Microscopic polyangiitis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Microscopic polyangiitis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
Microscopic polyangiitis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Microscopic polyangiitis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Microscopic polyangiitis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
Video: Qhia txog peb hmoob Kev cai txheej txheem kab tshoob Kev Kos thiab hais zaj. 2019-2020 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Lo lus "microscopic polyangiitis" yog hais txog cov kab mob loj, cov chav kawm uas yog nrog los ntawm kev mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha me, tsim cov chaw ntawm necrosis hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ze rau cov hlab ntsha, venules thiab capillaries.. Lub pathology belongs rau pab pawg neeg ntawm vasculitis.

Tam sim no, ntau txoj hauv kev tau tsim los kho cov kab mob microscopic polyangiitis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tus kab mob no nyuaj heev los kho. Yog tias txoj kev saib xyuas tsis zoo, kev phais raug qhia.

Cov hlab ntsha puas
Cov hlab ntsha puas

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Thawj zaug tus kab mob no raug cais tawm hauv daim ntawv nosological cais hauv xyoo 1948. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm polyarteritis nodosa, tsis ntev los yog tom qab, cov hlab ntsha me tau cuam tshuam, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim.necrotizing glomerulonephritis, tab sis tib lub sij hawm arterial hypertension tau pom tsis tshua muaj neeg mob. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab cais cov kab mob pathological nosology.

Qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog vim qhov tseeb tias microscopic polyangiitis yog qhov txawv ntawm polyarteritis nodosa. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, tus kab mob sib xyaw ua ke cov cim qhia ntawm Wegener's granulomatosis thiab sai sai glomerulonephritis. Lub ntsws, tawv nqaij, thiab lub raum feem ntau cuam tshuam.

Raws li ICD-10, microscopic polyangiitis yog coded M31.7.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob

Yog vim li cas

Tus kab mob etiology tseem tsis paub. Tam sim no, kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov uas nws yuav muaj peev xwm xav tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob muaj dab tsi - kab mob lossis kab mob immunogenetic.

Hnub no, nws paub tias cov kab mob ntawm microscopic polyangiitis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cytoplasm ntawm neutrophils, uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha. Cov hlab ntsha nruab nrab thiab loj tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Symptoms

Cov kws kho mob hu tus kab mob sib txawv (nyob ntawm seb lub cev twg koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathological). Yog hais tias peb tham txog microscopic polyangiitis nrog rau lub raum puas, nws yog kev cai los tham txog necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Thaum lub ntsws koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathological, tus kab mob hu ua hemorrhagic alveolitis. Nrog rau qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yog kev cai hais txog leukocytoclastic venulitis.

Cov kab mob saum toj no muaj ntau cov tsos mob, suav nrog cov tshwj xeeb. Kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm microscopic polyangiitis suav nrog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • Tsawg lub cev rau lub sijhawm ntev.
  • hws ntau dhau hmo ntuj.
  • qaug zog, ua tsis taus pa.
  • Nquag ntu ntawm arthralgia thiab myalgia.
  • Hepatic thiab pulmonary syndromes.
  • Kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hlab pa sab sauv (sinusitis, rhinitis ntawm atrophic lossis ulcerative necrotic xwm, otitis media).
  • Synovitis ntawm articular pob qij txha (tsuas yog interphalangeal thiab metacarpophalangeal).
  • Irregularities hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov muag pom. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim xws li keratitis, episcleritis, conjunctivitis, uveitis.
  • mob caj dab.
  • mob hauv siab.
  • Hypertension.
  • Ua pa tsis ua haujlwm.
  • Ua tsis taus pa uas hnyav zuj zus ntxiv mus.
  • YHemoptysis.
  • mob raum tsis ua haujlwm.
  • plab hnyuv los yog pulmonary los ntshav.
  • Kev muaj vascular purpura ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  • Erythema.
  • Ntshav nqaij mos necrosis.
  • Hematuria thiab proteinuria (tus kab mob yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm C-reactive protein ntau).
  • YIschemic enterocolitis.
  • Nephrotic thiab broncho-obstructive syndromes.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias microscopic polyangiitis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tsis yog rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob. Kev ntxhov siab tshaj plawsCov xwm txheej yog: hemoptysis, qib siab ntawm proteinuria, oliguria. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag yuav tshwm sim los ntawm: mob raum thiab ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, kis kab mob, los ntshav pulmonary.

