Caries hauv kev kho hniav yog ib yam kab mob. Tus kab mob no muaj 2 hom - mob thiab mob. Hauv ob qho tib si, kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov hniav tsim. Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho mob, kev saib xyuas kom raug thiab kho kev noj haus, kab mob caries yog kho tsis tau. Cov laj thawj rau qhov pom ntawm pathology thiab kev kho mob tau piav qhia hauv kab lus.
Ntse
Cov kab mob caries yog ib hom kab mob sluggish, uas muaj kev puas tsuaj zuj zus mus rau txhua txheej ntawm cov hniav. Tus kab mob no nce mus ntau xyoo nrog ob peb thiab cov tsos mob tsis qhia. Nrog rau cov kab mob no, qhov mob tsis tshwm sim (tshwj tsis yog rau theem kawg).
Signs
kab mob caries ua rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Muaj qhov txhab me me nrog cov enamel tsaus, tab sis nws muaj cov qauv ntom ntom tsis hloov pauv.
- Thaum qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, cov enamel yuav tsis sib luag thiab ntxhib.
- Mob rhiab heev yog xyaum tsis tuaj lossis tshwm simqaug zog thiab tsis ntev, tsuas yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau thermal lossis mechanical cuam tshuam. Muaj ib tug ntse teb rau cov qab zib. Mob sai sai yog tias qhov ua rau raug tshem tawm.
- Enamel nrog rau daim ntawv them nyiaj yog xyaum tsis cuam tshuam, tab sis nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev puas tsuaj, dentin puas sai sai. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho hniav feem ntau ntsib nrog qhov xwm txheej uas, nrog rau cov enamel, kab noj hniav nrog cov ntaub so ntswg tuag sai sai.
- Cov kab noj hniav tshwm sim yog qhov tseeb, cov npoo tiaj tus thiab qhov nkag dav dav. Muaj pigmented thiab tuab dentin ntawm nws hauv qab thiab sab.
Cov kab mob caries ntev yog yam ntxwv los ntawm kev zam tsis tiav, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem nyob mus ib txhis thiab rov zoo dua vim muaj ntau yam.
Yog vim li cas
Cov kws kho hniav tau rov hais dua cov kev xav sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob caries ntev. Tab sis Miller lub tswv yim tshuaj-parasitic, uas tau tsim thiab ua pov thawj nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, suav hais tias yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws. Raws li nws, caries tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov organic acids tsim los ntawm pathogens.
Qhov ua rau mob plab thiab mob ntev yog tib yam. Pathology tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam. Cov laj thawj feem ntau suav nrog:
- Kev noj zaub mov tsis sib npaug, uas yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov carbohydrates ceev, tab sis tsis muaj cov khoom uas pab saturate lub enamel nrog cov vitamins thiab kab kawm.
- Cov kab mob sib kis tau raug kev txom nyem thaum lub sijhawm pom cov ntaub so ntswg tawv.
- Tsis muaj fluoride hauv dej.
- Genetic factor.
Cov kws kho hniav tau pom tias kev them nyiaj caries feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob metabolic thiab endocrine pathologies, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Cov laj thawj hauv zos suav nrog:
- Tsis muaj lossis tsis txaus ntawm kev tu lub qhov ncauj, vim yog cov kab mob nquag ua haujlwm ntau.
- Enamel demineralization.
- Pathologies uas ua rau txo qis hauv kev tsim cov qaub ncaug thiab hloov pauv hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- Congenital anomalies nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov hniav thiab lub puab tsaig.
- Tsawg tsis kam thiab hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm txhua cov ntaub so ntswg.
Nrog rau lub sijhawm tshem tawm ntawm cov xwm txheej no, nws yuav txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob. Kev mus ntsib kws kho hniav raws sij hawm thiab saib xyuas qhov ncauj kom zoo yuav pab tau qhov no.
Nyob rau me nyuam
Cov kab mob caries ntawm cov mis nyuj cov hniav tshwm ntau dua. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob no yog vim qee cov niam txiv tau lig rau kev qhia lawv cov menyuam txog kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob pathologies, txhuam koj cov hniav tam sim tom qab qhov tawg ntawm thawj incisor. Nrog tsawg los yog tsis muaj kev ntxuav qhov ncauj, qaub ncaug tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom tag nrho cov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob thiab tiv nrog cov tsos mob ntawm qee yam kab mob.
