libs, ob lub qhov muag thiab lub puab tsaig. Cov neoplasm feem ntau yog qhov tsis zoo, tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, uas yuav metastasize (hauv 3% ntawm cov neeg mob).
Lub dermoid cyst, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no, tuaj yeem tsim nyob txhua qhov chaw, nws loj hlob dhau sijhawm thiab pib ua rau lub cev nyob sib ze. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tshem tawm xws li kev kawm. Feem ntau, cov cyst tsim ntawm coccyx, zes qe menyuam hauv cov poj niam, cov noob qes hauv cov txiv neej, mediastinum thiab lwm yam kabmob. Feem ntau tus kab mob no tsis qhia tej yam tshwm sim. Qhov loj ntawm lub cyst tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm cov txiv ntoo. Nyob ntawm seb muaj dab tsi nyob hauv nws, qhov ntom ntom thiab mos neoplasm yog qhov txawv. Raws li ICD 10, tus kab mob no nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm D10 txog D36.
Kab mob kis
Lub cyst yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Nws txoj kev loj hlob yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam tsis zoo thaum tus poj niam cev xeeb tub. Cov kab mob dermoid feem ntau raug kuaj pom hauv tus menyuam (hauv 31% ntawm cov neeg mob). Nws feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov muag cheeb tsam, ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm pob muag. Qee lub sij hawm pathology yog tsim ntawm lub qhov ntswg, taub hau, hauv siab, hauv scrotum, coccyx thiab sacrum. Hauv qhov kawg, qhov tsim tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj me yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha. Xws li ib tug pathology feem ntau ua rau deformation ntawm cov menyuam hauv nruab nrog cev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Lub dermoid cyst ntawm lub taub hau kuj tau kuaj pom ntau zaus, tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov plaub hau.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, pathology loj hlob sib npaug ntawm cov txiv neejthiab poj niam. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau nws tus kheej nyob rau txhua lub hnub nyoog, txawm tias nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej ntawm kev loj hlob.
Kev txhim kho kab mob
Dermoid cyst, qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm fusion ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub cev xeeb tub ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, yog ib tug congenital anomaly. Tab sis tus kab mob no yuav tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, cyst feem ntau kuaj pom tom qab nws loj tuaj thiab ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
Qhov laj thawj ntawm kev txhim kho tus kabmob no tsis paub. Cov kws kho mob nyiam ntseeg tias dermoid cyst tuaj yeem muaj cov hauv qab no:
- Kev raug mob, kis kab mob, siv tshuaj txhaum cai thaum tus poj niam cev xeeb tub.
- Kev hloov pauv caj ces thiab chromosomal.
- Kev qaug rau lub cev nrog cov co toxins thiab tshuaj lom.
- Txhob tus cwj pwm phem.
- Ntxhais ntxaib, ib tug txwv tsis pub tsim kho thiab sib koom ua ke, ua ib feem ntawm nws.
Symptoms and signs
Feem ntau yog dermoid cyst, daim duab uas tau luam tawm hauv kab lus no, tsis pom cov tsos mob. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom thaum lub sij hawm ntsuas ntsuas rau lwm yam pathology. Yog tias cov qog nyob hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yuav raug kuaj pom thaum kuaj kev tiv thaiv.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob pib tshwm sim thaum lub neoplasm nce mus txog qhov loj, vim tias nws pib ua rau cov kab mob nyob ze.
Dermoid ovarian cyst, qhov ua rau uas tau piav qhia saum toj no,nrog rau cov noob qes yog nrog los ntawm hnyav hauv plab, mob thaum muaj kev sib deev, tso zis ntau zaus, cem quav. Hauv cov poj niam, kev coj khaub ncaws yog cuam tshuam, lub cev kub nce. Lub cyst tuaj yeem ncav cuag li kaum tsib centimeters loj thiab pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam hluas. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob kom raug, kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory nyob rau hauv cov kab mob nyob sib ze thiab tsim ntawm squamous cell carcinoma yog ua tau.
Coccygeal cyst, uas tau kuaj pom ntau zaus, nrog rau qhov mob hauv coccyx thiab qhov quav, mob thaum lub plab zom mov, qhov tsos ntawm fistulas.
