Hyperplastic syndrome: cov tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Hyperplastic syndrome: cov tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho
Hyperplastic syndrome: cov tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Video: Hyperplastic syndrome: cov tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Video: Hyperplastic syndrome: cov tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho
Video: Maiv Xis Xyooj Khaus Pim | Tub Siab Loj Xa Lus Rau Maiv Xis Xyooj 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

mob leukemia yog ib yam kab mob malignant cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha pob txha, cov kab mob hematopoietic. Qhov anomaly manifests nws tus kheej hauv kev hloov ntawm cov pob txha pob txha qia hlwb thiab cov tsos ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis paub qab hau hu ua lymphoblasts. Muaj qhov txo qis hauv platelets, leukocytes thiab erythrocytes hauv cov ntshav. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, cov hlwb tsis paub tab nkag mus rau lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Leukemic infiltration ntawm lymph nodes, mucous daim nyias nyias, spleen, siab, hlwb, thiab lwm yam tshwm sim. Leukemia, nyob rau hauv uas hyperplastic syndrome feem ntau tshwm sim, feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov me nyuam los ntawm ob mus rau tsib xyoos. Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov tshwm sim hauv cov tub hluas yog siab dua cov ntxhais. Cov neeg laus raug mob ntau dua tom qab 60 xyoo.

Clinical Syndromes

Ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg tau tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob. Qee zaum, nws tsis tuaj yeem cais cov kev tsis txaus siab tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab ntawm tus neeg mob, yog li ntawd, hauv hematologicalCov neeg mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tham txog ib pawg ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm ib qho keeb kwm lossis cov tsos mob uas tsis yog cov tsos mob:

  • hyperplastic;
  • anemic;
  • hemorrhagic;
  • kis- tshuaj lom.

Cas of leukemia

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb kho mob yog kev kawm txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog leukemia. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ua rau mob leukemia. Tsuas yog cov yam uas ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob tau raug txheeb xyuas. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Hereditary predisposition. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais qhia tias cov txheeb ze nyob hauv ntau tiam neeg raug mob leukemia.
  • raug rau carcinogens. Cov tshuaj lom: tshuaj tua kab, chiv, roj av, thiab qee cov tshuaj (penicillin tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cephalosporins) tsis zoo rau lub cev ntawm tus neeg.
  • Kab mob kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob qee zaum ua rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv hloov mus, thiab cov neeg laus cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob leukemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai sai.
  • Chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Radioactive raug uas ua rau txawv txav ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv.
  • mob hnyav congenital pathologies: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Down syndrome.
  • Tshuaj kho mob. Nqa nws mus kho lwm yam kab mob hauv qee kis ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm leukemia.
  • Kev haus luam yeeb.
cov ntshav
cov ntshav

Cov xwm txheej no tsuas yog ua rau qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis tus kab mob txhim kho thiabhauv lawv qhov tsis muaj.

Clinical signs of leukemia

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob leukemia hauv cov neeg laus:

  • Intoxication syndrome. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev qaug zog, qaug zog, poob phaus, kub taub hau. Qhov kawg yuav tshwm sim nrog muaj tus kab mob, kab mob los yog fungal kab mob hauv lub cev.
  • Hemorrhagic Syndrome. Muaj hemorrhages ntawm dermis thiab mucous daim nyias nyias, ntuav nrog cov ntshav thiab cov quav tso quav.
  • Hyperplastic syndrome. Tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav uas nkag mus tau rau kev kuaj xyuas thiab palpation yog loj. Lawv dhau los ua ntom ntom, txawb, tab sis tsis mob txawm tias muaj qhov loj loj. Tus spleen thiab daim siab ua rau mob thiab ua kom loj, thiab muaj kev hnov mob hauv plab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm infiltration ntawm kev sib koom ua ke capsule thiab periosteum, nrog rau cov pob txha pob txha, mob thiab mob hauv cov pob txha tshwm.
  • Anemic syndrome. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm intoxication, daim tawv nqaij ua daj ntseg, xiav-liab plaques tshwm, nrog me ntsis kev puas tsuaj rau lub dermis, panaritiums thiab paronychia tshwm sim, ulcerative-necrotic hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thiab tachycardia torments.
  • Kev ua pa tsis zoo. Kev loj hlob ntawm mediastinal lymph nodes ua rau compression ntawm bronchi thiab ua pa tsis ua haujlwm.
  • Hloov pauv hauv lub cev ntawm kev pom. o ntawm lub paj hlwb tshwm sim, hemorrhage tshwm nyob rau hauv lub retina ntawm lub qhov muag, leukemic plaques ntawm lub fundus yog ua tau.

Kev kuaj mob leukemia

Yuav kom kuaj tau koj xav tau:

  • muab keebkwm khomob tiav;
  • tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob, uapalpation ntawm lymph nodes, daim siab thiab tus po;
  • kuaj ntshav dav dav - tus naj npawb ntawm platelets, erythrocytes thiab leukocytes raug txiav txim, kuaj pom cov qe ntshav hloov pauv txawv txav;
  • lub hauv siab x-ray - txiav txim siab qhov nce hauv cov qog ntshav qab zib hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav, kev hloov pauv hauv thymus caj pas thiab qhov mob ntawm lub ntsws;
  • aspiration thiab pob txha pob txha biopsy;
  • tshuaj xyuas microscopic txhawm rau kuaj pom cov kab mob malignant;
  • spinal puncture - lub xub ntiag ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau txiav txim siab;
  • CT - ntawm lub computer screen lawv saib lub xeev ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv;
  • MRI - tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov duab ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg;
  • Ultrasound - Ultrasound yog ua kom paub meej tias lub siab thiab tus po.
Inflamed lymph nodes
Inflamed lymph nodes

Raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, kev kuaj mob tau tsim thiab kho tus neeg mob tau txais.

theem ntawm cov kab mob

Muaj peb theem ntawm cov kab mob leukemia:

  1. Initial - cov tsos mob ntawm leukemia me me. Lawv manifest lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv me ntsis qaug zog thiab tsaug zog. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm lub caij nyoog thaum kuaj kev tiv thaiv lossis kev kuaj mob ntawm lwm yam kab mob uas pib zuj zus rau lub sijhawm no. Cov ntshav tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj yuav hloov me ntsis, qhov loj ntawm lub siab yog qhov qub.
  2. Nthuav - ntau lub cev raug cuam tshuam, yog li cov tsos mob tau hais. Thaum lub sijhawm no, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm exacerbations thiab remissions. Leukemia xaus nrog kev rov zoo los yogib qho tseem ceeb deterioration nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsuas.
  3. Terminal - cov kev kho mob tau hloov mus ua tsis tau zoo, cov kab mob hematopoietic muaj kev nyuaj siab heev, ulcerative thiab necrotic hloov pauv tshwm sim. Theem xaus nrog tus neeg mob tuag.

mob leukemia hauv menyuam yaus tshwm sim thiab loj hlob sai heev. Tus naj npawb ntawm lymphoblasts s tau loj hlob sai, uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Nws ua lethargic, yws ntawm xeev siab thiab mob taub hau. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj, qhov kub nce mus txog 38 degrees thiab siab dua, txawm hais tias tsis muaj tsos mob ntawm tus mob khaub thuas. Thaum da dej, cov niam txiv yuav pom cov tsos ntawm hematomas thiab bruises ntawm lub cev. Cov tsos mob no yuav tsum ceeb toom yog tias tus menyuam tsis poob thaum lub sijhawm ua si. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm exacerbations ntawm cov kab mob ntev los yog ntev ntawm cov kab mob xws li mob ntsws, mob ntsws, pharyngitis, tonsillitis. Lawv nyuaj rau kho, tus menyuam raug yuam kom noj tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev, ua rau lub zog ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, hyperplastic syndrome yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv mob leukemia, qhia los ntawm kev nce ceev hauv cov qog ntshav.

Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer
Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer

Thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob, lub tsev menyuam feem ntau ua rau mob, tom qab ntawd cov submandibular, supraclavicular thiab axillary koom nrog. Lymph nodes nce txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis txhob mob, thiab dhau sijhawm tuaj yeem ua rau compression ntawm bronchi, superior vena cava, kua tsib duct. Thiab tseem muaj qhov nce sai ntawm cov kabmob xws li tus po thiab daim siab, uas yooj yim palpated thiab protrude los ntawm hauv qab tav. Qee lub sij hawm cov me nyuam muaj mob plab, qhov quav thiab qhov ntswg ntev thiab los ntshav ntau. Mob leukemia feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus, yog li cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua yam kev mob thiab kev tsis txaus siab.

Kev kho mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus

Thaum kuaj pom tus kab mob leukemia, tus menyuam tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv hematology lossis oncology department ntawm lub chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb. Raws li kev kho mob, koj xav tau:

  • ua kom puas hlwb;
  • muab kev txhawb nqa;
  • kom tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob;
  • replenish platelets tsis muaj thiab cov qe ntshav liab.
Test raj nrog ntshav
Test raj nrog ntshav

Lub sijhawm kho mob hauv tsev kho mob rau txhua tus menyuam yog txiav txim siab tus kheej thiab suav nrog:

  • kws khomob - ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj cytostatic yog siv;
  • xov tooj cua - kho kom haum rau tus neeg mob tshwj xeeb;
  • pob txha pob txha hloov - ua tau tom qab siv tshuaj ntau ntau.

Kev kho mob tactics yog txiav txim los ntawm:

  • ntaus pob zeb tawg;
  • kev rov qab los;
  • kab mob theem.
cov hnab ntshav
cov hnab ntshav

Muaj cov lus pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb (cov txheej txheem) rau kev kho mob leukemia. Rau kev kho mob ntawm tus me nyuam, qhov kev pab cuam mus sij hawm ntev yog kos raws li cov txheej txheem nrog kev pom tseeb ntawm kev muaj sia nyob, qhov kev siv ntawm cov chav kawm yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo.kab mob rov tshwm sim. Yog tsis muaj pob txha hloov, kev kho mob leukemia kav li ntawm ob xyoos. Lub sijhawm no, kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev kho mob sab nraud ob peb zaug.

Raws li kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb, kev kho mob leukemia thaum yau muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

  • Preliminary - lub sijhawm no, tus neeg mob tau npaj rau chav kawm loj. Ua li no, kawm luv luv ntawm chemotherapy yog ua kom txo cov leukemic cells thiab tiv thaiv lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.
  • Inductive - nqa tawm rau qhov pib ntawm kev zam txim. Kev kho mob yog siv, txhim kho nrog ntau yam tshuaj thiab kav ntev li ib nrab mus rau ob lub hlis.
  • Lub sijhawm sib sau ua ke nrog kev kho mob hnyav - qhov ua tiav kev tshem tawm yog sib sau ua ke thaum lub siab loj ntawm daim siab raug tsim thiab cov qog ntshav qis. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum yog tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sijhawm no, yog tias tsim nyog, hluav taws xob raug siv thiab cytostatics raug txhaj rau hauv cov kwj dej ntawm tus txha caj qaum.
  • Kev sib xyaw ua ke - ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog yog tswj hwm, ua cov chav kawm cais. Lub sijhawm tuaj yeem mus txog ntau lub hlis. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov hlwb tawg.
  • Kev saib xyuas - ua raws li tus neeg mob sab nraud. Tus menyuam tuaj yeem mus kawm kindergarten lossis tsev kawm ntawv. Kev noj tshuaj yog khaws cia kom tsawg.

Kev siv cov txheej txheem txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob, kev paub dhau los hauv kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem thiab txheeb xyuas cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj.

Differential diagnosisHyperplastic Syndrome

Kev tshwm sim ntawm tus mob no yuav tsum tau sib txawv ntawm:

  • Vincent's ulcerative necrotic stomatitis;
  • hypertrophic gingivitis ntawm lwm yam etiology;
  • reactions nyob rau hauv cov kab mob loj heev;
  • kis kab mob mononucleosis;
  • tshuaj lom lub cev nrog cov hlau hnyav;
  • Yhypovitaminosis C.
Hauv chav kuaj mob
Hauv chav kuaj mob

Txhua qhov xwm txheej no, tsis muaj cov cim ntawm leukemia hauv kev kuaj ntshav thiab myelogram. Hauv cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg, kev tshawb fawb ntawm pob txha pob txha tau ua, qee zaum muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, thaum cov khoom siv los tshuaj xyuas los ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus.

Kev kho mob rau cov neeg laus leukemia

Tom qab kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob pib tam sim ntawd, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho mob oncological hematology raws li kev tsim tshuaj kho mob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho hematopoiesis noj qab haus huv, tshem tawm mus ntev, tiv thaiv kev rov qab los. Txhawm rau xaiv txoj kev kho mob, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej thiab tus lej ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov ntshav raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

  • Chemotherapy - cov tshuaj cytostatic ua ke tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Kev kho mob yog nqa tawm hauv cov kev kawm, suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob thiab theem ntawm kev hloov ntshav. Ib hom tshuaj khomob tshiab tau raug siv nrog cov tshuaj Imatinib thiab Herceptin, uas inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb tsis zoo.
  • Kev txais nyiaj lom neeg - tshuaj yog siv los tswj lub cev tiv thaiv thiab txo qis hyperplasticSyndrome.
  • Radiation method - siv cov nyhuv ntawm radiotherapy ntawm cov pob txha pob txha hauv qab CT tswj.
  • Txoj kev phais - kev hloov cov pob txha pob txha yog muab rau thaum tshem tawm tus kab mob. Chemotherapy thiab irradiation ntawm thaj chaw puas yog ua ntej ua ntej. Txoj kev no suav hais tias siv tau zoo heev thiab ua tiav nrog kev tshem tawm tus kabmob.

Kev ntsuas rau leukemia

Cov hauv qab no cuam tshuam rau kev kwv yees:

  • ib hom kab mob leukemia;
  • hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob;
  • tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob;
  • tus neeg teb rau cov kws khomob.

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob leukemia muaj qhov tshwm sim zoo dua li cov laus. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj siv rau kev kho mob ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsawg dua hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg laus muaj ntau yam kab mob uas tsis tso cai rau kev kho mob tag nrho. Thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau mus rau tus kws kho mob nrog ib daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob, thaum leukemic hyperplasia yog pronounced. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev kho mob, qhov muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos rau tus mob leukemia hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj txog li 85%, thiab cov neeg laus - tsuas yog txog 40%. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob loj tab sis kho tau. Cov txheej txheem kho niaj hnub muab kev ua haujlwm siab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab ib tug tsib-xyoo kev zam, relapses ntawm tus kab mob yeej tsis tshwm sim.

Zoo kawg

mob leukemia yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav sai sai ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hematopoietic ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Stem cells hloov thiab kis thoob plaws lub cev, ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Cov hlwb noj qab haus huv raug muab nyem tawmhloov, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim loj heev.

Ua tawm manipulations
Ua tawm manipulations

Tam sim no, kev tsim cov hlwb noj qab haus huv kuj txo qis, vim tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav txhawb cov synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj uas inhibit lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Cov kab mob no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob txha pob txha, spleen, siab, thymus caj pas thiab cov qog nqaij hlav peripheral.

Pom zoo: