Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab mob khaub thuas hauv cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas yog siv los txo cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kis kab mob. Thaum xaiv ib qho kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau muab qhov nyiam rau tus uas nws cov txiaj ntsig tau raug pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.
Tus kab mob khaub thuas: dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai?
Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob yog kev txhim kho tshuaj los tawm tsam tus kab mob khaub thuas. Cov kab mob sib kis no, thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob txaus thiab raws sij hawm, tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Cov tib neeg uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus muaj kev pheej hmoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tus kab mob no, meningitis, o los yog pulmonary edema, bronchitis, mob ntsws yuav tshwm sim. Rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, tus kab mob khaub thuas tawm tsam ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, thiab tus kab mob nce ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Tus kab mob no tas limutates, hom tshiab tshwm sim, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tib neeg lub cev los tiv nrog ib tug tsis paub "tus yeeb ncuab". Cov kab mob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw (Spanish flu, Asian, Hong Kong, swine) coj ntau tus neeg lub neej, thiab yog li ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tau raug txhim kho tas li kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Antiflu agents: mechanism of action
Thaum kho tus mob khaub thuas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis kuj yuav tshem tawm tus kab mob ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas yog tsom rau kev tua cov kab mob, tiv thaiv lub cell los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm tus kab mob thiab kis mus ntxiv. Muaj cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau kev kho mob khaub thuas, thiab cov uas siv tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv.
Raws li kev ua haujlwm, cov txhais tau txawv:
- inhibiting txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas (synthesis) ntawm cov proteins thaum ntxov;
- inhibiting synthesis ntawm DNA thiab RNA-hom nucleic acids;
- inhibiting "kev sib dhos" ntawm cov protein thiab nucleic acid (virion tsim);
- txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlwb los tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev faib tawm
Cov tshuaj uas muaj pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab faib ua ob pawg: M2-channel blockers (tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob khaub thuas A) thiab inhibitors ntawm enzyme los ntawm lub plhaub kab mob - neuraminidase (cuam tshuam rau mob khaub thuas hom A thiab B). Tseem muaj ib pab pawg ntawm interferon - tib neeg thiab hluavtaws.
Nyob ntawm hom kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ("Amantadine", "Arbidol", "Rimantadine", "Tamiflu").
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ("Valacyclovir", "Gerpevir").
- Cov tshuaj Anticytomegalovirus ("Foscarnet", "Ganciclovir").
- Tshuaj siv los kho tus kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob siab C ("Phosphonoformate", "Zidovudine").
- Antiviral (anti-influenza) broad-spectrum tshuaj ("Interferon", "Amiksin").
Interferons yog cov tshuaj broad-spectrum
Interferon yog cov protein (protein) ntawm hom cytokines, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum sib cuag nrog "hloov" kab mob. Peb hom interferon paub: alpha (α), beta (β) thiab gamma (γ). Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj qee yam khoom thiab cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb. Broad-spectrum anti-influenza tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog kis kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj kis kab mob. Nws tau raug tsim los tias tib neeg thiab hluavtaws interferon tsim kev tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm pathology thiab ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog macrophages) ua haujlwm.
Kev npaj nrog interferon tuaj yeem ua ntau hom: txhaj tshuaj (txhaj tshuaj thiab intramuscular), tshuaj pleev rau sab nraud siv, tee, ntsiav tshuaj, suppositories. Ntuj interferon tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv los ntawm cov protein txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog li cov tshuaj hluavtaws los tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas ntawm hom tshiab yog nrov dua.tiam. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev kho kom raug nrog kev pab los ntawm kws kho mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob twg haum rau menyuam yaus?
Ib tug menyuam lub cev muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kabmob, vim tias, tsis zoo li cov neeg laus, nws lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau muaj zog txaus los muab qhov tsim nyog rau cov kab mob kab mob. Tus kab mob no yeej kov yeej tus neeg me thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsws sab sauv. Ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas rau cov menyuam yaus uas tau tso cai siv txij thaum yug los. Nws tuaj yeem yog homeopathic ("Viburkol") thiab txhais tau tias los ntawm pab pawg ntawm interferons. Ntawm cov tom kawg, tswm ciab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov niam txiv: "Viferon", "Anaferon", "Kipferon". Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, tshuaj xyuas uas feem ntau zoo.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws - "Tamiflu", "Arbidol", "Rimantadine" - tsuas yog siv tau yog tias lawv tau muab thawj zaug ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kabmob. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tau muab raws sijhawm, tag nrho tib yam, kev pab yuav tsis tuaj. Qhov no yog vim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj nquag: mob khaub thuas hom A tsis tuaj yeem kho nrog kev kho mob rau hom B. Nws tsim nyog txwv tsis pub yuav cov tshuaj hauv khw muag tshuaj uas tsis dhau qhov kev sim tshuaj: Panavir, Cycloferon, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li ntawd, ua ntej tus kws kho mob tuaj txog, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tus menyuam kom muab cov kua dej ntau uas txo cov tsos mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.(anti-influenza, anti-herpetic). Cov no yuav tsum tsuas yog cov khoom uas muaj pov thawj ua tau zoo, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau muab nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus qhia.
tshuaj mob khaub thuas thiab cev xeeb tub
Thaum cev xeeb tub, poj niam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog thiab yooj yim "nco" kab mob kab mob. Feem ntau cov tshuaj raug txwv tsis pub noj hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg, thiaj li tsis ua mob rau tus menyuam hauv plab, tab sis tus kab mob khaub thuas yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tus menyuam thiab leej niam. Tso cai tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab thaum pub niam mis: Viferon, Tamiflu, Oscillococcinum. Ua ntej pib kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau sab laj nrog ib tus kws kho mob gynecologist uas yog tus saib xyuas cev xeeb tub thiab paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm leej niam leej niam.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los tiv thaiv tus kab mob yog kev tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, tus niam uas muaj kev cia siab yuav tsum saib xyuas nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv. Thaum muaj tus kab mob sib kis, nws yuav tsum txwv tsis pub mus ntsib cov chaw pej xeem thiab tsis txhob tiv tauj tus neeg mob. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv interferon uas koj tus kws kho mob xaiv.
