Lub raum ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lim roj ntsha uas ua kom lub cev sib xws. Nws yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum uas pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov khoom lag luam metabolic, thiab tseem tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug hauv lub cev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus, txog 2000 litres ntawm cov ntshav mus rau lub raum txhua hnub, uas tsim txog li 2 litres ntawm cov zis theem nrab.
Tau kawg, hauv qhov xwm txheej nrog cov menyuam yaus, cov duab no me dua, thiab lawv hloov pauv nyob ntawm hnub nyoog. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, pyelectasis raws li ICD-10 muaj Q63 code, feem ntau nws yog los ntawm lub raum, txij li thaum lub raum tau tso rau ntawm 2 lub hlis ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm intrauterine.
Yog vim li cas
Tus kab mob raum no tshwm sim los ntawm:
- nqaim ntawm ureter;
- malformations ntawm lub raum hlab ntsha;
- metabolic ntshawv siab;
- kev loj hlob txawv txav ntawm cov kabmob ntawm cov zis.
Cov teeb meem raum saum toj no tshwm sim ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetus thaum cev xeeb tub.
Risk Factor
Risk yam yog:
- tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau;
- irradiation (txawm tias kho cov kab mob benign);
- kab mob hauv lub cev;
- nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo;
- ureter raug mob;
- tus cwj pwm phem.
Yam sai dua qhov tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm tus menyuam lub raum raug tshem tawm, qhov pom tsis pom qhov tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim.
Qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog ua tau thaum cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov, thaum pib ntawm embryogenesis. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv, nws raug nquahu kom ua ultrasound hauv lub sijhawm. Tau txais pyelectasis tshwm sim feem ntau thaum thawj xyoo lossis thib ob ntawm lub neej.
Symptomatics
Thawj zaug, pyeloectasia tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tiav. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no tshwm sim thaum tsuas yog ib lub raum koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kab mob, txij li lub raum noj qab haus huv tau ntsib ntau dhau, ua nws txoj haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Cov cim qhia tau meej dua tuaj yeem qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm ob sab txheej txheem ntawm pyelectasis.
Cov tsos mob hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab
Kev tshwm sim sab nraud ntawm qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub plab yuav txawv nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov txiv neej laus. Cov menyuam mos yug tshiab muaj cov tsos mob tsis tshwj xeeb:
- nquag quaj;
- kev hlub;
- temperature;
- poob qab los;
- hloov tus cwj pwm;
- ntua;
- txo kev ua si;
- mob plab;
- pallor;
- kev xav.
Cov tsos mob hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools
Thaum cov menyuam yaus pyelectasis feem ntau txhawj xeeb txog qhov mob nraub qaum, hauv pliaj thiab plab, qhov mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd tsis muaj zog. Ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov muaj cov kua paug hauv cov zis, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv nws turbidity. Feem ntau ib qho ntim ntawm cov zis hloov pauv. Yog li, hauv cov menyuam yaus, tus mob no tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm niam txiv, tab sis cov neeg laus feem ntau tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej cov tsos mob no.
Qee lub sij hawm tom qab tus kab mob no tshwm sim, tus neeg mob yuav muaj intoxication ntawm lub cev, vim hais tias tus me nyuam yuav muaj xws li xeev siab, ntuav, thiab tsis kam noj mov.
Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej, ureter tuaj yeem prolapse rau hauv cov zis, thiab hauv cov poj niam, mus rau hauv qhov chaw mos. Lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub ureter narrows, ib tug cystic thiab spherical protrusion ntawm intravesical seem nyob rau hauv lub ureter yog tsim. Cov zis los ntawm kab noj hniav los ntawm ureter rov qab mus rau lub raum. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ureter kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob tso zis.
Ultrasound rau pyeloectasia
Lub sijhawm teem sijhawm kuaj mob, pib txij lub lim tiam 17 ntawm cev xeeb tub, kuaj pom pyeloectasia ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Hydronephrosis thiab pyelectasis raug kuaj pom siv lub plab plab lossis lub raum ultrasound. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj mob radiopaque (urography, cystography) tuaj yeem ua tau. Qhov ntim ntawm lub plab mog yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov tom qab tso zis. Thaum kuaj pom tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua ultrasoundtom qab tus me nyuam yug los.
Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub genitourinary system, congenital pyeloectasia feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov tub hluas dua li cov ntxhais, tab sis nws daws sai dua. Kev kho mob tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Txhawm rau kom tswj tau qhov muaj zog ntawm qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub plab, ultrasound ua plaub zaug hauv ib xyoos. Anatomically, lub raum nrog pyelectasis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam nyob rau sab laug yog me ntsis loj thiab siab dua - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum nyeem qhov xaus ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob.
Urolithiasis tseem yuav tsum tau ultrasound, lub raum x-ray, xam tomography thiab lwm txoj hauv kev txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub pob zeb thiab taug qab lawv txoj kev txav mus los. Qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kho menyuam yaus lossis kws kho mob urologist raws li qhov xaus ntawm tus kws kho mob ultrasound.
Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los nthuav qhia pyelectasis ntawm lub raum yog suav tias yog kev kawm. Thawj thawj zaug, xws li kev ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim intrauterine. Twb tau tom qab yug me nyuam, txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsum tau ua txhua txhua 2-3 lub hlis mus txog rau 1 xyoos, thiab tom qab ntawd - 1 zaug hauv rau lub hlis. Ntxiv nrog rau ultrasound, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj cov zis ib ntus (ntev, raws li Nechiporenko, thiab lwm yam).
Thaum pyeloectasia ntawm ob lub raum thaum lub sijhawm ultrasound, cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no tau tshwm sim:
- megaureter - ureter o;
- urethrocele - lub ureter tso rau hauv lub zais zis, o hauv daim ntawv ntawm npuas, thiab nkag mus rau nws nqaim;
- vesicoureteral reflux - cov zis tso zis rau lwm qhov kev coj;
- Y hydronephrosis -nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm lub plab mog, thiab cov ducts tseem compressed;
- ectopic ureter - duct plunges rau hauv cov zis hauv cov txiv neej, thiab mus rau hauv qhov chaw mos ntawm cov ntxhais;
- muaj cov urethral li qub tom qab ua rau ob sab pyelectasis thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov ureters.
Thaum kuaj pom tus kab mob kev loj hlob, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv qab no raug sau tseg: cystography, excretory urography, CT ntawm lub raum.
kev kho mob
Ob sab pyelectasis hauv tus menyuam yog ib yam mob ntawm cov kabmob ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm rau kev tso zis, uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv lub plab mog. Cov mob no feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov txiv neej, vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm lawv cov kab mob genitourinary.
Pyeloectasia ntawm ob lub raum, nyob ntawm qhov chaw, qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub excretory system, suav nrog kev siv txoj kev tos, kev phais (qhov mob hnyav heev), nrog rau kev kho tshuaj. Piv txwv li, yog tias pyelectasis pom nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam mos los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos, urologist pom zoo kom tos, yuav tsum tau mus kuaj tas li thiab ultrasound. Tib lub tswv yim siv tau rau cov neeg laus uas muaj tus kab mob thawj zaug.
Tshuaj
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pathology uas tau provoked los ntawm o los yog kab mob, kev siv conservative kev kho mob ntawm pyeloectasia nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mobTus neeg mob tau sau ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov zaub mov thiab cov vitamins, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv.
Tsis tas li, txhawm rau tshem tawm ob sab pyelectasis hauv cov menyuam yaus, probiotics yog siv los pab kho thiab tiv thaiv plab hnyuv microflora los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas lub siab pelvis tau nthuav los ntawm cov ntshav siab nyob rau hauv lub urinary system, tus kws kho mob urologist yuav sau ntawv siv myotropic antispasmodics. Lawv so cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm excretory system.
Yog pob zeb tsim nyob rau hauv ob lub raum, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov zis tawm, kev kho mob yuav tsum tau tsoo lawv thiab tshem tawm. Feem ntau siv "Fitolysin", "Canephron", thiab lwm yam.
kev kho neeg zoo
Kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum ntawm lub raum hauv tus menyuam yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj pathology uas tsis tshwm sim tsis muaj laj thawj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kab mob no tsis yog ib txwm suav tias yog kab mob, feem ntau pyelectasis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tsis muaj qhov ua rau pathological. Tab sis yog tias kuaj pom pathology hauv tus menyuam, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv sai li sai tau thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob.
Cov tshuaj niaj hnub muaj ob peb yam zaub mov txawv uas pab tshem tawm tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm pyelectasis ntawm lub raum sab xis hauv tus menyuam. Lawv kuj pab nrog cov kab mob ntawm lub raum sab laug. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv qhov kev ua yog ua raws li kev tshem tawm cov pob zeb, xuab zeb thiab ntsev los ntawm cov zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv normalize kev ua haujlwmlub cev thiab suppress cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
Daim ntawv qhia ua tau zoo
Rau kev kho tus menyuam nrog pyeloectasia ntawm lub raum sab laug (thiab sab xis), siv cov zaub mov nram qab no:
- YInfusion ntawm juniper txiv hmab txiv ntoo, birch buds, dandelion keeb kwm: noj 1 tbsp. l. zoo crushed raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tsob nroj, muab tso rau hauv ib lub thermos thiab ncuav 1 liter ntawm boiling dej. Tom qab 12 teev, lub broth yog lim thiab noj ntawm 0.5 tbsp. peb zaug ib hnub.
- Infusion ntawm adonis, oats, horsetail thiab nettle: raws li nyob rau hauv lub dhau los version, ib tug sib tov ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yog coj, kuj ncuav nrog boiling dej, infused rau 12 teev thiab noj 4 zaug ib hnub twg, 50 ml txhua.
- Knotweed infusion: Cov dej haus no tau pom zoo kom npaj rau menyuam yaus txhua hnub. Rau nws cov kev npaj 1,5 tbsp. l. tshuaj ntsuab yuav tsum tau ncuav 1 tbsp. boiling dej thiab tawm rau 2 teev. Cov dej haus strained yog noj me me hauv ib hnub.
- Vitamin infusion ntawm qus sawv: ib tug puv tes ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog poured rau hauv ib lub thermos thiab ncuav 2 liv dej kub. Cov infusion yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau 2 teev thiab noj me ntsis txhua hnub, kom txog thaum tus mob yog tag nrho normalized. Koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv me ntsis zib mu rau infusion los txhim kho nws saj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog pyelectasis, nws yog qhov zoo rau haus infusions ntawm blackcurrant, cranberry thiab lingonberry.
- Infusion ntawm dye madder rau pyeloectasia nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam nyob rau sab xis los yog sab laug: nws yog tsim nyog los zom cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo, ntxiv 1 tbsp. l. nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib saucepan thiab ncuav 1 tbsp. dej kub. Cov tshuaj npaj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau ib tug boil, boil rau txog 7 feeb tshaj tsawg tshav kub. Tom qab ntawd lub broth yog txias, lim thiab nojua ntej noj mov, 50 ml. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam tso zis liab - koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai qhov no!
Lub sijhawm kho yuav tsum tau pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau tus menyuam. Yog tias qhia tau, yuav tsum tau phais.
Surgery
Pyeloectasia ntawm ob lub raum hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yog cov txheej txheem pathological hnyav heev, thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam muaj qhov loj ntawm nws lub plab mog. Ib hom mob me me ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam cov zis.
Kev cuam tshuam kev phais feem ntau tuaj yeem raug sau rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm ob sab pyelectasis lossis ib sab, yog tias muaj tus kab mob hnyav. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog los kho cov patency ntawm cov urethra, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov zis tawm ntawm cov zis. Feem ntau, kev phais tsis raug mob thiab tsis nyuaj, nws tau ua tiav endoscopically, tsis muaj kev phais ntau.
Yog tias kev phais mob pyelectasis hauv tus menyuam ntawm sab xis lossis sab laug tau ua tam sim tom qab tshawb pom tus kabmob, tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo rov tshwm sim dua yav tom ntej, tab sis cov xwm txheej zoo li no muaj tsawg. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus txog li 5-7 xyoo. Thaum lub sijhawm rov tshwm sim, pyelectasis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv me me, thiab nws tsis tas yuav rov ua haujlwm.
Feem ntau, nrog pyelectasis, qhov kev mob tshwm sim tom qab phais hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov zoo, thiab yog tias tseem xav tau kev ua haujlwm, ntshai nwstsis tsim nyog - nws yuav ua rau lub cev rov zoo li qub, thiab tseem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem loj thiab kab mob.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Yuav kom tus kab mob xws li pyelectasis tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus tom qab yug los lossis hauv cov neeg laus, kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws:
- Tsis txhob saib tsis taus tus kheej tu cev.
- Tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob hauv lub raum ua ntej.
- Nyob zoo thiab ua raws li kev noj zaub mov zoo.
- Tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm urolithiasis: haus dej kom zoo, noj cov tshuaj diuretics.
Lwm txoj kev
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm urolithiasis, ntxuav lub raum kom zoo nrog cov txiv lws suav. Xws li purification yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug, thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub watermelon ripens. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev diuretic uas zoo tshem tawm tsis tau tsuas yog xuab zeb los ntawm ob lub raum, tab sis kuj me me pob zeb nrog rau cov zis kwj.
Rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, nws raug nquahu kom siv tshuaj ntsuab. Cov tshuaj kuj muab cov nyhuv diuretic, tshem tawm cov xuab zeb nrog cov pob zeb los ntawm ob lub raum thiab pab kho cov txheej txheem ntev hauv txhua lub cev, rov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm ob lub raum. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tshuaj kho pej xeem yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, tsis zoo li cov tshuaj, tsis yog rau cov neeg laus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov menyuam yaus me me.