Cov niam txiv yuam kev ntseeg tias cov hniav ntawm cov mis nyuj tuaj yeem tso tseg tsis kho, vim lawv tseem hloov pauv mus tas li, yog li ntawd lawv tsis coj lawv cov menyuam mus rau kws kho hniav. Tab sis qhov tseeb, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav ntawm cov mis nyuj cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej mus tas li. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob nrog caries, lawv cov rudiments raug cuam tshuam, yog li ntawdcov hniav tshiab erupt twb mob.
Stages
Tus kab mob no muaj 4 theem. Kev hloov pauv ntawm pathology ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov qeeb thiab yuav luag tsis pom:
- chaw me ntsis. Tus kab mob yog manifested los ntawm cov tsos ntawm ib tug unnaturally dawb me me qhov chaw ntawm lub enamel, uas yog zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov xim rau chalk. Lub sijhawm no yog hu ua "chalky spot stage" los ntawm kws kho hniav. Nws yog reversible kiag li, uas yog, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm caries yuav tsum tau nres. Cov tsos ntawm stain yog txuam nrog cov leaching ntawm cov vitamin thiab minerals los ntawm enamel.
- Khsolesficial ntev caries. Thaum lub sijhawm no, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov enamel raug pom, thaum lub qhov me me thiab kab noj hniav nrog cov npoo maj mam tshwm rau ntawm nws. Cov pob liab liab maj mam tsaus. Lawv cov xim tuaj yeem yog los ntawm lub teeb xim av mus rau tsaus grey. Tsis muaj qhov mob tshwm sim, thiab thaum lub sij hawm kuaj xyuas ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam, nws tau qhia tias qhov chaw yog heterogeneous thiab xoob.
- Nyob nruab nrab caries. Nws nkag mus rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm dentin. Nws tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov nce ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob tshwm sim, uas ploj mus tom qab tshem tawm ntawm qhov ua rau khaus, thiab los ntawm kev tsim cov kab noj hniav nqaim.
- Kab mob sib sib zog nqus. Cov theem no suav hais tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Nrog nws, loj tsaus xim av lossis dub kab noj hniav tshwm. Kuj tseem muaj qhov nthuav dav ntawm qhov chaw interdental. Ntug ntawm cov hniav raug rhuav tshem kom nws cov npoo tuaj yeem hnov nrog tus nplaig. Thaum caries rhuav tshem cov enamel thiab dentin, nws txav mus rau lub pulp. Tsis muaj qhov mob hnyav tas li. Cov tsos mob no yog ib ntus thiab tshwm simtsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm irritants.
Diagnosis
Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias muaj cov kab mob ntev ntev ntawm cov kab mob caries, ntau hom kev xeem yuav tsum tau:
- Kev tshuaj xyuas pom. Tus kws kho hniav tshuaj xyuas qhov mob ntawm qhov ncauj, txiav txim siab qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav.
- Kho cov ntaub so ntswg tawv nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb, uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov txheej txheem pathological thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Yog tias qhov chaw tsaus yog pom tau, ces nws yuav tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem carious hauv lawv.
- YElectroodontometry. Cov txheej txheem pab tsim kom muaj qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub pulp. Yog tias qhov mob tshwm sim luv luv tshwm sim thaum raug tam sim no, qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov tawg ntawm cov hniav no cuam tshuam los ntawm caries.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub cuab yeej "Diagnodent". Los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov enamel nrog lub teeb tsis muaj zog, nws txheeb xyuas cov teeb pom kev zoo. Yog tias kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov qauv ntawm cov enamel pom tau, cov cuab yeej ceeb toom txog qhov no.
