kab mob ntshav txaus ntshai, kis tau, qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm lawv feem ntau kho tsis tau thiab ua rau tuag. Yog vim li cas xws li ib tug tseem ceeb system ntawm lub cev raws li lub circulatory system raug rau pathologies? Cov laj thawj sib txawv heev, qee zaum tsis yog nyob ntawm tus neeg, tab sis nrog nws thaum yug los.
kab mob ntshav
kab mob ntshav muaj ntau thiab ntau yam hauv keeb kwm. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog pathology ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qe ntshav los yog ua txhaum ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov kab mob cuam tshuam rau plasma - cov kua hauv cov hlwb nyob. Cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav, cov npe, qhov ua rau lawv tshwm sim yog ua tib zoo kawm los ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb, qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog tam sim no.
qe ntshav - erythrocytes, leukocytes thiab platelets. Erythrocytes - cov qe ntshav liab - nqa oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Leukocytes - cov qe ntshav dawb - tawm tsam cov kab mob thiab txawv teb chaws uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Platelets yog cov hlwb tsis muaj xim uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntshav txhaws. Plasma - cov proteincov kua nplaum uas muaj cov qe ntshav. Vim muaj kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm cov hlab ntshav, cov kab mob ntshav feem ntau yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab txawm tias ua tsis tau.
Kev faib cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv
Cov kab mob ntshav, cov npe uas muaj ntau heev, tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg raws li lawv qhov chaw faib khoom:
- Npaj. Ib qho xwm txheej ntawm cov qib qis ntawm hemoglobin (qhov no yog cov pa oxygen nqa ntawm cov qe ntshav liab).
- Hemorrhagic diathesis - mob ntshav txhaws.
- Hemoblastosis (oncology cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov qe ntshav, qog nqaij hlav lossis pob txha).
- Lwm yam kab mob uas tsis muaj nyob rau saum peb.
Qhov kev faib tawm no yog dav dav, nws faib cov kab mob raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlwb uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Txhua pab pawg muaj ntau yam kab mob ntshav, ib daim ntawv teev npe muaj nyob rau hauv International Classification of Diseases.
Tseem muaj kab mob cuam tshuam rau ntshav
Yog koj teev tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav, cov npe yuav loj heev. Lawv txawv ntawm cov laj thawj rau lawv cov tsos hauv lub cev, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes, cov tsos mob, thiab ntau lwm yam. Anemia yog cov kab mob feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov qe ntshav liab. Cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thiab hemoglobin. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tej zaum yuav yog lawv cov khoom txo qis los yog cov ntshav poob loj. Hemoblastosis - feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob no yog nyob ntawm leukemia, lossis leukemia - mob qog noj ntshav.ntshav. Thaum lub sij hawm tus kab mob no, cov qe ntshav hloov mus rau hauv malignant qog. Qhov ua rau tus kab mob no tseem tsis tau qhia meej. Lymphoma kuj yog kab mob oncological, cov txheej txheem pathological tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lymphatic, leukocytes ua malignant.
Myeloma yog ntshav qog noj ntshav uas muaj ntshav plasma. Cov kab mob hemorrhagic ntawm tus kab mob no cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntshav. Lawv feem ntau yog congenital, xws li hemophilia. Nws yog manifested los ntawm hemorrhages nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha, cov leeg thiab cov khoom nruab nrog cev. Agammaglobulinemia yog ib qho kev tsis txaus ntawm cov ntshav plasma protein. Muaj cov kab mob hu ua kab mob hauv cov ntshav, lawv cov npe suav nrog cov kab mob cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev (kev tiv thaiv kab mob, lymphatic) lossis tag nrho lub cev tag nrho.
Anemia
Cia peb xav txog cov kab mob ntshav uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob ntawm erythrocytes (cov npe). Hom feem ntau:
- Thalassemia yog qhov ua txhaum ntawm tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin tsim.
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob syphilis. Drug-induced non-autoimmune hemolytic anemia - vim muaj tshuaj lom nrog cawv, nab venom, tshuaj lom.
- Iron deficiency anemia - tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj hlau hauv lub cev lossis nrog cov ntshav tsis txaus.
- B12 deficiency anemia. Yog vim li cas yog qhov tsis muaj vitamin B12 vim tsis txaus los ntawm cov zaub mov los yog ua txhaum ntawm nws txoj kev nqus. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab lub plab zom mov.
- Folic acid deficiency anemia - tshwm sim vim tsis muaj folic acid.
- Sickle cell anemia - cov qe ntshav liab yog mob-zoo li tus, uas yog ib qho kev mob loj heev. Qhov tshwm sim yog ntshav ntws qeeb, jaundice.
- Idiopathic aplastic anemia yog qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsim cov qe ntshav. Ua tau nrog irradiation.
- Tsev neeg erythrocytosis yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
Kab mob ntawm pawg hemoblastoses
Cov no yog cov kab mob oncological ntawm cov ntshav, cov npe ntawm cov feem ntau suav nrog ntau hom kab mob leukemia. Cov tom kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua ob hom - mob (ntau cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav, tsis ua haujlwm) thiab mob ntev (nws maj mam ua haujlwm, cov qe ntshav ua haujlwm).
