Lead poisoning, ntawm lwm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg rau tib neeg, muaj kev ntseeg siab nyob hauv thawj kab. Lead yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau "slow tshuaj lom" uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom kev hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Qhov no yog thawj cov hlau uas tau ua haujlwm rau txiv neej ntev ua ntej kev tsim cov blast furnaces thiab tsim cov hlau tsis muaj teeb meem tsawg. Nws softness thiab plasticity tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum tsim cov combs thiab txhuam, thiab cov neeg Loos tau tso cov kav dej txhuas. Tsis paub tias yog vim li cas Caesar thiab Cleopatra tuag tiag tiag… Tej zaum tus thawj coj yuav liam?
Nyob rau hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, cov hlau tau siv los ntawm slate, rings thiab seals tau ua los ntawm nws. Raws li ib tug version, qhov ua rau ntawm Beethoven txoj kev tuag yog lead lom. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tib neeg tsis paub txog cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm cov khoom xyaw; es tsis txhob qab zib, nws tau ntxiv rau cawv. Hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, txawm tias muaj kev txwv ntawm kev sivntawm no hlau nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, tsev neeg thiab tshuaj industries, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem los ntawm nws.
Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev li cas?
Tej yam khoom noj, khoom noj thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov kis kab mob - lub hauv siab ntawm cov tub rau khoom qub, lub thawv dej, qos yaj ywm loj hlob ntawm "cov av tsis zoo" thiab txawm tias lub hub ntawm sprats. Lead yog siv los ua ib qho khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj kaus poom hauv cov hlau nrog cov tin thiab tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias ntau tshaj li ob xyoos dhau los txij li cov khoom noj hauv kaus poom tau tsim, ces feem ntau cov hlau lead tau tshwm sim. Muaj tsawg kawg yog tsib caug tus neeg mob uas tau lees paub hauv keeb kwm thaum cov neeg taug kev tuag vim muaj cov kab mob lead lom vim yog cov khoom noj kaus poom tsis raug. Thiab lo lus "scurvy" tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob hnyav heev nrog cov hlau lom.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tin thiab txhuas yog ntau heev niaj hnub no. Rau kev sib txuas cov kav dej thiab cables, hauv cov roj teeb - qhov no alloy yog siv txhua qhov chaw. Thaum cua sov, txhuas tuaj yeem tso qee cov pa phem.
Cov pa pa tawm, cov plua plav hauv nroog, cov pa luam yeeb - muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ua rau tsawg dua, nws cov vapors thiab cov khoom sib txuas nyob hauv lub ntsws tau ntau xyoo, suav nrog hauv plab hnyuv thiab maj mam ua rau lub cev lom. Cov mob uas mob hnyav heev tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Rau ntau dua, qhov no yog vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tshaj lij - feem ntau, kev lom ntawm qhov xwm txheej no tau txais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm smelters, tsev luam ntawv - yog tias ua txhaum ntawm kev siv tshuab.kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov pa phem thiab cov khoom sib txuas.
Vim li cas thiaj tseem siv?
Lead yog cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj lub zog siab, tsis raug corrosion, tsis xa hluav taws xob, yog yas heev, thiab yooj yim mined. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws kub sib ntaus sib tua, vim nws cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg heev - rho tawm 327 degrees. Marine lossis dej cov hlab ntsha feem ntau coated nrog cov hmoov lead-muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm hlau. Rau tib lub laj thawj, qee qhov tshuab yog ua los ntawm cov hlau lead, siv hauv kev tsim cov plhaub thiab cov mos txwv, thiab vim muaj peev xwm muaj hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv yog siv los ua cov txheej tiv thaiv rau cov chav ntawm nuclear hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv cov lag luam. kev hem thawj ntawm hluav taws xob yog siab. Cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem pom txawm nyob hauv tsev kho mob. Cov phaj ua los ntawm cov hlau no tiv thaiv ib tug neeg thaum x-rays. Cov hmoov txhuas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, qee qhov muaj nyob hauv cov xim. Ua tsaug rau nws, lawv qhuav sai heev.