- X-ray. Pom tsis pom thaum kuaj pom, caries tsuas yog kuaj pom ntawm x-ray. Hauv daim duab, cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv yuav yog lub teeb, thiab qhov chaw puas tsuaj yuav dub. X-ray yuav pab txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm caries rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho mob caries zoo ib yam li kev kho mob hnyav. Qhov txawv yog tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv mob ntev ntawm tus kab mob, kev kho mob yog tsom rau kev txwv tsis pub cov txheej txheem carious, nrog rau kev tshem tawm qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob. Raws li theem ntawm tus kab mob, tus kws kho hniavxaiv txoj kev kho. Tus neeg lub hnub nyoog thiab lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
txheej txheem no suav nrog saturation ntawm enamel nrog calcium thiab phosphorus. Nrog remineralization, enamel ntom thiab nws cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg yog rov qab, rhiab heev yog txo. Rau lub hom phiaj no, 2 txhais tau tias yog siv:
- Txoj kev "Txhim Kho" 3%.
- Calcium Gluconate 10%.
Txhua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv rau cov hniav ntxuav rau 10-15 feeb. Yuav tsum raug lub teeb tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm no txhawm rau txhim kho kev nkag mus ntawm cov zaub mov.
Tag nrho cov khoom yog siv rau hauv ob peb txheej, tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas siv cov swab. Cia lub enamel qhuav. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib ntsib yog teem los ntawm tus kws kho mob, coj mus rau hauv tus account theem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Cov txheej txheem no siv tau rau cov kab mob enamel thawj zaug.
Fluoridation
Kev kho cov kab mob ntev ntev hauv txoj kev no zoo ib yam li remineralization. Tsuas yog cov hniav raug them nrog cov khoom uas muaj fluoride. Nrog lawv daim ntawv thov, muaju yog tsim uas sau microcracks hauv cov enamel. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov nkag mus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev, cov hniav raug pom los ntawm ultraviolet rays.
Fluoridation txo cov kab mob caries, tiv thaiv nws qhov tshwm sim ntawm lwm cov hniav. Cov txheej txheem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, tsub kom qhov ceev ntawm enamel. Fluoridation yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj ib xyoos ib zaug thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev sib khitawg
Cov txheej txheem yog ua rau cov kab mob sab nraud, thaum sib khi ntawm cov furrows ntawm cov molars. Ua ntej, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev npaj ntawm fissures tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd qhov chaw kho kom huv yog npog nrog lub luag haujlwm hnyav, uas muaj cov khoom siv remineralizing. Sealing ceev ceev, lub furrows ntawm ib lub caij raug kaw tsis pub dhau 15 feeb.
Cov txheej txheem siv yog tias cov txheej txheem puas tsuaj tau cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov hniav. Nws suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab tsim cov kab noj hniav rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub foob. Yog tias qhov mob cuam tshuam rau cov nqaij mos, ces kev kho mob yog nqa tawm nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Thaum ntxuav tas, cov kab noj hniav raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, cov hauv paus kwj dej thiab cov kab noj hniav raug kaw nrog cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv rau kev txhaws yog xaiv nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus hniav mob thiab nws txoj haujlwm. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev txhaws yog 40-50 feeb, thiab yog tias koj tsis tas yuav rho tawm cov hlab ntsha, ces lub sij hawm yuav raug txo los ntawm yuav luag ib nrab.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob caries ntev yuav tso cai tshem tawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai yooj yim:
- Kev kho hniav raws sij hawm yuav tsum tau kho cov kab mob, uas ua rau kev loj hlob thiab kis ntawm pathogenic microflora.
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom huv thiab ua tau zoo ntawm lub qhov ncauj siv cov tshuaj remineralizinganti-inflammatory pastes thiab yaug.
- txhuam hniav txhua hnub yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav los ntawm kev siv cov txhuam hniav, irrigator, txhuam hniav.
- Kev noj haus yuav tsum sib npaug. Tshem tawm lossis txo cov khoom ci thiab cov carbohydrates yooj yim noj.
- Tsis txhob zom cov txiv ntoo, cov noob tawg, lossis siv cov khoom ntse los tshem cov zaub mov.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob raug mob enamel.
- Koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho hniav txhua rau lub hlis txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab kho raws sijhawm ntawm cov kab mob uas tau txheeb xyuas.
Kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no tso cai rau koj kom cov hniav noj qab haus huv. Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum hu rau koj tus kws kho hniav kom kho tau zoo.