Mob myeloid leukemia - mob hauv kev faib cov pob txha pob txha, lawv cov maturation. Nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob no, cov kab mob leukemia hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- tsis ripen;
- maturing;
- Ypromyelocytic;
- myelomonoblastic;
- monoblastic;
- erythroblastic;
- megakaryoblastic;
- lymphoblastic T-cell;
- lymphoblastic B-cell;
- panmyeloid leukemia.
Cov kab mob qog noj ntshav ntev:
- myeloid leukemia;
- erythromyelosis;
- monocytic leukemia;
- megakaryocytic leukemia.
Cov lus saum toj no tau muab rau hauv tus accountCov kab mob chronic.
Kab mob-Siwe - kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev sib txawv, keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob tsis paub.
Myelodysplastic syndrome yog ib pawg kab mob cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha pob txha, xws li subleukemic myelosis.
Hemorrhagic Syndromes
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) yog ib yam kab mob kis tau los ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab ntshav txhaws.
- Tus kab mob Hemorrhagic ntawm tus menyuam mos yog ib qho kev tsis txaus ntawm cov ntshav txhaws vim yog vitamin K deficiency.
- Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov ntshav txhaws - cov tshuaj uas muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav plasma, feem ntau yog cov protein uas ua kom cov ntshav txhaws. Muaj 13 hom.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (Werlhof's disease). Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm staining ntawm daim tawv nqaij vim los ntshav sab hauv. Koom nrog cov ntshav platelets tsawg.
Txhua cov qe ntshav
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj caj ces. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav los ntawm lymphocytes thiab macrophages. Cov txheej txheem pathological tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob sib txawv thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, vim li ntawd, daim tawv nqaij, ntsws, daim siab, tus po, thiab lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam.
- Hemophagocytic syndrome vim kev kis kab mob.
- Kab mob Cytostatic. Manifested los ntawm cell tuagtab tom sib faib.
- Hypoplastic anemia - txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav tag nrho. Koom nrog kev tuag ntawm tes hauv cov pob txha.
kab mob sib kis
Qhov ua rau muaj kab mob ntshav tuaj yeem yog kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov ntshav yog dab tsi? Feem ntau pom cov npe:
- Malaria. Kab mob tshwm sim thaum yoov tshaj cum tom. Cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev kis cov qe ntshav liab, uas raug rhuav tshem, yog li ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj, ua npaws, ua daus no. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub tropics.
- Sepsis - lo lus no yog siv los hais txog cov txheej txheem pathological hauv cov ntshav, qhov ua rau yog qhov nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob mus rau hauv cov ntshav ntau. Sepsis tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob - cov no yog ntshav qab zib mellitus, kab mob ntev, kab mob ntawm lub cev, kev raug mob thiab qhov txhab. Kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab mob sepsis yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo.
Symptoms
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntshav yog qaug zog, ua tsis taus pa, kiv taub hau, tsis qab los noj mov, tachycardia. Nrog anemia vim los ntshav, kiv taub hau, qaug zog heev, xeev siab, fainting tshwm sim. Yog tias peb tham txog cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov ntshav, cov npe ntawm lawv cov tsos mob yog raws li nram no: kub taub hau, ua daus no, khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis qab los noj mov. Nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm tus kab mob, kev poob phaus yog pom. Qee zaum muaj cov tsos mob tsis zoo thiab tsis hnov tsw, xws li hauv B12 deficiency anemia, piv txwv li. Muaj mob hauv cov pob txha thaum nias (nrog leukemia), cov qog ntshav o, mob sab xis lossis sab laug hypochondrium (siab.los yog plees). Qee zaum, muaj pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, los ntshav los ntawm qhov ntswg. Thaum ntxov ntawm cov ntshav tsis txaus, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tsos mob.
Kev kho mob
Cov kab mob ntshav nce sai heev, yog li kev kho mob yuav tsum pib sai li sai tau thaum kuaj pom. Txhua tus kab mob muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, yog li kev kho mob tau sau tseg hauv txhua kis. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob oncological, xws li leukemia, yog ua raws li kev siv tshuaj khomob. Lwm txoj kev kho mob yog kev tso ntshav, txo cov nyhuv intoxication. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob oncological ntawm cov ntshav, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qia hlwb tau txais los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha lossis ntshav yog siv. Txoj kev tshiab tshaj plaws los tawm tsam tus kab mob no pab kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab, yog tias tsis kov yeej tus kab mob, ces tsawg kawg yog ncua lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog tias cov kev ntsuam xyuas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb cov kab mob ntshav twg kis tau tus neeg mob, cov npe ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm cov kab mob. Nov yog qhov chaw tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj.
Yog vim li cas
Ntau yam kab mob ntshav, cov npe ntev. Cov laj thawj rau lawv qhov tshwm sim txawv. Piv txwv li, cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntshav txhaws feem ntau yog los ntawm keeb kwm. Lawv raug kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tag nrho cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov ntshav, cov npe uas suav nrog malaria, syphilis thiab lwm yam kab mob, kis tau los ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm tus kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem yog kab lossis lwm tus neeg, tus khub sib deev. Oncological kab mob xws lileukemia, muaj ib tug unexplained etiology. Qhov ua rau muaj kab mob ntshav tuaj yeem yog hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob lossis tshuaj lom neeg lom. Anemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, uas tsis muab lub cev nrog cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog thiab cov vitamins.
