Promille yog ib chav ntsuas rau kev txiav txim siab cov cawv hauv cov ntshav. Ib chav ppm yog ib txhiab ntawm cov khoom, ib feem kaum ntawm ib feem ntawm cov kua. Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev ntawm tus txiv neej thiab poj niam hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas no. Promille ntau npaum li cas? Lo lus nug no txaus siab heev.
Tsim thiab suav
Lub npe ppm zoo li no - ‰. Nws feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog tus lej feem pua, uas yog qhov yuam kev.
- 1 ‰=0.1%=1/1000=0.001.
- 100 ‰=10%=0, 1.
- 200 ‰=20%=200/1000=0, 2.
Tom qab 30 feeb tom qab haus dej, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cawv tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Promille yog qhov taw qhia uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog:
- cawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm;
- ntim dej ntau yam;
- Lub sijhawm haus cawv kom tawm hauv lub cev.
Qhov tshwm sim yuav nyob ntawm cov hauv qab noOptions:
- hnyav, poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg;
- feem pua ntawm cov kua uas cuam tshuam rau qhov loj ntawm tib neeg lub cev;
- ntim cawv noj.
Yog li, ppm yog npaum li cas?
Cov theem ntawm kev qaug dab peg txawv nyob ntawm cov cawv haus. Thawj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev mob me me xwb, qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav yuav raug pom nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob, qhov kev mob hnyav tshwm sim nyob rau theem thib peb ntawm kev qaug cawv. Cov theem kawg yog kev hem thawj rau lub neej, vim tias tsis nco qab thiab kev tuag tuaj yeem txhim kho.
koob tshuaj tuag yuav yog rau tib neeg:
- 4-8g. ethyl cawv ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav rau ib tug neeg laus;
- 3 Gr. rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov hluas, cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg laus.
Tom ntej, cia peb tham txog feem pua ntawm ethanol hauv cov ntshav ntawm txhua theem:
- txog 0.3% - tsis muaj cawv;
- 0, 3-0, 5% - cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog;
- 0, 5-1, 5% - txhais tias me;
- 1, 5-2, 5% - nruab nrab degree;
- 2, 5-3% - theem muaj zog;
- 3-5% - theem hnyav, uas tsis nco qab thiab tuag taus;
- 5-6% - txhais tau tias koob tshuaj tuag.
Permille uas tau tso cai
Dab tsi yog qhov tso cai ppm? Qhov no yog tus nqi uas nws tseem tso cai tsav tsheb.
Kev haus dej ntau npaum li cas yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb? Tus cwj pwm tsav tsheb thiab cov lus teb yuav txawv ntawm ppm:
- 0, 1-0, 6 ppm. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub teeb txav yog perceived vaguely. Kev ntsuas tsis zoo ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Txoj kev tsav tsheb ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo, qhov nrawm feem ntau dhau qhov kev tso cai txwv, tus neeg tsav tsheb tuaj yeem ua mob rau lwm tus.
- 0.6-0.9 ppm. Kev kwv yees ntawm qhov kev ncua deb yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, muaj qhov tsis sib xws, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyuaj. Tus neeg tsav tsheb tsis ntsuas teeb pom kev zoo, qhov deb, teeb liab ntawm lwm lub tsheb thiab teeb pom kev zoo.
- 0, 9-1, 3 ppm. Cawv yog relaxing. Muaj qhov txo qis hauv lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev pom, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog thiab tsis raug kev nkag siab ntawm qhov kev muaj tiag nyob ib puag ncig. Lub concentration ntawm kev mloog yog tsis muaj kiag li, ib tug high degree ntawm intoxication ua rau tus neeg tsav tsheb txaus ntshai rau lwm tus thiab rau nws tus kheej thiab.
- 1, 3-2, 5 ppm. Kev tswj kom tsis txhob nco qab yog qhov nyuaj, kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj lus nug. Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub zeem muag, kev cuam tshuam, kev taw qhia hauv qhov chaw.
tso cai ppm yog 0.1 units lossis tsawg dua.
Cov cim qhia kev qaug cawv
Ib tug neeg raug suav hais tias qaug cawv yog tias muaj ntau yam cim. Nov yog:
- muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm qhov ncauj;
- tsis ruaj tsis khov, hais tawm tshee ntawm tus ntiv tes;
- hais lus tsis meej, tus cwj pwm tsis sib haum nrog ib puag ncig;
- hloov pauv sai ntawm daim tawv nqaij xim (redness, blanching);
- ntse tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tus cwj pwm tsis tsim nyog.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab ppm tso cai thaum haus cawv?
Qhov piv ntawm tus lej ntawm ppm hauv cov ntshav thiab cov cim qhia ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm qee theem ntawm kev qaug cawvyuav nyob tom ntej.
Thaum qib cawv yog 0, 010-0, 030, tus cwj pwm yuav zoo li qub, nrog rau kev ua txhaum cai zais cia uas tsuas yog txiav txim tau los ntawm kev tshwj xeeb, theem kev qaug cawv yog suav tias yog mob me.
Ntawm dej cawv theem 0.031-0.060, tus cwj pwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev zoo siab me ntsis, kev hais lus, kev so, txo qis kev tswj hwm nrog kev txo qis, kev qaug cawv me me dhau los ua nruab nrab.
Ntawm dej cawv theem 0.061-0.1, tus cwj pwm yog extroverted, dullness ntawm tag nrho cov rhiab heev, disinhibition hnyav, impaired perception thiab xav, tsis zoo cov lus teb rau lub teeb pom, qhov no tseem yog ib tug nruab nrab ntawm intoxication.
Ntawm qhov dej cawv ntawm 0, 11-0, 2, tus cwj pwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev npau taws, npau taws, hloov pauv hauv kev xav, kev xav, kev xav, kev hais lus zoo, kev tswj tus cwj pwm, kev txawj tsav tsheb muaj kev cuam tshuam, kev qaug cawv tshwm sim nrog ib tug Qhov tshwm sim siab, thaum qib kev qaug cawv muaj zog.
Thaum cov dej cawv yog 0, 21-0, 30, tus cwj pwm yog stupor, tej zaum yuav tsis nco qab, tsis muaj zog ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav, nco, nco ntsoov, lub cev muaj zog kev txawj ntse raug cuam tshuam, theem ntawm intoxication muaj zog heev., tshuaj lom teeb rau hauv.
Ntawm theem ntawm 0, 31-0, 40, tus cwj pwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis nco qab, kev nyuaj siab loj ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, kev tuag tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tswj, lub plawv dhia, ua pa, sib npaug yog cuam tshuam, intoxication teeb tsa hauv nrog rau mob hnyav heev.
Nyob rau theem 0, 41-0, 51, tus cwj pwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis nco qab, kev tuag muaj peev xwm ua tau, tswj tsis tau, ua pa tsis zoo,palpitations, nystagmus tshwm, intoxication yog lub zog tshaj, txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lub neej.
Ntawm theem siab dua 0.51, kev lom neeg lub cev hnyav tshwm sim nrog qhov ua rau tuag taus.
koob tshuaj tuag: puas muaj lus teb meej?
ppm yog qhov taw qhia uas tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab qhov koob tshuaj tuag.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws cov ntsuas sib txawv. Txawm tias tus kws kho mob nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab tsis meej. Yog li koj haus dej cawv ntau npaum li cas, thiab yuav txaus ntshai npaum li cas rau tus neeg?
Hauv cov duab, peb twb tau txiav txim siab cov ntsuas no. 6-8 ppm yuav yog ib koob tshuaj tuag rau tus neeg laus, 2.5 ppm txhais tau tias mob hnyav heev. Tab sis nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau tus neeg zoo tib yam suav hauv liters.
Yog li, tus nqi ppm paub.
Yog tias koj haus ib lub raj mis vodka rau ib tus neeg laus, koj tau txais 2.5 ppm xwb. Thiab yog tias koj noj peb ib nrab-liter fwj, ces qhov no yuav yog ib koob tshuaj tuag. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum haus cov cawv no li ntawm ib teev. Tab sis yog tias koj ncab cawv rau lub sijhawm ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom noj txom ncauj thiab kev tawm dag zog, ces yuav tsis muaj kev tuag, tab sis tsuas yog qaug cawv heev.
Caw thiab npias muaj cawv tsawg dua. Yuav kom tau txais koob tshuaj tuag, koj yuav tsum haus dej ntau. Nrog rau kev haus cawv ntau, kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntuav, yog li ib feem ntawm cov cawv yog tawm ntawm lub cev. Qhov koob tshuaj tuag ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov hnyav, hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej thiab kab mob ntev.
Yog li, ppm yog ib chav ntsuas rau cov ntshav cawv cov ntsiab lus, qhov qhia tau zoo heev.
