Ib txheej txheem inflammatory uas cuam tshuam rau cov mucous ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab paranasal (paranasal) sinuses (sinuses) hu ua sinusitis. Tab sis yog tias tus kab mob no tsis kho, qhov teeb meem hauv daim ntawv ntawm sinusitis yuav tshwm sim. Yuav ua li cas sinusitis manifest nws tus kheej? Cia peb kawm paub hauv kab lus no.
Cov kab mob ntawm qhov ntswg yog dab tsi?
Nyob ntawm thaj chaw, cov txheej txheem inflammatory tuaj yeem hu ua:
1. Frontitis - swb ntawm frontal sinus.
2. Ethmoiditis - kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb ntawm cov pob txha ethmoid. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev (meningitis, encephalitis) thiab cov teeb meem intraocular (cellulitis ntawm lub orbit, abscess ntawm daim tawv muag).
3. Sphenoiditis - Sphenoid sinus lesion.
Ethmoiditis thiab sphenoiditis tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv kev sib cais, feem ntau ua ke nrog sinusitis lossis frontal sinusitis.
Type of sinusitis
Zoo ntawm qhov ua rau mob sinusitis, nws tuaj yeem ua tau:
1. Rhinogenic - tshwm sim raws li qhov teeb meem tom qab kis kab mob (flu, mob ua pa nyuaj, SARS).
2. Hematogenous - kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Hom sinusitis no muaj ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus.tom qab diphtheria, qhua pias.
3. Odontogenic - kuj manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam vim lub ingress ntawm cov kua paug los ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Ua rau xws li sinusitis nyuaj periodontitis, periostitis.
4. Kev raug mob - kev raug mob los yog pob txha ntawm lub qhov ntswg septum provokes ib tug kab mob.
5. Allergic - tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev tsis haum tshuaj rau ib qho irritant. Nrog rau hom kab mob sinusitis no, muaj qhov o muaj zog;.
6. Vasomotor - feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov tib neeg thaum yau vim yog vegetovascular dystonia.
Kuj paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab mob ntev.
Tus kab mob sinusitis tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus li cas?
Tus kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej:
- mob taub hau hnyav rau cov hniav thiab lub puab tsaig;
- ntau viscous secretion los ntawm qhov ntswg;
- txias txias, lub cev kub, lethargy, tsis muaj zog;
- qhov ntswg congestion, ib qho kev xav ntawm fullness nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig sab sauv, aggravated los ntawm qaij;
- tuaj yeem ntxiv hnoos, txhim kho tonsillitis;
- txo qhov hnov tsw.
Tam sim no nws paub meej tias sinusitis tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas. Cov tsos mob, raws li pom tau, muaj ntau yam thiab tsis kaj siab.
Ua rau sinusitis hauv cov neeg laus
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm sinusitis yog:
- kua ntswg, feem ntau staphylococcal, pneumococcal los yog streptococcal etiology, ua tau kab mob etiology (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus);
- kho hniav pathology, festering cysts, periostitis(odontogenic sinusitis);
- adenoids;
- kev raug mob, tom qab kev raug mob ntawm lub septum;
- kab mob rhinitis;
- txo kev tiv thaiv;
- polyps, txawv teb chaws lub cev.
Tus kab mob sinusitis tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam li cas?
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, qhov mob uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab feem ntau tsis kuaj - qhov no yog vim qhov tsis muaj qhov maxillary sinuses.
Raws li daim duab kho mob, sinusitis hauv cov menyuam yaus yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob ib yam li cov neeg laus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov kub ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem ua tau, nrog rau qhov liab ntawm lub plhu ntawm sab ntawm lub qhov txhab.
Sinusitis hauv menyuam yaus yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws vim muaj teeb meem ntau zaus. Kev mob taub hau hnyav hauv tus menyuam yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj cov kua paug ntau hauv lub ntsej muag.
Diagnosis
Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum ua qhov kev kuaj mob dav dav kom kuaj tau tus kab mob. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb suav nrog:
1. Mloog cov lus tsis txaus siab, noj anamnesis.
2. Bakposev, soj ntsuam ntawm qhov ntswg lavage ntsiab lus.
3. X-ray ntawm cov khoom siv sinuses, uas tso cai rau koj kom pom qhov tsaus ntuj, txo qis airiness, pob tshab. Txoj kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws, txij li nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological nrog rau daim duab kho mob tshem tawm. Nws raug muab tso rau hauv ob qhov kev kwv yees - sab nraud thiab ncaj qha.
4. Sib nqus resonance xam tomography (tus "kub tus qauv" rau kev xavsphenoiditis).
5. Rhinoscopy.
6. Ua kom tiav cov ntshav suav (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob hnyav: leukocytosis, nrawm erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi, stabocytosis).
7. Endoscopic kuaj ntawm paranasal sinuses.
8. Kev sab laj nrog kws kho hniav thiab tus kws phais maxillofacial.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas yog nyob ntawm seb qhov sinusitis tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas.
Kev nyuaj siab
Kev kho mob tsis tu ncua ntawm sinusitis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj hauv qab no:
- meningitis;
- otitis media;
- jade;
- sepsis;
- mob caj dab rheumatoid;
- endocarditis, myocarditis;
- bronchitis, pneumonia.
Yuav ua li cas mob sinusitis tshwm sim?
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob sinusitis tuaj yeem ua rau me ntsis muffled. Tab sis lawv tuaj yeem lees paub:
- mob thaum ntsais;
- o ntawm daim tawv muag thaum sawv ntxov;
- mob taub hau tsis tu ncua;
- qhov ntswg congestion;
- hnoos qhuav.
mob sinusitis kuj yuav tsum tau kho. Kev kho mob yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua, tab sis tag nrho rov qab ua tau. Ntau yam nyob ntawm seb sinusitis tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas. Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob zoo sib xws.
Kev kho mob ntawm sinusitis
Txoj kev kho mob ntawm sinusitis txo qis rau kev noj tshuaj. Kev siv cov vasoconstrictor tee relieves o ntawm mucosa, constricts cov hlab ntsha, restoresqhov ntswg ua pa, txo tus nqi ntawm secretions. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tee uas muaj oxymetazoline:
- "Nazivin".
- "Nazol".
- "Fazin".
- "Afrin".
- "Tizin" (muaj A-agonist, muab vasoconstriction thiab ua pa zoo dua, cov nyhuv tshwm sim ob peb feeb tom qab thov).
Antihistamines kuj siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev:
- "Telfast".
- "Hismanal".
- "Loratadine".
- "Diazolin".
Tshuaj tua kab mob ua pov thawj tias ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws suav nrog cov tshuaj "Polydex", "Bioparox", "Isofra".
Kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob yog nyob ntawm seb qhov sinusitis tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas. Teem sijhawm txog 10 hnub.
Penicillin tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv: amoxicillin ("Flemoxin"), ua ke ntawm amoxicillin-clavulanate ("Augmentin", "Panklav"). Kuj tseem muaj macrolides: Sumamed, Azithromycin, Klacid. Cephalosporins: Sorcef, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone sulbactam.
Kev siv hnyav:
- fluoroquinolones ("Ofloxacin", "Ciprofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin");
- carbapenems ("Imipenem", "Meropinem").
Rau qhov mob me me mus rau nruab nrab, pom zoo siv cov tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj. Rau qhov mob hnyav heev, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis intramuscularly.
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob (tej tshuaj) tsuas yog ua tau rau tus kab mob me xwb.
Kev siv cov tshuaj hauv zos thiab cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem hnyav thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo.
Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj hauv keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv bacteriological (kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kab mob thiab nws qhov rhiab heev rau ntau pawg).
Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb qhov mob sinusitis tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas, cov kev pabcuam hauv qab no tau sau tseg:
1. Kev kho cov vitamins. Kev teem caij ntawm cov vitamins C, A, E.
2. Noj cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Nrog mob hnyav, ua npaws nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, cov hauv qab no tau sau tseg: Nimesulide, Nimesil, Nise, paracetamol, sodium diclofenac.
Thaum mob hnyav, kev phais yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb.
1. Endoscopic minimally invasive intervention.
2. Kev khiav tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev sib tsoo.
Cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog siv tshuaj loog xwb.
Siv tau zoo hauv kev kho mob ntawm sinusitis, ntxuav lub sinuses nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv yam tsis muaj puncture. Txoj kev no hu ua "Cuckoo". Lwm txoj kev zoo ntawm kev ntxuavmaxillary sinuses yog siv Yamik sinus catheter.
Pab txhawb yog laser kho, ultrasound, UHF.
Tiv thaiv kab mob sinusitis
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev txhim kho tus kab mob zoo li no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no:
- siv cov humidifiers;
- ua huv huv ntawm cov kab mob foci ntev;
- tsis tu ncua mus kuaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kws kho hniav, kho kab mob raws sij hawm;
- tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv lub zog, kho cov tshuaj vitamin;
- nquag zaws hauv thaj tsam ntawm qhov projection ntawm maxillary sinuses;
- txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob hnyav (ntxuav cov kab mob hauv qhov ntswg nrog cov tshuaj ntsev, thaum tseb staphylococcus, muab turundas nrog cov kua dej cawv ntawm chlorophyllipt).
- kho mob rhinitis, hay fever;
- yog tias xav tau kev kho mob zoo li no, tsis txhob thim qhov kev phais kho ntawm cov kab mob septal defects.
Peb tau saib yuav ua li cas sinusitis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov neeg laus. Cov tsos mob tau piav qhia tag nrho hauv kab lus no. Yog tias koj pom tsawg kawg yog ob peb lub cim hauv koj tus kheej, tsis txhob yig thiab tsis txhob rub - mus cuag kws kho mob.