Cov cim ceeb toom
Cov cim ceeb toom

Variants ntawm chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob

Cov kws kho mob faib microscopic polyangiitis rau hauv cov ntawv hauv qab no:

  1. xob laim. Tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev tuag nyob rau ob peb lub lis piam vim yog kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis pulmonary hemorrhage.
  2. Ntxhais. Cov neeg mob muaj glomerulonephritis, uas ua tau sai heev, los yog nephrotic syndrome.
  3. Recurrent. Nws tseem hu ua nruam. Exacerbation ntu tshwm sim txhua txhua 6-12 lub hlis. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tsos mob tsis tshwj xeeb tau pom hauv cov neeg mob.
  4. Lam. Hauv cov neeg mob, feem ntau articular syndrome, hemoptysis thiab hematuria raug kuaj pom.

Yog tias koj ntsib cov tsos mob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Microscopic polyangiitis yog kho los ntawm otorhinolaryngologist, phthisiatrician, ophthalmologist, pulmonologist, dermatologist, nephrologist, thiab lwm yam. Kev xaiv ntawm tus kws kho mob ncaj qha nyob ntawm thaj tsam cuam tshuam. Yog tias muaj cov kab mob sib cais tsis suav nrog, cov kab mob pathology raug kho los ntawm tus kws kho mob rheumatologist.

Clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations

Diagnosis

Thaum pib, tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas thiab kuaj anamnesis. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav sau ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas. Kev kuaj mobmicroscopic polyangiitis suav nrog:

  • Kev tshuaj ntsuam zis thiab ntshav.
  • Test rau creatinine, electrolytes, fibrinogen thiab C-reactive protein. Qhov laj thawj rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau nce ntau yog polyangiitis.
  • Kev tshuaj xyuas txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov hlau hauv cov ntshav.
  • Biopsy ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam. Nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho me me ntawm lub ntsws, lub raum, lub ntsws sab sauv, daim tawv nqaij.
  • Scintigraphy.
  • X-ray kev kuaj.
  • CT.
  • YUltrasound.
  • Radioisotope tshawb fawb.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob yuav xaiv cov tswv yim ntawm kev kho mob.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob
Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob

Drug therapy

Txhua yam kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, ua tiav lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ruaj khov, txhim kho lub neej zoo thiab ntev.

Raws li kev soj ntsuam cov lus qhia, microscopic polyangiitis yog ib tus kab mob uas nws txoj kev kho yuav tsum muaj ntau theem. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov txheej txheem classical ntawm kev kho mob muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

  • Ua tiav kev zam txim ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem pathological nyob rau hauv lub active theem yuav tsum tau qhia cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau cyclophosphamides thiab glucocorticosteroids. Qee qhov xwm txheej, plasmapheresis raug tshuaj kom nce qib ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
  • Tsev kom ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev kho mob. Cov neeg mob tau teem sijhawm kom tau txais lossis tswj hwm cytostatics thiab Prednisolone.
  • Phase cuppingexacerbations. Tam sim no, txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob yog tsis tau tsim. Yog tias qhov exacerbation mob me me, cov kws kho mob tau sau ntawv qhia txog glucocorticosteroids hauv cov koob tshuaj ntau. Yog tias qhov rov qab mob hnyav heev, kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav lub sijhawm ntawm kev zam txim ruaj khov.

Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem hloov kho rau txoj haujlwm no.

Kev kho mob
Kev kho mob

Surgery

Qee zaum, kev siv txoj kev khaws cia tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog tias, vim microscopic polyangiitis, cov neeg mob tsim lub raum tsis ua haujlwm kawg, lawv raug qhia rau kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev. Txog niaj hnub no, kev hloov lub raum yog tib txoj kev kho mob phais xwb.

Huab cua

Feem ntau, nws tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob kom paub tias lawv xav tau kev kho mob ntev heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tu ncua (tag nrho lawv lub neej) yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob rheumatologist kom kuaj xyuas.

Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov kev muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos nrog kev kho mob tsuas yog 65%. Nws yog kev cai los tham txog qhov tsis zoo yog tias tus neeg mob muaj hemoptysis. Lub hnub nyoog laus yog qhov txaus ntshai.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag: mob raum lossis ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, pulmonary hemorrhage, kis mob.

Tus kws kho mob qhov kev sab laj
Tus kws kho mob qhov kev sab laj

Nyob hauv kaw

Microscopic polyangiitis -Nws yog ib qho kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob vasculitis. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm o ntawm cov hlab ntsha me. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tuag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob hauv lawv thaj tsam tam sim ntawd. Cov laj thawj rau kev loj hlob ntawm pathology tseem tsis tau paub.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tus kab mob no yog ib qho txaus ntshai tsis yog rau kev noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob ntawm thawj cov cim ceeb toom.

Pom zoo: