Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav tsis yog tus yuam sij rau kev noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub luag haujlwm zoo nkauj. Qhov ncaj koj cov hniav, qhov zoo nkauj dua. Tab sis tam sim no, nws tsis tshua muaj neeg pom qhov raug tom. Ntau zuj zus, cov niam txiv coj lawv cov menyuam muaj teeb meem ntawm cov hniav xoob thiab lwm yam kev kho hniav. Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov raug tom thiab qhov sib txawv yog dab tsi, peb kawm los ntawm kab lus no.
Bite - yog dab tsi?
Raws li kev kho mob cov lus hais, kev mob plab yog ib qho kev npaj ntawm cov hniav uas sib ntsib nruj ua ke. Kuj muaj xws li occlusion. Cov kws kho hniav feem ntau siv nws los ua ib qho kev xaiv rau hom kaw cov hniav. Nws tshwm sim tias kev kho hniav tuaj yeem sib txawv. Muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm tom:
- permanent;
- physiological;
- pathological.
Txhua hom tsiaj tuaj yeem txiav txim tau thaum cov hniav tag lawmtsim. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ob thiab kaum tsib.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "orthodontics"
Ntau tus neeg xav tsis thoob thaum lawv hla lub tswv yim zoo li orthodontics hauv kev kho hniav. Nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm txoj kev kho mob, uas yog tsim los kho congenital malocclusion. Yog hais tias cov hniav nyob deb ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, yog tias lawv loj tuaj, yog tias tus me nyuam muaj qhov tsis raug tom, tag nrho cov teeb meem zoo nkauj no tau daws los ntawm tus kws kho hniav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam orthodontics nrog orthopedics. Hauv thawj kis, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus uas tau txais thaum yug los, thiab qhov thib ob, tus neeg tau txais cov kab mob pathology hauv nws lub neej.
Rau ob peb txhiab xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, orthodontics tau dhau los ua qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev kho hniav. Txhawm rau kho qhov "smile", siv cov braces tshwj xeeb, lawv tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov. Cov xauv xauv yog txuas nrog cov hniav siv cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb, thiab tag nrho cov kab ke "txhawb" lub cev kom sawv ntsug kom raug rau ib leeg. Nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov pib mob, kev kho mob tuaj yeem siv li ntawm plaub lub hlis mus rau 1.5 xyoo. Peb cia siab tias koj to taub qhov teeb meem orthodontics daws teeb meem hauv kev kho hniav, nws yog dab tsi thiab cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem xav tau. Cia peb mus.
Dab tsi malocclusion anomalies muaj
Ntawm pathologies, raws li txoj cai, tsis yog congenital defects, vim hais tias txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav siv sij hawm ntev heev los tsim. Muaj ob peb theem tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm ntawdhom tom yog hloov kho:
- temporary;
- formed ib ntus;
- mixed;
- permanent.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm pob txha loj hlob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sij hawm no tuaj yeem ua rau malocclusion. Nyob rau hauv sib txawv, qhov no manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Feem ntau cov pathologies yog raws li nram no:
- progenic tom;
- medial;
- hloov;
- dystopia.
Yog hais tias qhov misalignment ntawm cov hniav yog vim lub puab tsaig sab sauv, peb tab tom tham txog qhov tom. Medial tshwm sim thaum lub puab tsaig qis los rau pem hauv ntej heev. Qhov tseeb variant ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav yog ib qho orthognathic tom.
Yam raug tom
Tsuas yog ua tsis tau raws li tib neeg lub siab, ces koj yuav tsis ntsib tib cov hniav. Txawm tias lawv qhov chaw raug tseem muaj qee yam sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nrog rau qhov zoo li ntawm qhov kaw. Orthognathic tom yog suav tias yog tus qauv ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham txog nws yog dab tsi.
Yog tus kws kho hniav hais tias ib tus neeg muaj mob orthognathic tom, nws cov yam ntxwv yuav ua raws li hauv qab no: kab sab sauv me ntsis npog qhov qis dua, thiab cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv npog lub hauv paus qis incisors los ntawm ib feem peb.
Tseem muaj ib yam li qhov ncaj qha ntawm kev kho hniav. Zoo li orthognathic, qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Hauv qhov no, cov hniav tsis kaw ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog kaw nruj nreem.
Progenic tom yog ib txoj kab zoo ntawmtxawv txav thiab qhov chaw ib txwm muaj. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tswv, lub puab tsaig sab sauv, raws li txoj cai, raug thawb mus rau pem hauv ntej, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kaw ntom ntom ntawm cov hniav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li hom physiological.
Cim pom ntawm qhov raug tom hauv cov neeg laus
Tej zaum, txhua tus xav txog cov lus nug ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog qhov raug tom. Ua ntej, nws zoo nkauj, thiab qhov thib ob, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav (thiab tsis yog xwb) nyob ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no peb yuav kawm txog cov cim ntawm orthognathic tom.
Diag nws raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Thaum lub puab tsaig kaw, cov tubercle anterior nyob rau sab saum toj nkag mus rau qis dua.
- Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab incisors yuav tsum yog 2-3 mm.
- Cov hniav yuav tsum tsis txhob tig axially, yog tias qhov chaw zoo lawv nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis me ntsis ntawm qhov kev taw qhia anteroposterior.
Cim pom ntawm qhov raug tom hauv me nyuam
Orthognathic tom ntawm cov hniav hauv cov menyuam yog txhais txawv me ntsis:
- Yog lub puab tsaig nyob, yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw me me ntawm cov kab (2 mus rau 3 hli).
- 1/3 - qhov no yog li cas kab hauv qab sib tshooj nrog kab saum toj kawg nkaus.
- Lub sab sauv zoo li ib nrab-ellipse, thiab qis dua yuav tsum tsim lub parabola.
- Cov hniav saum toj thiab hauv qab yuav tsum sib luag.
- Qhov nruab nrab ntsug kab kos ntawm qhov incisors ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab sab qis yuav tsum sib phim.
- Txhua tus hniav yuav tsum muajob antagonists txhua tus, qhov no siv rau ob sab saum toj thiab hauv qab kab.
Tag nrho cov cim qhia ntawm orthognathic tom hauv tus menyuam tuaj yeem kuaj pom ua ntej hnub nyoog 12 xyoos, tab sis yog tias koj pom tias muaj kev sib txawv ntawm tus qauv, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho hniav tam sim ntawd kom pab.
Cov kab mob no txaus ntshai npaum li cas?
Yuav luag txhua qhov mob tsis zoo ib txwm muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub plab zom mov raug kev txom nyem, vim tias cov zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem zom tau zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug qhib hom ntawm pathology, txij li thaum lub zom muaj nuj nqi yuav luag tsis tuaj. Ntawm lwm yam, xws li kev ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hniav lawv tus kheej, vim tias cov khoom thauj ntawm lawv tsis sib xws, vim li ntawd, cov kab mob periodontal tuaj yeem pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30-40.
Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, vim yog pathology ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav, cov kab mob ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm lub tuam tsev tsim. Tom qab ntawd, tus neeg yuav raug mob taub hau, ntxiv rau, yuav muaj qee lub suab nrov thaum qhib lub qhov ncauj. Nrog qee hom kev tsis sib xws, cov nqaij mos ntawm lub qhov ncauj tuaj yeem raug mob.
Tsis tas li, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev zoo nkauj, vim tias nrog kev ua tsis zoo, qhov profile ntawm lub ntsej muag ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov kev txom nyem, qhov curvature ntawm cov hniav raug nthuav tawm. Nrog rau hom frontal, kev hais lus feem ntau nyuaj. Thiab, piv txwv li, nrog hom progenic, ua pa nyuaj dua, thiab qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev phais yog qhov tsim nyog.
Yam koj yuav tsum paubniam-to-be
Vim tias qee zaum muaj kab mob pathological tshwm sim txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab hauv plab, cov niam uas xav tau yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau qhov teeb meem xws li qib calcium hauv lub cev. Feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov uas tus menyuam xav tau, pib txij lub lim tiam 20: lub sijhawm no, nws cov hniav pib tsim. Tom qab yug me nyuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom pub niam mis thiab pub tus me nyuam. Thaum ib tug me nyuam yug los, nws lub puab tsaig qis, raws li txoj cai, me ntsis me dua lub sab sauv, tab sis tom qab ib pliag txhua yam nce. Hauv qhov no, kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog tias koj tau txheeb xyuas tus kab mob pathology, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Niaj hnub no muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho hniav orthodontic yuav pab koj daws cov teeb meem saum toj no sai yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis txhob ncua lo lus nug no rau yav tom ntej, vim tias tom qab ntawd nws yuav nyuaj dua kom tshem tau tus kab mob. Yog tias koj pom cov hniav nkhaus hauv tus menyuam yaus, tam sim ntawd mus rau tus kws kho hniav thiab muab cov hlua khi: thaum ntxov, tus kab mob no kho tau yooj yim dua.
