Agglutinin thiab agglutinogen yog cov protein cawm txoj sia

Cov txheej txheem:

Agglutinin thiab agglutinogen yog cov protein cawm txoj sia
Agglutinin thiab agglutinogen yog cov protein cawm txoj sia

Video: Agglutinin thiab agglutinogen yog cov protein cawm txoj sia

Video: Agglutinin thiab agglutinogen yog cov protein cawm txoj sia
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Anonim

Agglutinogen yog cov ntshav protein. Antigens tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub hlis ntawm kev loj hlob fetal. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv pawg ntshav 2, 3 thiab 4. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, txog 236 antigens paub, uas tau muab faib ua 29 lub tshuab. Cov ntshav tau txiav txim siab raws li 2 lub tshuab - ABO thiab Rh yam.

Txoj ntshav. Agglutinogen - yog dab tsi?

Raws li koj paub, ntshav muaj dej, ntshav thiab tsim cov ntsiab lus: leukocytes, erythrocytes thiab platelets.

Agglutinogens tseem hu ua antigens (AGs). Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cell ntawm lub cev. Lawv tiv thaiv txhua qhov chaw. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Kuj tseem muaj antigens nyob rau sab hauv ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Leukocytes kuj muaj lawv tus kheej agglutinogens (ntau dua 90 hom).

Agglutinogen yog ib yam tshuaj uas khaws cia thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas yog genetic alien rau ib tus neeg thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Agglutinogen yog
Agglutinogen yog

Los ntawm lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg, lawv muab faib ua:

  • proteins (Rh protein, Colton, thiab lwm yam);
  • glycoproteins (Lutheran);
  • Yglycolipids (ABO).

Agglutinogen yoggamma globulin, uas tau txais los ntawm tus menyuam mos. Ua ke nrog cov agglutinin tam sim no hauv cov ntshav, nws txiav txim siab txog pawg ntshav, uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm agglutinogens thiab agglutinins

Yog agglutinogens, lawv yog antigens, tau txais los ntawm niam txiv, ces agglutinins (antibodies lossis antibodies) raug tsim thaum thawj xyoo ntawm tus menyuam lub neej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov antigen uas lawv tau npaj.

agglutinogens ntshav agglutinins
agglutinogens ntshav agglutinins

Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv agglutinate (hauv lwm lo lus, lo ua ke) cov kab mob microbial thiab ua rau lawv puas. Tom qab ntawd cov lumps nrog tuag txawv teb chaws los nag thiab tsuas yog tawm ntawm lub cev. Thiab antigens muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lawv xav tau. Yog li agglutinogens, ntshav agglutinins cawm lub cev los ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm txawv teb chaws lub cev. Yog tias tsis muaj lawv txoj haujlwm, kev ciaj sia nyob hauv ib puag ncig yog ua tsis tau.

hom ntshav

Qhia cov pab pawg los ntawm qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau cov antigens. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov kws kho mob yog antigen A thiab B, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Alpha thiab Beta.

Qhov thib ob yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav yog Rh protein ntawm cov ntshav, piv txwv li nws muaj lossis tsis tuaj.

Group Agglutinogens(AG) Agglutinins (AT)
1 - alpha thiab beta AT
2 A beta AT
3 B Alpha AT
4 A, B -

Ntawm no yog pab pawg ntshav txawv li cas; agglutinogens thiab agglutinins raug coj mus rau kev faib tawm tsuas yog cov uas cuam tshuam rau agglutination.

Yuav txiav txim siab pab pawg, ua qhov kev sim no. Thaum sib xyaw cov ntshav sera, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv agglutination tshwm sim (lossis tsis tshwm sim). Raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, lawv xaus.

Agglutination yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis sib haum nrog ib leeg los ua ke thiab tawg. Piv txwv li, erythrocyte agglutinogens ntawm pawg ntshav thib 2 tau ua ke nrog Beta cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv plasma. Yog tias Alpha antibodies nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav no, lawv yuav ua ke. Cov hlwb yuav tuag. Thiab Beta cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas nkag mus rau hauv lub raj kuaj nrog cov ntshav cov ntshav uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv B tseem yuav "pib" cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no.

ntshav agglutinogens
ntshav agglutinogens

Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm

Thawj zaug, pawg ntshav tau muab faib raws li ABO system. Qhov no tshwm sim xyoo 1901, thaum K. Landsteiner nrhiav pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev faib tawm yog tsim los ntawm K. Landsteiner thiab J. Jansky. Lawv tuaj mus rau qhov xaus hais tias agglutinogen yog cov particle, tsis paub txog cov yam ntxwv uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus txuas ntxiv thwmsim nrog rau cov ntshav. Thiab peb tau txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv cov lus qhia no. Xyoo 1903, pawg 4 tau txheeb pom.

Thiab xyoo 1940, A. Wiener thiab K. Landsteiner tau tshawb pom Rh yam. Cov protein no muaj nyob hauv kwv yees li 85% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tawv nqaij dawb. Yog tias cov protein muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav, nws yog Rh zoo (Rh +), thiab thaum tsis tuaj, nws yog qhov tsis zoo (Rh-). Txij thaum ntawd los, hom ntshav tau raug cais raws li 2 lub tshuab no.

Txoj cai hloov pauv

ntshav ntshav txawm nyob hauvpeb lub sijhawm, nrog rau tag nrho cov kev paub txog kev kho mob ntawm peb lub hnub nyoog, yog qhov txaus ntshai. Kev hloov pauv tsuas yog siv thaum cov ntshav poob yog 25% lossis ntau dua ntawm tag nrho cov ntim. Muaj ntau yam txaus ntshai - kab mob, kev poob siab tom qab hloov pauv - txhua yam.

Tsim nrhiav cov ntshav uas tsim nyog tshaj, txwv tsis pub muaj teeb meem kev hloov ntshav. Txawm hais tias nws paub zoo tias cov neeg uas muaj pawg 1 yog cov neeg pub dawb thoob ntiaj teb, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov ntshav hloov pauv loj heev, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis kam txais cov ntshav sib txawv. Ib yam siv rau cov neeg uas muaj pawg 4, uas yog cov neeg tau txais kev pab rau lwm pab pawg.

Cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm pawg 1 yog hu ua cov neeg pub dawb thoob ntiaj teb kom meej vim tias tsis muaj ntshav agglutinogens tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv. Tom qab tag nrho, yuav tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv agglutination nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no.

Cov ntshav. Agglutinogens
Cov ntshav. Agglutinogens

Feem ntau, cov cai rau kev hloov ntshav yog qhov yooj yim. Tab sis tseem, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hais ua ntej txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tso ntshav. Tej zaum yuav muaj latent agglutinogens nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsom xam muaj lub caij nyoog uas lawv yuav tsis raug kuaj. Tom qab ntawd ib tug neeg tom qab ib tug loj ntim ntawm cov ntshav yuav tuag los ntawm kev poob siab. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum paub meej nws pab pawg thiab, tau kawg, kom paub txog qhov muaj Rh protein.

Rh yam thiab cev xeeb tub

Yog tias tus poj niam muaj qhov tsis zoo Rh ntshav protein, qhov no txhais tau tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub. Tus me nyuam uas muaj cov protein no yuav yog khoom txawv teb chaws rau leej niam lub cev.

erythrocyte agglutinin
erythrocyte agglutinin

Poj niam ib zaug txawm hais kom tsis txhob yuav txiv neej nrog Rh protein. Cov tshuaj tiv thaivniam yuav rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab fetal. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua agglutinogen yog ib feem ntawm "kev tawm tsam" ntawm cov hlwb uas zoo li txawv txawv rau lawv.

Nrog Rh tsis sib haum, cov teeb meem hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua tau:

  • kab mob hemolytic hauv menyuam yaus;
  • jaundice thaum yug;
  • miscarriage.

Tseem, yog ib tug poj niam saib xyuas nws tus kheej thiab tswj xyuas cov kws kho mob tas li, tus menyuam yuav yug tau noj qab nyob zoo.

Pom zoo: