Cov kab mob uas tsis yog carious ntawm cov hniav yog ib txwm tshwm sim hauv kev kho hniav. Lub tswv yim no suav nrog ntau yam kab mob nrog ntau yam etiologies thiab kev kho mob tshwm sim.
tswvyim
Cov kab mob uas tsis yog carious ntawm cov hniav yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob thiab pathologies. Cov no suav nrog tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj rau enamel, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov kab mob uas tsis yog kab mob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tsuas yog thib ob rau caries. Cov kab mob zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam tsos mob thiab daim duab kho mob, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv thiab ua rau. Tab sis lawv txhua tus yog congenital los yog kis tau.
tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv - cuam tshuam rau ib lossis tag nrho cov hniav hauv kab, qee qhov chaw hauv qee qhov kev txiav txim. Ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob no nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob, txij li cov cim qhia ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv zoo sib xws thiab nyuaj rau kev sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim kev paub tsis txaus ntawm tus kab mob, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsuas yog cov chaw kho hniav zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pab tau, qhov twg lawv yuav xaiv txoj kev kho mob (piv txwv li, SM-Clinic, uas muaj ob peb ceg hauv Moscow, Diamed lossis DentaLux-M).
Kev faib cov kab mob uas tsis yog carious
Vim muaj ntau yam kab mob uas koom nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "cov kab mob tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav", lawv cov kev faib tawm tsis muaj ib qho kev lees paub. Yog tias koj sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov npe dav dav ntawm hom kab mob.
1. Kev loj hlob pathology thaum lub sij hawm teething:
- Anomaly of shape, size.
- Fluorosis (mottled teeth).
- Enamel hypoplasia (kev loj hlob tsis zoo).
- Pathologies ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hniav ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim (odontogenesis, amelodentinogenesis).
- Syphilis (congenital).
- Lwm txoj kev loj hlob pathologies cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam (cov tshuaj tua kab mob, Rh tsis sib haum).
2. Pathological hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nyuaj ntawm cov hniav:
- Tag nrho cov hniav poob.
- Erosion.
- Hloov xim tom qab hniav.
- Npaj ntaub so ntswg rhiab heev.
3. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv sab hauv ntawm tus hniav:
- pob txha tawg.
- Root dislocation.
- Txhob Ciaj Hniav.
- Qhib lub pulp.
Hauv peb lub tebchaws, lwm qhov kev faib tawm tau npaj rau xyoo 1968 los ntawm V. K. Patrikeev feem ntau siv. Raws li nws, cov kab mob uas tsis yog carious ntawm cov hniav tau muab faib ua ob pawg.
1. Cov kab mob tshwm sim ua ntej tawg:
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tawg thiab kev loj hlob.
- Hypoplasia ntawm cov hniav.
- Hyperplasia.
- fluorosis.
- Hereditary pathologies.
2. Cov kab mob tshwm sim tom qab tawg:
- Erosion.
- Npaj-zoo li tus tsis xws luag.
- Necrosistawv fabrics.
- Hyperesthesia ntawm cov hniav.
- Erase.
- Tooth raug mob.
- Pigmentation.
Hypoplasia
Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov kab mob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thaum nws tsim, uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ua ntej teething. Xws li kev ua txhaum cai yog tshwm sim los ntawm tsis txaus mineralization ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm lub cev lossis nws txoj kev loj hlob me me. Hypoplasia ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem yog congenital lossis loj hlob tom qab yug menyuam. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no:
- kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Rh yam ntawm niam thiab menyuam,
- mob kis kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub, kis tus menyuam tom qab yug menyuam,
- mob toxicosis nrog cev xeeb tub,
- Preterm yug, Kev Raug Mob Thaum Yug Me Nyuam,
- pathology ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam tom qab yug,
- dystrophy, kab mob ntawm plab hnyuv,
- metabolic ntshawv siab,
- kev mob hlwb tsis meej,
- kev puas tsuaj rau lub puab tsaig.
Muaj ob hom hypoplasia - systemic thiab hauv zos. Thawj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev swb ntawm tag nrho cov hniav, tsis tshua muaj tuab ntawm enamel lossis nws qhov tsis tuaj. Cov pob daj tshwm tuaj. Hauv zos yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau ib lossis ob lub cev. Ntawm no, tsis muaj enamel (ib nrab los yog ua tiav), cov qauv ntawm cov hniav - lawv tuaj yeem deformed. Xws li kev cuam tshuam ua rau mob. Kev mob hnyav hypoplasia ua rau cov hniav hnav ntau dua, cov ntaub so ntswg puas, lossis ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog,kev loj hlob ntawm malocclusion. Kev kho mob ntawm hypoplasia suav nrog cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb (thaum ntxov) lossis sau thiab siv cov khoom siv (rau cov kab mob hnyav). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, enamel yog remineralized nrog tshuaj (piv txwv li, calcium gluconate daws). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hypoplasia hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub raug pom zoo kom noj zaub mov kom zoo uas muaj cov vitamins rau cov hniav (D, C, A, B), calcium thiab fluoride, nrog rau kev tu lub qhov ncauj nruj..
Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia - cov kab mob uas tsis yog carious ntawm cov hniav cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov hniav ntau dhau. Lawv qhov tsos yog vim muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb epithelial, enamel thiab dentin. Nws tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "tee", uas tseem hu ua "enamel pearls". Lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 5 hli hauv txoj kab uas hla. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw yog lub caj dab ntawm cov hniav. Xws li ib tug poob muaj cov hniav enamel, nyob rau hauv tej zaum yuav muaj cov dentin los yog cov ntaub so ntswg mos zoo li cov pulp. Muaj tsib hom kev tsim raws li lawv cov qauv:
- tseeb enamel - muaj tsuas yog enamel,
- enamel-dentine - lub plhaub enamel muaj dentin hauv,
- enamel-dentine tee nrog pulp - cov ntaub so ntswg nyob hauv,
- dops Rodriguez - Ponti - enamel formations nyob rau hauv lub periodontium ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub alveolus,
- intradentinal - nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm lub dentin.
Hyperplasia ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav tsis pom nws tus kheej hauv kev kho mob, nws tsis ua rau mob, mob lossis tsis xis nyob. Ua tautsuas yog qhia txog qhov zoo nkauj yog tias qhov anomaly cuam tshuam rau cov hniav hauv ntej.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev sib tsoo thiab theem ntawm qhov chaw yog nqa tawm. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, yog tias tus neeg mob tsis txhawj xeeb txog dab tsi, kev kho mob tsis ua. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog los tiv thaiv cov mis nyuj los ntawm cov kab mob caries, vim tias lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob mus tas li.
fluorosis
Fluorosis tshwm sim thaum tsim cov ntaub so ntswg vim kev noj tshuaj fluoride ntau hauv lub cev. Nws hloov cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm cov enamel thiab ua rau nws qhov tsis xws luag - cov tsos ntawm cov pob, kab txaij, furrows, tsaus blotches. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm xws li ib tug pathology, tsis tsuas yog ib tug tshaj ntawm fluorine plays lub luag hauj lwm, tab sis kuj tsis muaj calcium. Hauv cov menyuam yaus lub cev, fluorine accumulates ntau dua thiab sai dua li cov neeg laus, los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab dej. Muaj cov qauv ntawm fluorosis:
- dashed - tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov kab txaij dawb tsis muaj qhov qhia meej;
- spotted - tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj cov xim daj nrog lub ntsej muag du;
- chalky mottled - npub lossis ci me ntsis uas yog xim dawb, xim av lossis daj (tej zaum cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov hniav);
- erosive - ntau yam yaig ntawm cov enamel nto;
- kev puas tsuaj (tus hniav tawg lossis tawg tag) - cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog fluorosis.
Kev kho mob fluorosis txawv nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob. Yog li, nrog rau daim ntawv pom, whitening thiab remineralization yog nqa tawm, yog tias tsim nyog, sib tsoo ntawm cov txheej txheej sab saud ntawm enamel. Tab sis erosiveCov duab tsis tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no; ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho cov hniav nrog veneers lossis crowns. Cov kev kho mob dav dav suav nrog remineralization, kho cov duab thiab xim ntawm lub cev, cov teebmeem hauv zos ntawm lub cev, tswj kev noj tshuaj fluorine.
Kev poob qis
Cov kab mob uas tsis yog carious ntawm cov hniav muaj xws li enamel puas xws li yaig. Nws tsim ua rau discoloration, aesthetic puas rau cov hniav, raws li zoo raws li nce rhiab heev. Pom tau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag. Cov hniav yaig yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov enamel thiab dentin, cov kab mob kis tau ntev, thiab tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev. Qhov ua rau ntawm cov kab mob pathology tuaj yeem yog cov neeg kho tshuab hauv qhov xwm txheej, piv txwv li, thaum siv cov txhuam tawv tawv los yog pastes nrog cov khoom abrasive. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev yaig tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov enamel thaum noj cov zaub mov thiab dej qab zib uas muaj acidity siab (pick, marinades, citrus kua txiv, thiab lwm yam). Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam cuam tshuam nrog kev nqus tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj phem feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav. Kev siv qee yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob (piv txwv li, ntau npaum li cas ntawm ascorbic acid cuam tshuam rau cov enamel).
Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab (siab acidity ntawm nws ib puag ncig) lossis cov thyroid caj pas. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas tus kab mob thaum ntxov, txij li thaum nws tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm luster nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw me me ntawm cov hniav. Ntxiv musCov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua rau maj mam txo qis hauv enamel thiab dentin. Nws zoo li hnav cov hniav, feem ntau ntawm lub hauv paus. Kev kho mob yog ua raws li kev txwv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws suav nrog kev siv cov ntawv thov uas muaj fluorine thiab calcium rau li 20 hnub, tom qab ntawd qhov chaw cuam tshuam yog them nrog fluorine varnish. Nws muaj peev xwm siv veneers lossis crowns los kho qhov zoo nkauj. Txoj kev kho complex suav nrog calcium thiab phosphorus npaj, nrog rau cov vitamins rau cov hniav. Yog tias tsis kho, kev yaig tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav hyperesthesia.
Hyperesthesia
Hniav hyperesthesia yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov enamel thiab feem ntau yog cov tsos mob ntawm lwm yam kab mob uas tsis yog carious. Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob no yog siab: li ntawm 70% ntawm cov pejxeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hyperesthesia, feem ntau cov poj niam raug cuam tshuam. Kev tshwm sim - ib tug ntse, mob hnyav uas kav tsis ntev tshaj peb caug vib nas this thiab tshwm thaum raug rau sab nraud yam ntawm cov enamel. Hyperesthesia tau muab faib ua hom raws li ntau yam:
1. Kev faib tawm:
- daim ntawv txwv - cuam tshuam rau ib lossis ntau tus hniav;
- generalized - tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm txhua lub cev.
2. Keeb kwm:
- daim ntawv ntawm hyperesthesia cuam tshuam nrog kev poob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg;
- tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev poob, vim yog lub cev dav dav.
3. Daim duab kho mob:
- mob tshwm sim raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov stimuli sab nraud (dej txias);
- cov hniav ua rau cov tshuaj stimuli (qab zib los yog qaubkhoom);
- tawm tsam rau txhua qhov kev xav, suav nrog cov tactile.
Kev kho mob hyperesthesia yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim, qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab hom kab mob. Qee zaum, kev cuam tshuam kev phais yog tsim nyog (piv txwv li, nrog rau cov kab mob gingival recession thiab raug ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm tus hniav), thiab qee zaum cov txheej txheem kho mob tuaj yeem muab faib nrog, xws li kev siv cov tshuaj fluorine-muaj cov ntawv thov rau thaj chaw puas. Orthodontic therapy tej zaum yuav xav tau rau hyperesthesia vim muaj cov hniav ntxiv. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - noj tag nrho cov zaub mov tsim nyog thiab cov vitamins uas ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntaub so ntswg, kev siv cov khoom tu lub qhov ncauj tsis tu ncua, nrog rau kev kuaj xyuas txhua xyoo ntawm tus kws kho hniav.
