Tshuaj uas txhawb kev sib sib zog nqus, tsaug zog ntev yog hu ua tshuaj tsaug zog. Lawv lub npe scientific yog hypnotics. Pharmacology distinguishes ntau chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj no. Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim, pharmacokinetics, indications thiab contraindications rau kev txais neeg kawm, muaj tshwm sim tshwm sim thiab qhov zaus ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob kuj txawv.
Vim li cas pw tsaug zog teeb meem
Muaj kev xav tias insomnia yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tsaug zog, thiab tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus. Tej kev xav ntawd yog yuam kev. Insomnia yog tus cwj pwm tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm poob rau hauv kev pw tsaug zog, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev tsaug zog ntau zaus thaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab txhua tus poj niam txiv neej. Sawv ntxov (yog tias tag nrho lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog tsawg dua tsib teev) yog hom insomnia.
Raws liKev faib tawm ntawm hypnotics, nyob rau hauv pharmacology muaj ob pawg loj ntawm cov tshuaj: nrog thiab tsis muaj cov nyhuv narcotic. Lawv, dhau los, muab faib ua lwm pab pawg.
cov tshuaj tsaug zog thiab kev npaj tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom: ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj ntsiav, syrups, ampoules nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj yog nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg mob.
Dab tsi ua rau muaj teeb meem pw tsaug zog:
- mob nkees, tsis tu ncua lub cev thiab kev xav-kev xav ntau dhau;
- ua haujlwm hmo ntuj (cov kws kho mob, tub ceev xwm, tub rog) cuam tshuam rau theem pw tsaug zog thiab ua rau cov neeg hauv cov haujlwm no raug kev txom nyem los ntawm teeb meem pw tsaug zog ntev;
- qee yam kab mob endocrine (tus kab mob thyroid);
- organic hlwb puas;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob taub hau thiab raug mob;
- pab tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb;
- kev nyuaj siab thiab ntxhov siab vim;
- noj tshuaj puas hlwb;
- premenstrual syndrome hauv cov poj niam;
- hypochondria thiab obsessive-compulsive disorder;
- ntxhais mob rau cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Tus kws kho mob twg sau tshuaj rau kev ua siab ntev?
Feem ntau cov tshuaj hypnotic pharmacology tsis tuaj yeem yuav yam tsis muaj daim ntawv xaj los ntawm kws kho mob, vim lawv nyob hauv cov npe tshuaj muaj zog. Ib tug tib neeg uas muaj teeb meem pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem mus qhov twg kom tau daim ntawv no?
rauUa ntej koj yuav tsum nqa daim coupon rau kev teem caij nrog tus kws kho mob hauv zos. Piav koj tus mob rau nws. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias tus kws kho mob yuav qhia cov tshuaj thiab txawm tias sau ntawv. Qee zaum, yog tias cov tsos mob piav qhia los ntawm tus neeg mob hnyav heev, nws raug xa mus rau kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob hlwb lossis kws kho hlwb. Lawv tuaj yeem sau daim ntawv sau tshuaj rau cov muaj zog hypnotics. Cov tshuaj tsaug zog hauv pharmacology sawv sib nrug: los ntawm lawv qhov kev ua, lawv tau muab cais ua cov tshuaj psychotropic. Feem ntau lawv lub sijhawm teem tseg yog cuam tshuam nrog kev xav tau kev saib xyuas tas li ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob hauv IPA.
Tus kws kho mob neuropathologist, raws li txoj cai, pom hauv cheeb tsam tsev kho mob, tab sis tus kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws sab laj cov neeg mob hauv PND, uas nyob hauv ntau lub nroog nyob hauv ib lub tsev sib cais thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv cais ntawm cov neeg mob nrhiav kev pab.
Non-narcotic hypnotics: kev faib tawm
Pharmacology txawv ntau pawg ntawm hypnotics. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ntau yam tshuaj. Tag nrho lawv txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Ntau pawg loj ntawm cov tsis muaj tshuaj yeeb, uas yog, tsis ua rau lub cev thiab lub siab xav, tshuaj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Ybenzodiazepines;
- nonbenzodiazepines;
- histamine receptor blockers;
- GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) derivatives.
Txhua yam tshuaj ntawm pawg no muaj hypnotic, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, sedative teebmeem. Qee tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev qab los noj mov, lwm tus muaj tshuaj lom rau lub siab. Hais txog txhua pawg ntawm hypnoticsyuav piav qhia hauv qab no hauv kab lus.
Narcotic hypnotics: daim ntawv thov nta
Cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj nruj me ntsis, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev thiab lub siab xav tau. Yog tias tus neeg mob nyuaj pw tsaug zog tsis muaj lawv, ces noj cov tshuaj no, nws tsaug zog zoo thiab ntev. Tab sis tom qab ib hlis, kev kam rau siab tuaj yeem txhim kho, thiab tus neeg mob xav tau cov tshuaj tsaug zog ntau ntxiv.