Nrog rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam, ib tus neeg ua tsis taus pa, ua pa, tawv nqaij ua xua, tsis hnov tsw tshwm sim thaum nqos. Lub cyst nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob ze ntawm lub pharynx, nws hlob mus rau hauv lub mucous daim nyias nyias thiab daim tawv nqaij. Qee zaum cov qog uas ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm tus menyuam lub taub hau tuaj yeem pom.
Intracranial neoplasm tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab. Dermoid cyst ntawm mediastinum tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, hnoos, hemoptysis, hiccups thiab mob hauv caj dab thiab xub pwg. Neoplasm ntawm daim tawv muag provokes qhov muag tsis pom kev.
Ib cyst tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- puag ncig ntawm neoplasm;
- ntom ntom ntom ntom;
- tsis mob ntawm palpation;
- daim tawv nqaij tsis hloov xim, qauv;
- slow progression.
Thaum lub cyst tsim nyob rau hauv lub fetus ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub,kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha, pathology ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mos. Qhov qog nqaij hlav ua ntej hauv nws, yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Symptomatology ntawm tus kab mob no nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cyst, nws qhov loj me thiab cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, pathology tsis tshua pom cov tsos mob, vim feem ntau cov cyst me me. Tab sis cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tshem tawm cov cyst dermoid txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho cov teeb meem txaus ntshai yav tom ntej.
ntsuas ntsuas
Feem ntau cov hlwv raug kuaj pom thaum kuaj mob. Tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob, txiav txim siab qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm neoplasm. CT thiab MRI yog siv los txiav txim qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov cyst nrog cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev. Cov tswv yim no kuj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kawm txog txhua qhov ntawm lub cev, suav nrog adipose, pob txha thiab cov leeg nqaij. Yog tias muaj cov pob txha hauv cov cyst, tus kws kho mob tau sau x-ray kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tiav ntawm cov neoplasm.
Qee zaum, ib qho dermoid cyst pom nyob rau hauv lub embryo thaum lub sij hawm kuaj ultrasound ntawm theem ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub. Tab sis qee hom kab mob tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab yug menyuam lossis thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog laus dua. Thaum kuaj pom ib qho neoplasm hauv tus menyuam hauv plab, tus kws kho mob saib xyuas lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, txiav txim siab qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag, sau ntawv kuaj ntshav kuaj.
Thaum kuaj tau tus kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xa mus rau kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob oncologist kom paubcyst malignancy. Thaum kuaj pom tseeb lawm, tau txais kev kho mob tsim nyog.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho Dermoid cyst tsuas yog kev phais xwb, vim tias muaj qhov ua tau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev. Qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev phais yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv, qhov chaw ntawm neoplasm thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog hais tias lub neoplasm yog benign, tsuas yog lub cyst raug tshem tawm, lub cev sab hauv yuav tsis cuam tshuam.
Kev tshem tawm ntawm neoplasm yog ua los ntawm kev qhib nws, ua kom huv si thiab tso cov kab noj hniav thaum muaj suppuration. Thaum qhov mob tshwm sim, lub cyst capsule yog excised. Feem ntau, dermoid cyst raug tshem tawm hauv ib nrab ib teev, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub so ntswg tsawg. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, kev ua haujlwm siv sijhawm ntev dua. Feem ntau, cov poj niam ntawm lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov kab mob ntawm zes qe menyuam, nyob rau hauv mob hnyav, lub tsev menyuam nrog appendages. Rau cov txiv neej, cov qog nqaij hlav cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm. Qhov teeb meem loj hauv qhov no yog qhov muaj peev xwm muaj me nyuam yav tom ntej. Qee lub sij hawm tus kws kho mob tau sau tshuaj hormonal kom rov ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev.
Cov txheej txheem phais zoo tshaj plaws yog laparoscopy, laser kho thiab endoscopy. Tom qab tshem tawm dermoid cyst, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem rov qab los tsev tom qab ob peb hnub.
Kev kho tus kab mob no ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab yog ib qho kev phais mob zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis nrog kev kho tsis raws sijhawm, kev rov ua dua tuaj yeem ua tau. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, lub cyst yuav tsum tau qhib, ntxuav cov kua paug, thiab tsuas yog tom qab qhov mob tau raug tshem tawm, nws raug tshem tawm. Yog tias qhov kev tshem tawm tau ua tiav, cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau zoo, tus kws kho mob tsuas yog saib xyuas ib ntus los ntsuas tus neeg mob tus mob.
Kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav malignant
Thaum metastases kis tau, siv tshuaj khomob, tom qab ntawd ntau tus neeg mob zoo dua. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev siv tshuaj khomob yuav nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qog thiab metastases, nws hom thiab qhov loj me. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws raug kuaj xyuas siv lub tshuab ntsuas. Tom qab kev kho mob, cov ntshav cov ntsiab lus thiab lub raum kev ua haujlwm raug saib xyuas. Cov chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob kav li kaum ob lub lis piam, qee zaum nws rov ua dua. Feem ntau, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tau cov neoplasm tag nrho.
Cyst thaum cev xeeb tub
Feem ntau, cov hlwv me me uas pom thaum tus poj niam cev xeeb tub coj tus cwj pwm zoo, lawv tsis ua rau tus poj niam noj qab haus huv thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Tab sis nrog ib tug loj neoplasm, torsion ntawm lub cyst ceg yog ua tau, uas yuav provoke kev loj hlob ntawm o. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais tam sim.
Thaum qhov loj ntawm kev tsim yog txog tsib centimeters, tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tsuas yog pom. Yog tias lub cyst loj, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub lim tiam kaum rau ntawm cev xeeb tub.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab qhov tshwm sim
Cysts loj hlob qeeb tab sis tas li. Tej zaum lawv yuavhloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav. Yuav luag ib txwm muaj teeb meem nrog lub coccygeal cyst. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib tug tsis meej pem ntawm tso zis, plab hnyuv obstruction, daim tawv nqaij necrosis, cov tsos ntawm fistulas. Tom qab kev phais mob nrog kev tshem tawm tsis tiav ntawm neoplasm, qhov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm lub neej. Lub fistula nrog purulent o yog tsim.
Thaum cov qog nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav thiab lub plab me me, nws tuaj yeem hloov mus ua squamous cell carcinoma. Xws li cov hlwv muaj deformed horny nplai, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob thiab suppurate. Thaum lub cyst ruptures, nws cov ntsiab lus nkag mus rau hauv lub peritoneum, uas ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm mob o. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim feem ntau yog suppuration ntawm neoplasms, uas ua rau pom qhov mob hnyav thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim oncology.
Huab cua
Yog dermoid cyst yog benign, prognosis yog zoo. Raws li kev txheeb cais, nrog coccygeal pathologies, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov me nyuam mob tuag vim yog compression ntawm lub hauv nruab nrog cev los yog rupture ntawm neoplasm thaum yug me nyuam. Malignant cysts feem ntau kho nrog tshuaj kho mob, txawm tias thaum metastases tau kis. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib cais xwb thiaj li muaj qhov tshwm sim tuag taus. Tab sis yog tias cov qog nyob hauv lub hauv siab, qhov kev kuaj mob yuav tsis zoo dua li ntawm zes qe menyuam lossis qe qe menyuam.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob nomuaj nyob. Kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum suav nrog kev cais tawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, nws yuav tsum tau ua yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tsis suav tag nrho cov ua rau cysts. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum coj tus cwj pwm noj qab haus huv, tswj kev noj tshuaj, tso tus cwj pwm phem.
Nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas ib ntus thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov mob thiab qhov tsis xis nyob. Nrog rau kev mob ntev ntev ntawm ib qho chaw hauv zos, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sab laj nrog kws kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tau nrog lub qes deformity hauv kev sib deev muaj zog, nrog rau qhov hnyav hauv plab hauv plab hauv cov poj niam.
Hauv tib neeg lub cev, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qee yam, ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv, ntau yam neoplasms tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qee qhov yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus, lwm tus tau pom hauv cov menyuam yaus, thiab qee qhov tau tsim txawm tias ua ntej yug. Nws yog tom kawg uas yog hu ua dermoid cysts, uas feem ntau benign thiab kho tau yooj yim. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab tshem tawm cov neoplasm.