Ntxhais zoo li tus kab mob
Wedge-shaped defect - hniav puas, uas nws lub hauv paus puas lawm. Outwardly, nws yog manifested los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub caj dab ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug wedge. Feem ntau, cov kab mob tsis zoo. Thaum pib, nws tsis pom, nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob. Nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm tus kab mob, ib qho ntxoov ntxoo tsaus tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cuam tshuam. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo li lub ntsej muag yog tias cov hniav hnov mob rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, khoom noj qab zib, cuam tshuam rau lub cev (tu). Yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob tej zaum yuav tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub qhov ncauj huv si, siv tsis zoo ntawm cov txhuam hniav - yog hais tias tom qab ntxuav, cov kab mob plaque tseem nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob txha tsim, nws rhuav tshem cov enamel, ua rau ib tug wedge-zoo li tus tsis xws luag.. KujQhov ua rau tuaj yeem ua rau cov pos hniav, xws li gingivitis thiab periodontitis, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, nce acidity ntawm lub plab, ua rau kub siab. Kev kho tus kab mob tsis zoo nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj.
Yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj me me, nws txaus los ua cov txheej txheem kho dua tshiab uas yuav ntxiv cov calcium thiab fluoride hauv cov hniav hniav thiab txo nws qhov cuam tshuam rau lwm yam. Thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev, lub foob tsis tuaj yeem muab xa nrog. Vim qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, xws li txhaws feem ntau poob tawm. Cov chaw kho hniav zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev khawb ib lub qhov ntawm cov duab uas tuav cov ntim thiab siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb elasticity.
Hard tissue necrosis
Necrosis ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tawv ntawm cov hniav thaum ntxov yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm cov enamel luster, chalky me ntsis tshwm. Raws li tus kab mob loj tuaj, lawv tig xim av. softening ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cuam tshuam, enamel poob nws lub zog, tus neeg mob yuav yws tias nws cov hniav tau tawg. Dentin pigmentation tshwm sim. Feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau ib lub cev, tab sis ob peb zaug ib zaug. rhiab heev rau sab nraud stimuli nce. Nws yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm lub caj dab ntawm cov hniav, nrog rau ib tug wedge-shaped defect thiab yaig. Tab sis, txawm tias muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws thiab qhov txhab, tus kws kho hniav uas paub txog tuaj yeem yooj yim paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob no los ntawm ib leeg thiab ua qhov tseeb. Qhov no pathology tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm hormonal ntshawv siab nyob rau hauv lub cev. Kev kho mob yog tsom rauTxhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm qhov tsis hnov tsw (hyperesthesia), thiab yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, kev kho orthopedic raug tshuaj.
Tooth raug mob
Lub tswv yim ntawm "kev raug mob ntawm cov hniav" ua ke kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv sab nraud lossis sab hauv ntawm cov hniav. Cov laj thawj rau lawv qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem hu ua ntog, tshuab rau lub puab tsaig thaum lub sijhawm ua si, sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib tsoo. Nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm cov hniav nrog cov khoom txawv teb chaws los yog khoom noj khoom haus, nws cov ntaub so ntswg ua thinner thiab ua nkig. Hauv qhov no, teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias zom zaub mov.
Kev raug mob hniav tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kho hniav tsis raug, xws li kev tso tus pin tsis zoo. Qee cov kab mob kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, xws li hypoplasia, fluorosis, cervical caries, hauv paus cyst. Kev raug mob muaj xws li pob txha ntawm cov yas los yog hauv paus, dislocation, bruising ntawm cov hniav. Kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ua raws li kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam rau lub cev muaj kab mob, kev tsis lees paub cov khoom noj khoom haus. Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm dislocation, tus hniav raug xa rov qab mus rau lub qhov rau ntxiv engraftment. Yog tias qhov kev ua haujlwm no tsis muaj kev cia siab, raws li tus kws kho hniav, prosthetics lossis implantation yog ua. Cov pob txha tawg yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd kom rov qab tsis tau tsuas yog zom cov haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej tau raug puas lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsau crowns yog ntsia. Cov pob txha pob txha feem ntau xav tau tag nrho cov hniav rho tawm los tso ib qho ncej lossis cog.