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais koob tshuaj txhuas thiab, nws yuav zoo li, hauv "qhov chaw huv huv." Qee zaum cov tshuaj lom neeg nkag mus rau hauv av los ntawm cov dej ntws uas lom cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Cov zaub mov loj tuaj ntawm no kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob lead lom. Raws li kev kwv yees, ib tug neeg tau txais ib feem peb ntawm cov tshuaj lom los ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj thiab txawm tias dej. Nceb sau raws txoj kev tuaj yeem ua rau lom. Raws li qhov concentration ntawm cov teeb meem lead derivatives, txawm tias porcini nceb sau rau hauv "qhov chaw qias neeg" yooj yim.hloov mus ua toadstool.
pab pawg txaus ntshai yog menyuam yaus
Lead pom nyob rau hauv accumulators thiab roj teeb! Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas feem ntau nqos lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov roj teeb ntawm tes. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kub hnyiab ntawm txoj hlab pas, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev. Hlau thiab nws cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim uas npog cov khoom ua si. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv tau ua ua ntej 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Daj yog suav tias yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Suav teb, tsis tas yuav muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom ua si uas muaj ntxhiab tsw tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj. Peeling thav duab nyob rau hauv cov tsev qub yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev lom cov hmoov lead hauv cov menyuam yaus. Xim thiab whitewash tsim nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab ua ntej siv lead ua. Cov xim pleev xim tau daig hauv qab cov rau tes thiab yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tus me nyuam lub cev, vim nws qhov xwm txheej, tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov khoom lom sai sai. Txog li tsib xyoos, nws absorbs txog li 40% ntawm cov tshuaj lom, thaum nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus daim duab no nce mus txog 10. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai yog lub tsheb fumes. Ua ke nrog cov khoom lwj, txhuas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis nco qab thiab tuag hauv feeb.
koob tshuaj thiab nqus tau
Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov ua tau ntawm kev nqus ntawm txhua tus neeg yuav txawv. Peb txhua tus nco ntsoov zaj dab neeg ntawm Rasputin, uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nees koob tshuaj ntawm potassium cyanide - cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws uas paub txog noob neej. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntsuas ntawm "kev nqus" ntawm cov hlau lead tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm qee yam kab mob. Yog nyob rau hauvtib neeg lub cev tsis muaj zinc, calcium los yog hlau, ces solubility ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub cev yuav qis dua, vim hais tias lom yuav tshwm sim qeeb dua.
Lead muaj nyob rau hauv qee qhov nyiaj hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce: eyeliner, ntxoov ntxoo thiab eyeliner. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov tshuaj pleev ib ce kim thiab ntuj uas muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li GOST.
Txoj kev lom zem hauv tus lej
Lub raum ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tso tawm 100 micrograms ntawm txhuas ib hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw "kev qias neeg" nqus 150 micrograms ntawm hlau txhua hnub. Qhov sib txawv nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Ntawm cov nyiaj no, 5% accumulates nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, 90% nkag mus rau hauv cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, mineralizes nyob rau ntawd thiab "tuag pw tsaug zog" yam tsis ua rau ntau tsis xis nyob.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov pob txha, txhuas maj mam hloov cov calcium, uas thaum kawg ua rau pob txha pob txha vim yog kev qaug cawv ntev. Xws li kev tshwm sim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob lead lom. Qhov seem 5% yog qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws, lawv nyob hauv ob lub raum thiab cov paj hlwb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov hlwb protein pib. Lead hloov lawv cov qauv, depriving hlwb ntawm lub peev xwm los faib, pub, thiab tsim metabolic cov kev xav. Cov txheej txheem inflammatory pib hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Los yog intoxication.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau cov tshuaj lead lom?
Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm cov tshuaj lom tshuaj txhuas feem ntau pom tsis tau rau tib neeg. Kev tshuaj lom tsuas yog txiav txim tau nrog kev kuaj ntshav.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li yuav qis hemoglobin, nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov reticulocytes lossis cov qe ntshav liab uas tau poob lawv cov nucleus. Lub tshuab xam zauv yog raws li hauv qab no - rau 1 txhiab erythrocytes, tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis yog-nuclear yuav tsum yog ib feem pua. Yog tias ntau dua, feem ntau yuav muaj kev lom. Hauv cov zis, qhov concentration ntawm porphyrins nce, uas qhia tau hais tias kev ua txhaum ntawm lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab cov hlau nws tus kheej txiav txim siab. Qee lub sij hawm nws cov concentration ntau tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev. cuam tshuam rau daim siab hlwb, txhuas provokes kab mob siab. Lub siab loj heev, qib bilirubin hauv cov ntshav nce, jaundice tsim. Protein tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev kuaj zis kom paub meej tias mob CNS raug mob los yog lead encephalopathy.
Kev pabcuam kev kuaj mob:
- Ultrasound ntawm lub plab thiab daim siab.
- daim cardiogram ntawm lub siab.
- X-ray ntawm lub ntsws, yog tias muaj tshuaj lom tshuaj txhuas.
- ntsuas ntsuas.
Lead poisoning - tsos mob
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tshuaj lom tshuaj lom lead ua tshwm sim lawv tus kheej hauv ntau qib. Ib qho tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, uas tam sim ntawd kos xim rau nws tus kheej yog qhov hloov ntawm cov xim ntawm cov pos hniav. Lawv coj ib tug greyish bluish tint.
Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm hydrogen sulfide pom hauv cov qaub ncaug thiab cov hmoov txhuas derivatives. Los ntawm txoj kev, tib xim ntawm cov pos hniav yog tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lom nrog ob qho tib si txhuas thiab mercury. Tsuas yog lub saj yog iab nyob rau hauv mercury lom, thiab lead yog qab zib. Tab sis kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mobnco ntsoov pub ntshav.
ntshav qab zib thiab tawv nqaij daj ntseg. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov txo qis ntawm cov ntshav liab noj qab nyob zoo hauv cov ntshav. Siab concentration ntawm porphyrins, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim raws li thaj ua rau thaj ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Nrog rau cov kab mob lead ua tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm caj npab thiab txhais ceg txhim kho: tus neeg xav tias tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij, qhov kev mus ua "staggering", ob txhais ceg muab txoj hauv kev, qee zaum ko taw thiab txhais tes poob. rhiab heev.
Ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav ntawm cov kab mob lead lom ntev yog encephalopathy. Ib tug neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm kev mob migraines tsis tu ncua thiab insomnia, intracranial siab nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, kev tuag los ntawm tus mob no siab heev thiab nce mus txog 40 feem pua. Ib tug neeg tswj tsis tau nws txoj kev xav: nws yog qaug zog lossis chim siab. Cov mob no yog nrog los ntawm convulsions, qaug dab peg zoo li qaug dab peg tshwm sim, thiab hallucinations tshwm sim. Ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob lead lom encephalopathy yog meningitis.
Irreversible pauv kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv. Ntxiv rau qhov tsis xwm yeem, qee zaum cov quav los ntshav, cem quav, xeev siab, ib tus neeg yuav hnov mob plab mob plab.
Qhov tseeb yog cov hmoov txhuas muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Qhov no ua rau spasm ntawm txoj hnyuv cov leeg, tab sis cov hnyuv loops tau so. Qhov no desynchronization ntawm lub plab ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm lub rooj zaum thiab txawm tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hnyuv tsis txaus.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau cov kab mob lead colicntawm koj tus kheej?
- Tuag koj nraub qaum, sim so.
- Thaum lub plab nkag mus, qhov mob tso tawm. Muaj lub siab nruj, lub plab ua "pob zeb".
- Tus neeg raug npam raug cem cem ntau hnub. Tsis muaj laxative pab.
- dawb txheej ntawm tus nplaig.
Lead cuam tshuam rau tib neeg endocrine system. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lom nrog hnyav hlau, txhuas thiab mercury, hyperthyroidism, los yog ntau lawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormone thyroxine, raug kuaj. Uas tsis zoo rau txiv neej lub zog, thiab tseem ua rau kev ua txhaum ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws. Ib tug neeg poob phaus, tawm hws ntau, ua rau apathy thiab kev nyuaj siab.
Tshuaj lom nrog cov hmoov txhuas tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij. Feem ntau ntawm cov no yog lead acetate, los yog "lead qab zib". Hauv cov koob tshuaj me me, nws yog siv rau niaj hnub no hauv kev dyeing ntawm fabrics, tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce industries, thiab nyob rau hauv pharmaceuticals. Kev ua xua tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog siv cov lipstick tsis zoo, lossis duab ntxoov ntxoo. Cov hlau lead no yog siv los ua qee qhov kev daws teeb meem, tshuaj pleev thiab plasters.
Lead "ntxuav tawm" cov vitamins tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, feem ntau C thiab B1. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lom nrog cov tshuaj no, multivitamin thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb kev noj haus yog muab raws li txoj kev kho.
Yuav kho li cas?
Kev kho mob rau cov tshuaj lom tshuaj txhuas yuav tsum pib tam sim. Txheej txheem:
Tshem tawm cov hlau lead ntawm lub cev. activated charcoal yuav pab tau. Cov kev npaj hauv qab no yuav muaj cov khoom nqus dej
- Thaum nqos cov tshuaj muaj lead, ua rau ntuav tam sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim los ntawm kev daws cov dej sov ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 1 liter tablespoon ntsev.
- Noj lossis haus cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nyhuv ntim. Nws tuaj yeem yog mis nyuj, jelly, decoction ntawm flaxseed. Cov zaub mov no yuav tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias hauv lub plab uas yuav ua rau txo qis kev nqus cov tshuaj lom.
- Noj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv khi absorbed lead ions thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev: "Unithiol", "Ethylenediaminetetraacetate sodium", "Succimer", "D-penicillamine". Cov khoom noj uas muaj magnesium, selenium, calcium, vitamins A thiab C muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws.
- Nyob rau hauv mob hnyav, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov kab mob tseem ceeb: plawv, ntsws, raum.
- Tshuaj rau cov tsos mob thiab cuam tshuam ntawm kev lom, xws li rov ua kom lub plab zom mov lossis lub siab ua haujlwm.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev lom tshuaj lom neeg txhuas lossis kev qaug cawv ntev ua rau nws qhov tshwm sim. Kev kho sai dua yog pib, qhov teeb meem tsawg dua yuav muaj.
Yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej li cas?
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau lead lom. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog kev ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau lead thiab nws cov vapors. Muaj kev pheej hmoo, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov haujlwm xws li: vuam, tshuab luam ntawv, kws muag tshuaj, steelworkers, radiologists, hydroelectric engineers thiab nuclear submariners.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob lead lom hauv tsev. Cov kab mob lead lom tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv koj lub tsev. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsev ntiag tug ntawm kev tsim kho qub, mus txog rau 60s. Feem ntau, cov xim thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav dawb, nrog rau plaster, muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau lead. Raws li peb nco ntsoov, cov hlau no tom qab nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem sib sau. Yog li ntawd, thaum tev xim, ntawv ntsa hauv cov tsev qub, hnab looj tes thiab lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum tau siv. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob lob "dose", nws yog qhov zoo dua los tshem tawm cov khoom qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tais diav uas muaj cov hmoov txhuas, hloov cov kav dej yog tias tsim nyog, lossis nruab cov dej huv huv.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias koj cov me nyuam ntxuav tes thaum lawv los txog tsev los ntawm kev taug kev. Cov me nyuam me yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg. Tshem tawm lawv qhov kev pom ntau ntawm cov roj teeb thiab cov xov hlau. Thaum muas cov xim rau lub tsev, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom ua si, yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws, uas qhia txog cov qauv siab tshaj plaws rau cov ntsiab lus txhuas. Yog xav tias muaj tshuaj lom, tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd.