Pharmacology maj mam txav deb ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj no, vim lawv feem ntau ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li qhov zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhawj xeeb loj ntawm kev lag luam txuas ntxiv tsim cov tshuaj hypnotics rau cov txiaj ntsig.
Cov tshuaj no hu ua barbiturates. Lawv muaj zog hypnotic nyhuv. Tsuas yog ib tug neeg tom qab noj tshuaj tsis tsaug zog nrog kev pw tsaug zog zoo, tab sis poob rau hauv lub coma tiag tiag vim yog tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Benzodiazepines: txoj cai ntawm kev ua thiab cov npe tshuaj
Tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg no tau muab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev ntxhov siab tas li, teeb meem pw tsaug zog, phobias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, benzodiazepine derivatives ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv neurology. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kev tawm tsam, neuroses, obsessive-compulsive disorders thiab paj hlwb, tam sim no tsis yog ib tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho hlwb tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tau sau tshuaj los ntawm benzodiazepine series rau tus neeg mob. Cov tshuaj no yog ib yam tshuaj uas nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv pharmacology.
Raws li kev faib cov tshuaj tsaug zog thiab cov lus piav qhia, koj tuaj yeem ua tautxiav txim siab tias benzodiazepines yog cov tshuaj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub cev. Nrog rau kev siv ntev, txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib kev vam khom ntawm lub cev thiab kev quav tshuaj. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yog ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm GABA receptors.
Benzodiazepines tsis pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, delirium tremens thiab pathological intoxication. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev normalizing pw tsaug zog thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm cov tsos mob.
Cov npe nrov thiab nquag sau tshuaj benzodiazepines
Cov tshuaj benzodiazepines hauv qab no tau muab cais ua cov tshuaj tsaug zog:
- "Gidazepam". Nws muaj ib tug me me tranquilizing nyhuv thiab anticonvulsant nyhuv. Hauv cov khw muag tshuaj, lawv raug tso tawm nruj me ntsis los ntawm cov tshuaj. Daim ntawv tso tawm - ntsiav tshuaj dawb ntawm 30 mg lossis 50 mg. Tsis tsuas yog pab kom tsaug zog sai, tab sis kuj txo qis kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab.
- "Diazepam" muaj cov nyhuv hypnosedative. Tus kws kho mob paj hlwb tau sau ntau npaum li cas nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj tuaj yeem muaj ob qho tib si stimulating thiab sedative nyhuv.
- "Phenazepam" yog tshuaj tsaug zog. Tso tawm nruj me ntsis raws li daim ntawv qhia. Daim ntawv tso tawm - ntsiav tshuaj. Nws kuj muaj vasodilating thiab cov leeg nqaij relaxant. Pab cov neeg mob hauv lub xeev puas siab puas ntsws.
- "Nitrazepam" yog cov tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kev qaug dab peg thiab insomnia. Muab cov kws kho mob hlwb thiab cov kws kho mob hlwb ua cov tshuaj tsaug zog. Muag nruj me ntsis raws li daim ntawv qhia. NtawmKev noj tshuaj tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neurons.
Cov teebmeem ntawm benzodiazepines:
- nyob rau thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev noj ntawm lub paj hlwb: tsaug zog, tawm hws, nkees nkees, txo lub cev muaj zog;
- los ntawm txoj hnyuv: cem quav, txo txoj hnyuv motility, tsam plab;
- ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hlab plawv: txo cov ntshav siab, pulse teeb meem, tachycardia, angina pectoris.
Histamine receptor blockers
Kev npaj nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm cov leeg nqaij du, txo cov phab ntsa capillary permeability, muaj kev tiv thaiv edematous thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj ib tug pronounced sedative nyhuv ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, thaiv cholinergic receptors ntawm autonomic nodes. Cov nyhuv no tso cai rau kev siv cov tshuaj no ua hypnotics. Lawv cov kws kho mob tau kawm zoo. Nrog kev noj tshuaj kom raug, lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev vam khom tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj tsis tshua siv cov tshuaj no txhawm rau tshem tawm cov teeb meem pw tsaug zog. Feem ntau lawv tau muab tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev fab tshuaj ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb.
Cov tshuaj tsaug zog uas ua los ntawm thaiv cov tshuaj histamine:
- "Dimedrol". Tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab ampoules nrog ib tug tov rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Muajmuaj zog hypnotic thiab sedative nyhuv. Lawv tsis muag yam tsis muaj tshuaj.
- "Suprastin", "Tavegil" - siv feem ntau rau kev ua xua. Lawv muaj cov nyhuv hypnotic hais.
Muaj peev xwm tshwm sim ntawm histamine receptor blockers:
- tshuaj lom rau lub siab thiab lub raum;
- txo qis hauv qhov pom kev pom tseeb;
- mob taub hau;
- plab hnyuv;
- urticaria, dermatitis, eczema.