Tsim tshuaj tiam tshiab
Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub tab tom nrhiav tshuaj tiv thaiv txoj sia tshiab thiab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus kab mob khaub thuas hloov pauv. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua tiam tshiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas uas tau muag muag muaj sijhawm los mus kawm txog kev ua tau zoo. Muaj qhov txaus ntshai heevCov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Cov tshuaj muaj pov thawj mob khaub thuas thiab mob khaub thuas siv tau zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb nrog txhais tau tias "Ingavirin", "Derinat", "Tamiflu", "Amiksin", "Kagocel", "Relenza"
Yuav ua li cas thiaj xaiv tus mob khaub thuas?
Cov lus tshaj tawm nrov tsis pab txhua tus kom tshem tau tus kab mob hauv ib hnub. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev rov qab los nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab yog tias muaj ib qho chaw rau depletion, ces qhov tshwm sim zoo los ntawm kev kho tshuaj yuav tsum tau tos ntev. Nws kuj tseem ceeb npaum li cas lawv pib noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws sai sai. Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj pom zoo muaj ntau heev, tab sis cov uas ua rau cov kab mob tsuas yog tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev tag nrho yog suav tias yog siv tau.
Cov khw muag tshuaj muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis kev xaiv yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej, tom qab sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau nws tus kheej txiav txim siab cov tshuaj tsim nyog thiab pleev xim rau kev kho mob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub contraindications thiab tshwm sim tshwm sim uas pab pawg neeg ntawm neuraminidase inhibitors muaj.
"Viferon": cov lus qhia luv luv
"Viferon" yog hais txog hluavtaws interferons (α-2b) thiab muaj cov vitamins C, E. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kho mob rau qhov dav.spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob khaub thuas, mob khaub thuas, gynecological pathologies thiab ntau yam kab mob. Heev feem ntau, "Viferon" yog tshuaj raws li ib tug prophylaxis thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv. Tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev, gel thiab suppositories.
Nyob ntawm hnub nyoog, cov kws kho mob xaiv qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj. Tsis txhob tshaj qhov pom zoo noj! Cov khoom no muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating. Hauv kev kho menyuam yaus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas rau menyuam yaus raug sau tseg yog tias muaj qee yam qhia. Cov tswm ciab nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag (150,000 IU) tau siv los kho cov menyuam mos. Rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, qhov concentration ntawm "Viferon" yuav ntau dua.
Cov tshuaj tau dhau qhov kev sim tsim nyog thiab tsis muaj kev phiv. Muaj tsawg zaus, kev tsis haum tshuaj yuav tshwm sim uas tsis tas yuav kho.
Ingavirin
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas ntawm ib tiam tshiab tau ntxiv nrog rau lwm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua "Ingavirin". Cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txuas ntxiv mus rau kab mob khaub thuas hom A, B, kab mob ua pa, parainfluenza. Ib ntsiav tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj muaj 90 mg ntawm cov tshuaj nquag vitaglutam. Immunostimulatory nyhuv txhawb kev tsim cov interferon.
Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj tshuaj lom tsawgCov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho mob khaub thuas hauv ib hnub tom qab pib noj Ingavirin. Kev mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qho kev ua xua tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj. Txawm hais tias tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov kev sim, nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj rau cov poj niam hauv txoj haujlwm, thaum cev xeeb tub thiab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo.
Amixin
Ib qho hluavtaws inductor ntawm txhua hom interferon, cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj "Amiksin" ("Tiloron") tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej nkaus xwb ntawm qhov zoo. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv tau rau cov mob khaub thuas, mob khaub thuas, kab mob siab (B, C, A), kab mob herpetic thiab cytomegalovirus.
Interferon inductor raug pom zoo kom coj los ua kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev sib kis. Cov chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob thiab ntau npaum li cas yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Contraindications yog ib tug neeg intolerance rau lub Cheebtsam, muaj hnub nyoog txog li 7 xyoo, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation.
Y"Lipoferon"
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tshiab tshwm sim ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. "Lipoferon" yog ib tug liposomal tus neeg sawv cev raws li recombinant interferon ntawm α (alpha) pab pawg, uas muaj antioxidant vitamin E thiab C. Qhov zoo ntawm interferon nyob rau hauv liposomes yog kev khaws cia ntawm kev ua si lom thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj kuj tau ua tiav, ua pov thawj qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj kev phiv.
Like ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuasCov tshuaj "Lipoferon" yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hmoov nrog txawv concentrations ntawm interferon. Hauv kev kho menyuam yaus, kev siv tshuaj raug tso cai yog tias tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos. Thaum cev xeeb tub, lactation thiab nrog kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws yog txwv tsis pub noj.
Kuv yuav tsum noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas?
Cov kws kho mob tau faib rau qhov xav tau los sau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas) rau cov neeg mob. Muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab ntawm cov neeg uas tau ntsib cov nyiaj no. Immunologists, pediatricians, therapists pom zoo kom tsis txhob noj nws tus kheej thiab noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas raws li kws kho mob. Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm hom no tau nthuav tawm hauv kev muag dawb yog qhov loj heev, tab sis qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws yog tseem muab rau interferon inducers nrog tsawg kawg contraindications thiab phiv.
Rau qhov kev siv tshuaj kho tau zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua lub neej noj qab haus huv thiab tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov zaub mov noj tshuaj uas tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tiam neeg los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus.
