Blokhin Cancer Center qhia tias mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov pos hniav yog ib yam tshiab ntawm neoplasms. Yam tseem ceeb rau tus kab mob muaj xws li haus luam yeeb, haus cawv, thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm HIV lossis tib neeg papillomavirus. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov pos hniav tsis yog ib txwm pom tseeb, yog li nws feem ntau tsis pom thaum ntxov. Kev kuaj mob ntxov yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem rov qab ua kom nrawm dua thiab ua rau kom muaj sia nyob. Kab lus no tham txog cov tsos mob, kev faib cov qog thiab kho tus kab mob.
Kev ua phem
Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe ua rau mob qog noj ntshav:
- Aphthous stomatitis.
- kab mob kis.
- tshuaj kho mob.
- kab mob bullous (eg, pemphigoid, pemphigus, lichen planus).
- Behçet's syndrome.
- Kev tiv thaiv kab mob dermatitis vim kev ua haujlwm kho hniav.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
- Primary syphilis.
- Agranulocytosis lossis leukopenia.
- Histoplasmosis (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob immunocompromised).
Herpes
Kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob
Cov tsos mob qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav txawv nyob ntawm theem. Cov cim hauv zos suav nrog:
- pain;
- xwb;
- muag rau ntawm cov pos hniav;
- nyuaj nqos;
- seals;
- teeb meem zom zaub mov.
Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyob rau ntawm cov pos hniav yog cov qog, uas yog cov pob liab liab, nthuav dav. Lawv yeej tsis mob.
Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm cov pos hniav tuaj yeem suav nrog kev loj ntawm ib lossis ob lub qog, feem ntau hauv caj dab. Qhov no hu ua lymphedema thiab tej zaum yuav yog ib qho cim qhia tias nws tau kis dhau lub qhov ncauj mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg tob. Nyob rau theem kawg, nws tuaj yeem metastasize rau cov qog nqaij hlav thiab lwm qhov hauv lub cev, qhov chaw mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem tsim tau lwm qhov neoplasm.
Tsib lub cim qhia ntawm cov pos hniav:
- pab.
- Puffiness.
- Hloov hauv pigmentation.
- Seal.
- Cov pos hniav.
Kev faib cov qog txhais li cas, vim li cas thiaj tsim nyog?
Kev faib cov qog yog npaj rau cov kws phais, nws txiav txim siab seb cov qog loj npaum li cas, lawv qhov chaw thiab cov tsos mob. Cov ntaub ntawv no pab tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab txog kev kho kom raug. Cov kev sim thiab x-ray cov ntaub ntawv uas tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau ua yuav pab kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau tus kws kho mob. Yog ibYuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm, tus kws kho mob yuav muab ib daim duab tiav rau koj tias nws yuav ua li cas, yuav muaj teeb meem dab tsi.
Stages of disease formation
Muaj 5 theem hauv kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav malignant:
- Precancerous theem - qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob, tshwm sim hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav xwb. Yog tias tus txheej txheem tsis raug txheeb xyuas, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau hauv cov pos hniav invasive. Cov duab hauv phau ntawv kho mob pab kom nkag siab tias tus kab mob no zoo li cas ntawm ntau theem.
- thawj theem yog mob qog noj ntshav. Txhais tau hais tias nws tau pib kis mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tob ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Lub neoplasm ncav cuag tsis ntau tshaj 2 cm, tsis npog cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ze, cov qog nqaij hlav.
- theem thib ob. Cov qog tau mus txog qhov ntau thiab tsawg tshaj 2 cm inch. Hauv theem 2, cov pos hniav tsis kis mus rau lwm yam kabmob.
- theem thib peb ntawm tus kab mob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce hauv neoplasm, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm ntau dua 4 cm, tsis muaj metastases. Yog hais tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau kis mus rau ib qho ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, ces nws qhov loj tsis ntau tshaj 3 cm.
- Gum cancer, theem 4. Kev tsim cov qog nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob no tau muab faib ua 3 theem:
- Nws metastasized los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ncig ntawm daim di ncauj thiab qhov ncauj.
- Nws tau kis mus rau ib lub qog los yog ob qho tib si. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav tshaj 6 cm.
- Cov qog tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, xws li lub ntsws lossis pob txha.
Kev kuaj mob rau kev kuaj xyuas kab mob
Kev tshawb fawb txog qhov ua rau, muaj feem cuam tshuam thiab cov tsos mob yuav muab cov duab tiav ntawm qhov pib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov pos hniav suav nrog kev kuaj mob, uas suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov pos hniav, tus nplaig, daim di ncauj, thiab qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Nws yog nqa tawm hauv chav kho hniav, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob raug xa mus rau kev kuaj X-ray. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kuaj xyuas ntawm kws kho hniav, cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub caj dab raug kuaj xyuas, yog tias lawv hnov mob, nws txhais tau hais tias mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov pos hniav tsis nyob rau thawj theem, cov kab mob tsis zoo tau pib kis.
Kev kuaj mob kuj suav nrog kev kuaj ntshav. Nws raug coj los ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, qhia txog kev tsim malignant. Cov qauv no raug tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob kom pom muaj cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Kev kwv yees tus kab mob nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm neoplasm thiab vim li cas nws tsim. Ib qho kev pom zoo tos tos cov neeg mob uas kuaj pom tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov.
Kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv ua rau kom tsis txhob mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov pos hniav. Cov tsos mob, thawj cov cim qhia thiab tshwm sim tuaj yeem pom ntawm koj tus kheej.
txoj kev tiv thaiv
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav pib nrog kev tiv thaiv. Cov kev ntsuas no suav nrog kev txiav luam yeeb thiab siv cov khoom lag luam uas tsis haus luam yeeb (khoom haus luam yeeb). Nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob haus cawv. Kev sib deev nyab xeeb kuj yog ib qho yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob sib deev xws li human papillomavirus (HPV), uas nce ntxivpheej hmoo kis tus kab mob.
Tiv thaiv cov pos hniav muaj xws li:
- mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua;
- muab tus cwj pwm phem;
- tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv hlau tshem tawm cov khoom khib nyiab los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab;
- kho cov pos hniav kom raug.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yuav pab cov kws kho mob pom tus kab mob sai sai, ua qhov kev sim tsim nyog rau kev muaj tus kab mob.
Lub hom phiaj tag nrho ntawm kev kho cov pos hniav yog ua kom tiav kev tshem tawm.
txheej txheem yog tus kheej rau txhua tus, raws li tej zaum yuav txawv:
- ua rau thiab cov tsos mob;
- hom mob qog noj ntshav;
- development stages;
- hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob;
- case keeb kwm.
Lub Blokhin Cancer Center tshwj xeeb hauv tus kab mob no, kev teem caij kho mob tshwm sim tom qab kev sab laj ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub chaw kho mob oncological. Cov no yuav suav nrog cov kws kho mob oncologist, kws kho hniav, kws kho mob hluav taws xob, cov kws saib xyuas mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev kho txhua theem yog ua raws li kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog lossis cov ntaub so ntswg. Qee cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj chaw muaj mob kuj raug tshem tawm. Kev phais yuav suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov qog ntshav nyob ze yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo tias mob qog noj ntshav tau pib kis mus rau lawv.
kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov pos hniav tuaj yeem suav nrog:
- kev ua haujlwm;
- chemotherapy;
- radiotherapy.
Kev kho hluav taws xobNws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob, kom tsis txhob rov qab ua dua, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv lub cev.
Yuav tsum tau ua kom paub thiab kho tus kab mob
kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog rau kev siv tshuaj steroids (Beclomethasone, Mometasone, Fluticasone) thiab tshuaj loog hauv zos (Lidocaine, Ubistezin, Septanest). Kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua rau qhov mob.
Txoj kev kho mob siv los kho mob qog noj ntshav nyob ntawm hom thiab qhov loj ntawm kev loj hlob, lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tshwm sim ib txhij nrog tus kab mob. Hauv peb lub sijhawm, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tau siv:
- kuaj hniav txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab kuaj pom muaj kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj.
- Kev phais: phais tshem tawm ntawm cov qog thiab cov qog nqaij hlav (feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm).
- Radiation, lom (tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog hluav taws xob), interstitial therapy.
- tshuaj kho mob.
- Rehabilitation tom qab phais.
- kev pab tswv yim.
- Kev kho mob tsis zoo yog siv thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob radical lossis tus neeg mob tsis kam phais.
Statistics
Cov pos hniav mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua rau cov txiv neej. Cov duab qhia txog cov kab mob pathology qhia tau hais tias feem ntau nws tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog peptic ulcer. poj niam ntau duaraug kev txom nyem los ntawm malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv cov qog mammary.
Nco ntsoov tias kev txheeb cais yog qhov nruab nrab raws li kev tshawb fawb ntau. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tseeb yuav tshwm sim rau koj. Tsis muaj ob tus neeg mob muaj cov lus teb zoo ib yam rau kev kho mob. Ib yam li tsis muaj cov neeg mob uas muaj cov tsos mob zoo ib yam.
Gum cancer yog ib yam kab mob phem heev. Kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias nws muaj nyob hauv 8% ntawm cov neeg. Thiab tseem hais tias 70% ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau kuaj pom muaj theem 1-2 ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau dua 5 xyoos. Cov neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no, uas muaj qhov thib peb lossis plaub theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, yuav muaj sia nyob tsawg dua.
Kev ciaj sia ntawm cov neeg mob tau nce ntau dua 20 xyoo dhau los, vim tias nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob sai sai thiab siv kev kho mob zoo. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg kis tus kab mob tib neeg papillomavirus (HPV) rov zoo sai dua li cov neeg tsis muaj nws.