GABA derivatives
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) yog ib qho organic compound uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb thiab hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Muaj ntau ntau cov tshuaj hypnotic nyob rau hauv pharmacology uas ua tsis yog los ntawm ntshiab GABA nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis nws derivatives. Ua tsaug rau kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw, piv txwv li, nrog nicotinic acid hauv Picamilon, cov kws muag tshuaj tau ua tiav tsis yog cov nyhuv hypnotic nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj nootropic, uas yog qhov xav tau ntau hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua ntawm GABA-based hypnotics yog qhov yooj yim: kua qaub tsis yog ib qho inhibitory neurotransmitter, tab sis tus neeg nruab nrab lub luag haujlwm rau synchronizing pawg loj ntawm cov neurons ntawm qeeb nthwv dej. Qhov no tso cai rau tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom pw tsaug zog zoo thaum noj tshuaj, tab sis kuj ua kom tau txais kev txhim kho mus ntev txawm tias tom qab tso tseg cov tshuaj.
Lus npe tshuaj GABA
Daim npe ntawm cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm pawg tshuaj tsaug zog - GABA derivatives:
- "Phenibut". Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ua ib qho tshuaj rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub hnub qub. Nws yog muag los ntawm kws kho mob nkaus xwb. Nws yog ib tug nootropic nrog ib tug me ntsis tranquilizing nyhuv. Nyob ntawm seb qhov ntau npaum li cas, Phenibut kuj tuaj yeem muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm lub paj hlwb. Muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm tshem tawm syndrome. Muab rau cov menyuam uas muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws qeeb.
- "Piracetam". Muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dragees. Nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj synthesized nootropics nrog sedative, hypnotic, sedative nyhuv. Cov nyhuv ntawm hypnotics (GABA derivatives) yog qhov tsis meej: nrog kev nce ntxiv, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab pw tsaug zog. Yog li nrog kev noj tshuaj "Piracetam" koj yuav tsum ceev faj. Nws yog tsim nyog pib nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pub koob tshuaj.
- "Pikamilon" yog ib qho kev npaj ntawm nicotinic acid nrog gamma-aminobutyric acid. Nws muaj ib tug me me sedative thiab nootropic nyhuv. Restores kev txiav txim thiab normalizes lub sij hawm ntawm pw tsaug zog theem. Feem ntau muab rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws (RDA, hyperactivity, kev loj hlob qeeb) thiab cov neeg laus uas pw tsaug zog, ntxhov siab vim, kev nyuaj siab, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
- "Baclofen". Hauv Fab Kis, nws yog siv los ua tshuaj rau kev haus cawv. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, qhov kev kho no yog muab rau cov teeb meem pw tsaug zog. Nrog rau kev siv ntev, Baclofen tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub cev, txawm tias tsis muaj ib tus kws kho mob feem ntau tsom rau qhov no.
- "Aminalon" yog ib qho ntawmthawj cov tshuaj hypnotic ntawm GABA derivatives. Cov tshuaj tseem nquag sau tseg hauv neurology. Nws yog ib qho precursor ntawm kev loj hlob hormone, muaj feem ntau zoo thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev thiab paj hlwb, stabilizing lub sij hawm ntawm pw tsaug zog theem. Txog niaj hnub no, "Aminalon" yog ib qho tshuaj tsaug zog zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov nyhuv sedative thiab tsawg kawg ntawm kev phiv.
Barbiturates: txoj cai ntawm kev ua, kev phiv
Qhov no yog ib pab pawg loj ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pharmacology. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm hypnotics raws li barbituric acid yog raws li qhov tseeb tias lawv cov khoom xyaw nquag nkag mus rau cov neurons (cov hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb) thiab muaj kev nyuaj siab rau qee cov receptors, thaiv lawv txoj haujlwm. Barbiturates tsis tsuas yog muaj cov nyhuv hypnotic, lawv kuj muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Barbiturates yog cov tshuaj muaj zog. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, lawv raug txwv tsis pub muag thiab sib npaug rau cov tshuaj.
Hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov tshuaj no tseem tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Piv txwv li, Corvalol paub zoo, uas pog nyiam heev, muaj phenobarbital, uas yog barbiturate. Nws yog rau nws tias Corvalol tshuav qhov muaj zog sedative nyhuv.
Cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev kawm kho mob ntseeg tias Corvalol muab kev pw tsaug zog zoo thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb vim yoglub mint nws muaj. Qhov tseeb, cov nyhuv no yog vim muaj ib qho barbiturate hu ua phenobarbital nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas provokes tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Barbiturates tau muab tshuaj nyob rau hauv Soviet xyoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab hyperactivity, nrog rau insomnia. Feem ntau lawv tau siv tam sim no, tab sis tsuas yog hauv tsev kho mob yog tias tsim nyog tshuaj loog.
Cov teebmeem ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj barbituric acid tsaug zog:
- tsis xav tau myocardial contractions, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm;
- teb qeeb rau sab nraud stimuli;
- tshuaj lom rau lub siab thiab lub raum;
- tshuaj lom rau cov neurons;
- tshee thiab cramps;
- coma thiab tuag.
