Retrovirus - yog dab tsi?

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Retrovirus - yog dab tsi?
Retrovirus - yog dab tsi?

Video: Retrovirus - yog dab tsi?

Video: Retrovirus - yog dab tsi?
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Retrovirus yog ib tsev neeg ntawm cov kab mob uas cov khoom siv caj ces muaj RNA. Cov kab mob muaj cov ntaub ntawv rov qab.

Retroviruses yog cov kab mob microscopic uas tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam mob qog noj ntshav, kis kab mob ntau yam. Ntxiv mus, pathologies tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Hauv tib neeg, cov kab mob retroviruses ua rau mob HIV (AIDS).

Qhov no yog ib tug retrovirus
Qhov no yog ib tug retrovirus

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob

Retroviruses yog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb. Lawv muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua los ntawm kev hloov mus rau DNA. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov txheej txheem ntawm transcription pib. Tom qab nws ua tiav, tus kab mob genome tau txais kev nkag mus rau DNA ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab pib tsim tawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nrog nws. Hauv cov menyuam ntxhais, cov kab mob DNA tsim cov ntawv RNA. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem mus ntev ntev, tab sis thaum kawg cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntxhais cov hlwb thiab dhau los ua cov tsho tiv thaiv protein. Yog li ntawd, retroviruses ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua qub uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb, uas RNA koom nrog. Cov txheej txheem no thim rov qab. Cov kab mob uas lawv tus kheej nyob hauv lub cev tau ntev. Qee zaum, cov hlwb hloov pauv tau raug rhuav tshem, ib yam li cov kab mob HIV, thiab qee zaum dhau loshauv mob cancer.

Retroviruses suav nrog tsev neeg Retroviridae. Lawv yog cov nquag mus rau kev hloov pauv, uas yog vim li cas lawv tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sai sai. Vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb no, nws nyuaj rau kev tawm tsam tus kab mob retrovirus.

Qee tus neeg xav tias tus kab mob retrovirus tsuas yog ib yam kab mob khaub thuas xwb, tab sis nws tsis yog. Hom kab no yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov kev kho tshwj xeeb uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob retrovirus, nws yooj yim dua los ua kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj niaj hnub.

Txawm hais tias cov kab mob retroviruses tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej, lawv yooj yim kov yeej nrog xab npum thiab dej: ntxuav koj txhais tes nrog xab npum thiab dej txaus kom tshem tawm cov kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau raug siv los tiv thaiv kev sib kis, suav nrog cov hnab looj tes roj hmab, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, thiab qee hom hnab looj tes.

Retrovirus cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Retrovirus cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Kev faib tawm ntawm retroviruses

thawj piv txwv ntawm tus kab mob retrovirus thiab nws cov teebmeem ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia tau piav qhia ntau dua ib puas xyoo dhau los. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev txaus siab rau cov kab mob microorganism tau loj hlob zoo heev. Tam sim no retroviruses tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

  1. Tsev neeg ntawm cov kab mob oncogenic. Qhov ntau yam no pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm sarcomas thiab leukemia hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm hom kab mob no yog tus kab mob T-lymphotropic tib neeg.
  2. Lentivirus tsev neeg. Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg yogHIV.
  3. tsev neeg Spumavirus. Hom kab no tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob, tab sis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qib cellular.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus kab mob morphology, ntau hom kab mob tau txheeb xyuas, uas tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg:

  1. Sellless kab mob.
  2. Plhaub hom nrog acentric nucleocapsid kev npaj.
  3. Shell hom uas cov nucleocapsid nyob hauv nruab nrab.
  4. kab mob loj loj nrog tsawg kawg ntawm tus kabmob.

Virus RNA muaj ntau qhov kev nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, raws li, nws yuav encode tsuas yog qee pawg ntawm cov qauv proteins: Gag, CA, MA thiab NC pawg.

Kev kho mob Retrovirus
Kev kho mob Retrovirus

Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm RNA viruses

Muaj ntau tus kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm RNA kab mob. Cov no suav nrog:

  1. Flu.
  2. Rubella.
  3. YViral enteritis.
  4. Mumps.
  5. tus kab mob nkag mus.
  6. HIV
  7. T-lymphotropic human infection type 1.
  8. T-lymphotropic human infection type 2.

RNA kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm sarcomas thiab leukemias.

Acute retroviral syndrome hauv HIV

Ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm tshwm sim los ntawm RNA-muaj cov kab mob, feem ntau yog mob retroviral syndrome. Qhov no yog thawj kab mob nrog tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kav ntev txog rau lub hlis tom qab kis kab mob.

Tom qab kis kab mob HIV, feem ntau nws yuav siv li ob peb lub lis piammus txog ob peb lub hlis. Lub sijhawm no, tsis muaj kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Lub sijhawm asymptomatic no hu ua lub sijhawm incubation. Qee zaum, nws tuaj yeem kav ntev txog ib xyoos.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Retrovirus
Cov tsos mob ntawm Retrovirus

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob retrovirus tshwm sim maj mam, pib nrog kev swb ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud, xws li mob khaub thuas, txawm hais tias ntau zaus hauv cov neeg mob, qhov pib ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim raws li mononucleosis:

  • tshwm stomatitis, pharyngitis nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov qog ntshav;
  • lub cev kub nce;
  • qab los noj mov, tus neeg mob pib poob phaus;
  • nausea, quav quav;
  • qhov loj ntawm tus po thiab daim siab nce;
  • tawm pob tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
  • aseptic meningitis tsim, tus neeg mob lub siab lub ntsws puas ntsoog, neuritis tshwm.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus mob

Cov theem mob ntawm tus kab mob no kav li kaum hnub. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj tus neeg mob muaj tus kab mob pathology, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pub ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam: HIV RNA raug kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav. Tom qab ntawd, kev pom zoo ntawm theem mob ntawm tus mob retroviral syndrome yog ua tiav. Rau qhov no, rov ntsuam xyuas dua. Yog tias, tom qab peb lub lis piam, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HIV pom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab leukopenia thiab lymphopenia tau pom nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam dav dav, tom qab ntawd qhov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Cov retroviruses yog
Cov retroviruses yog

Yog tias tsis kuaj tus kab mob thiab kho thaum lub sijhawm no, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob retrovirus tuaj yeem txo qis rau ntau xyoo. Tsuas yog qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog qhov nce hauv cov qog ntshav qog.

Yog tias kuaj tau raws sijhawm, thiab kho tus kab mob retrovirustau sau tseg kom raug, ces cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nyob nrog pathology tau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo.

Kev kho mob

Muaj ntau qhov kev xav sib txawv ntawm kev kho thawj zaug, tab sis lawv txhua tus npau taws rau qhov tseeb tias kev kho yuav tsum tau pib tam sim tom qab kuaj mob, yam tsis tau tos qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim thiab teeb meem.

Paub txog dab tsi tua tus kab mob retrovirus, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev kho kom raug thiab sau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau, ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raug xaiv, uas raug coj mus rau hauv chaw kuaj ntshav cov ntshav.

Cov piv txwv ntawm Retrovirus
Cov piv txwv ntawm Retrovirus

Muaj ntau:

  • tshuaj muaj nyob rau pawg thim rov qab transcriptase nucleoside;
  • txhais tau tias los ntawm pab pawg neeg protease;
  • tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau cov uas tsis yog-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors.

Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob thib ob ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev kho tus kab mob retroviral. Txog rau qhov kawg no, tus kws kho mob tau sau ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tiav, thaum lub sijhawm lawv txiav txim siab seb tus neeg mob raug mob dab tsi. Tom qab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ntev, xaiv txoj kev kho kom tshem tau tus kab mob los yog kom ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ruaj khov.

Raws li kev kho mob ntxiv, kev kho cov tshuaj vitamin, kho lub cev, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev kho khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Tom qab kev kho mob, tus neeg mob yuav tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tag nrho nws lub neej, coj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, ua raws li cov lus qhia nruj. Txwv tsis pub, tus kab mob retrovirus tuaj yeem rov ua haujlwm.

T-lymphotropic human viruses

T-lymphotropic pathologies muab faib ua obhom: hom 1 thiab hom 2. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog sawv cev los ntawm qee yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob RNA.

thawj hom kab mob T-lymphotropic suav nrog T-cell leukemia, lymphoma thiab tropical spastic paraparesis. Hauv thaj chaw kis mob uas muaj kev kis tus kab mob T-lymphotropic siab, dermatitis, mob ntsws, thiab mob caj dab raug kuaj pom.

T-lymphotropic hom 2 tus kab mob ua rau T-cell lymphoma thiab qee hom kab mob leukemia. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub hau leukemia.

Dab tsi tua tus kab mob retrovirus
Dab tsi tua tus kab mob retrovirus

Nyob hauv kaw

Txhua tus kab mob no yooj yim dua los tiv thaiv dua li kho, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kis tus kab mob RNA. Yuav kom noj qab haus huv, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyiam huv ntawm tus kheej, ntxuav koj txhais tes nrog xab npum thiab dej. Kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv yuav pab tiv thaiv kab mob.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob rov qab, koj yuav tsum ua tus cwj pwm kom ntxuav koj txhais tes txhua zaus koj nkag hauv tsev los ntawm txoj kev, ua ntej noj mov. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem thaiv - hnab looj tes, hnab looj tes roj hmab, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Cov kev cai yooj yim no yuav pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob retrovirus.

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