Sinusitis yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim heev. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm o nyob rau hauv lub sinuses. Tus kab mob no txaus ntshai vim tias nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv mob ntev, nrog rau ua rau muaj teeb meem rau lub qhov muag, pob ntseg, hlwb, thiab ua rau mob sepsis.
Ntau hom kab mob sinusitis yog cov tsos mob sib txawv, muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv cov txheej txheem thiab kev kho mob. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas hom kab mob no kom raug thiab sau txoj hauv kev txaus los daws nws.
Etiology ntawm tus kab mob
Nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua hom sinusitis, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm kev txhaws ntawm qhov hluav taws xob lumen ntawm maxillary sinus. Nws ua rau sab hauv o thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm purulent masses.
Muaj ntau yam uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov thaiv thiab ua rau qhov pib ntawm sinusitis:
- nkag mus rau hauv nasopharynx ntawm cov kab mob, kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob hauv lub ntsws sab sauv;
- tsis kho qhov ntswg;
- siv tas li ntawm rhinitis tee;
- draft;
- kev raug mob rau saum npoo ntawm cov mucous ntawm cov maxillary sinuses;
- khaub thuas;
- txo qiskev tiv thaiv;
- pharyngitis;
- tonsillitis;
- ntev nyob hauv ib chav nrog cua qhuav lossis cua kub;
- mob hnyav hypothermia;
- tsis saib xyuas kab mob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav nyob ib sab ntawm cov sinuses;
- bronchial hawb pob;
- anatomical nta thiab qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav;
- hloov SARS thiab mob npaws;
- cystic fibrosis;
- polyps, adenoids, qee cov qog;
- kev txhim kho ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab hauv los ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav (choan);
- allergens;
- kab mob kis;
- fungus;
- tuberculosis;
- scarlet fever;
- measles;
- raug rau kab mob ua pa ntawm kev tawm tsam hnyav thiab tshuaj fumes.
Feem ntau tus kab mob tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg-caij ntuj no. Tseeb tiag, lub sijhawm no muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv lub cev vim yog hypovitaminosis.
Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua xya xyoo, tus kab mob tsis tshwm sim, txij li cov maxillary sinuses tseem tsis tau tsim nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no.
Signs
Muaj ntau hom kab mob sinusitis. Cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob pab txiav txim qhov etiology ntawm tus kab mob, nrog rau nws daim ntawv thiab theem. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum kuaj xyuas thiab xaiv txoj hauv kev kho cov kab mob.
Tag nrho cov cim qhia tau muab faib ua dav dav thiab hauv zos. Thawj pab pawg neeg mob muaj xws li:
- nce hauv lub cev kub txog peb caug cuaj degrees;
- xav qaug zog;
- pom kev qaug zog;
- mob taub hau;
- tawm hws ntau dhau;
- memory deterioration.
Rau cov yam ntxwv hauv zossinusitis muaj xws li:
- mob ib ce nyob rau hauv lub sinuses, hnyav rau yav tsaus ntuj thiab thaum lub taub hau yog qaij;
- tawm ntawm qhov ntswg, nws congestion;
- tsis hnov tsw;
- siab ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg;
- ua pa nyuaj;
- hnoos fits.
theem ntawm kev txhim kho kab mob
Cov tsos mob ntawm sinusitis tsis tshwm sim sai sai. Lawv qhov kev siv zog hloov lub sijhawm, raws li tus kab mob loj hlob hauv theem. Cov theem hauv qab no ntawm nws cov chav kawm yog qhov txawv:
- subacute;
- ntsim;
- mob.
thawj cov cim qhia ntawm sinusitis feem ntau yog:
- thaiv qhov ntswg;
- malaise;
- sneeze;
- ntxhais lus.
Subacute theem ntawm sinusitis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev pom kev tsis zoo txhua hnub ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim nrog kev siv zog zuj zus.
Kev kho mob rau theem ntawm tus kab mob no tau zoo heev. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv thaj tsam ntawm paranasal sinuses.
Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob txaus, kev txhim kho ntawm sinusitis dhau mus rau theem tom ntej - mob. Nws yog characterized by:
- temperature;
- pom qhov mob ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg;
- ua rau tsis xis nyob thaum tig taub hau thiab yav tsaus ntuj.
Thaum nias, qhov mob kis hauv qab ob lub qhov muag. Qee zaum puffiness tshwm, daim tawv muag tig liab.
Daim ntawv mob sinusitis kav li ob mus rau peb lub lis piam. Nrog sijhawmkho mob, tus kab mob no kho tau zoo.
Cov theem ntawm sinusitis tshwm sim thaum kho tsis tiav ntawm tus kab mob ntawm theem dhau los. Nws muaj cov tsos mob me ntsis ntxiv. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm theem no yog:
- rhinitis tas mus li uas kho tsis tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj;
- mob taub hau thiab qhov muag;
- daim tawv muag o;
- tshwm sim ntawm conjunctivitis;
- dulling the sense of tsw.
Thaum lub sijhawm mob ntev, kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob hloov nrog lub sijhawm ntawm kev zam txim. Qhov no tshwm sim txhua peb mus rau plaub lub hlis.
Hauv cov kab mob sinusitis ntev, cov qauv kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv maxillary sinus. Lub sijhawm thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim.
Yuav ua li cas cov kab mob sinusitis yog: thaj tsam ntawm kev faib cov kab mob
Localization ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib qho sinus lossis ob qho tib si. Nyob ntawm qhov no, ob hom sinusitis yog qhov txawv:
- ib leeg;
- ob-sided.
thawj daim ntawv tsis hnyav dua qhov thib ob. Nws raug kuaj pom ntau zaus. Sinusitis tuaj yeem ua rau sab laug thiab sab xis. Nws nyob ntawm qhov sinus uas cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob hauv zos hauv qhov no tsuas yog pom ntawm ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag xwb.
Bilateral sinusitis txawv qhov txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab kho mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm. Feem ntau, nws raug kho hauv tsev kho mob, vim kev tawm tsam hauv tsev nyuaj heev.
Kev faib tawmsinusitis los ntawm ua rau
Hom thiab cov cim qhia ntawm sinusitis yog sib cuam tshuam. External manifestations ntawm tus kab mob pab txiav txim nws etiology. Qhov no tso cai rau koj xaiv txoj cai kev kho mob thiab tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Hauv tshuaj, txhua hom kab mob, uas muaj keeb kwm sib txawv, muaj lub npe.
- Viral sinusitis - feem ntau tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm SARS. Pathogenic microbes nkag mus rau hauv lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau thiab ua o ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg thiab mucous daim nyias nyias. Qhov no ua rau mob rhinitis hnyav. Puffiness tiv thaiv cov hnoos qeev tawm ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg tag. Qhov no ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory nyob rau ntawd, uas yog qhov pib ntawm sinusitis. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob kis tsis tau hais tawm thiab mob heev.
- Kab mob sinusitis - tshwm sim thaum cov kab mob pathogenic nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov txhab maxillary. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm streptococci thiab Haemophilus influenzae. Nws tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob sinusitis thaum tsis muaj nws txoj kev kho mob. Thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob muaj cov duab pom tseeb - muaj cov paug tawm ntawm lub qhov ntswg, kub taub hau, thiab kev noj qab haus huv heev.
- Fungal sinusitis - tsis tshwm sim heev. Mycosis ntawm paranasal sinuses tshwm sim thaum lawv raug thaiv vim yog mob khaub thuas, vim yog lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab nrog kev raug mob ntawm qhov ntswg. Cov kab mob pathogenic fungus lossis tag nrho cov koom haum ntawm lawv pib tsim nyob rau hauv kab noj hniav, uas tam sim no tsis tau tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Mycoses tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav thiab mob ntev. Pathology muaj lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev loj hlob,tsis muaj tsos mob ntev.
- Allergic sinusitis yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau sab nraud stimuli uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov ntswg mucosa. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog: kub taub hau, qhov tsos mob ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub puab tsaig. Feem ntau nrog hnoos, tshwm sim ntawm conjunctivitis, keratitis. Tsis xav tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Cov tsos mob daws tau thaum lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj raug tshem tawm.
- Odontogenic sinusitis - tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob hauv cov sinuses los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav. Thawj theem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm serous daim ntawv ntawm qhov txhab. Nrog edema, ua pa nyuaj. Nws sai sai hloov mus rau hauv purulent sinusitis. Yog tias tsis kho, cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis thiab mob hnyav tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
- Kev mob sinusitis - tshwm sim raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm pob txha ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab lub puab tsaig, ua rau o ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa. Nrog mob taub hau, qhov ntswg tawm, tsis xis nyob, o, qhov ntswg congestion. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog phais.
- Aerosinusitis - tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob rau lub qhov txhab vim kev hloov pauv ntawm huab cua hauv huab cua. Cov kab mob ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau thiab scuba divers. Nws feem ntau yog ob tog. Nrog ua pa luv thiab qhov ntswg congestion.
- Mixed sinusitis - tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ib txhij ntawm ntau hom kab mob.
Kev faib cov kab mob los ntawm kev hloov pauv morphological
Hom sinusitis hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaustxawv tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob. Tus kab mob no tau muab faib ua pawg, nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv qhov ntswg.
- Catarrhal sinusitis yog qhov kho tau yooj yim tshaj plaws. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm edema ntawm sinus mucosa thiab hyperemia. Nrog rau qhov tso tawm ntshiab ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab qhov kev xav ntawm qhov siab me ntsis hauv qhov ntswg.
- Purulent sinusitis yog hom kab mob txaus ntshai. Tej zaum yuav ua rau qhov muag tsis pom, pob qhov muag abscess, teeb meem intracranial. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntws ntawm copious purulent tawm ntawm lub qhov ntswg, uas accumulates nyob rau hauv lub sinus. Mucus tej zaum yuav muaj ntshav.
- Polypous sinusitis - tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb ntawm qhov ntswg mucosa. Nrog congestion, kub taub hau, purulent tawm, mob rhiab heev. Feem ntau, hyperplasia tshwm sim hauv ib lub qhov ntswg xwb. Kev loj hlob ntawm polyps thiab cysts tuaj yeem kuaj tau, cov mucous membrane deformed.
Kev tshwm sim thiab teeb meem
Txhua yam kab mob sinusitis yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim thiab kho. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sij hawm, ntau yam teeb meem thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov tseem ceeb yog:
- kho tus kab mob mus rau theem mob;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem nrog lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag;
- kev hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory mus rau lwm yam kabmob;
- sepsis;
- meningitis;
- periostitis.
Diagnosis
Kom zamtxaus ntshai tshwm sim, kev kho mob yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog raws sij hawm, tab sis kuj zoo. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom raug, uas tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm kws kho mob. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas sinusitis. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej lawv txhua tus, tus kws kho mob yuav ua qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm tus neeg mob thiab mloog nws cov lus tsis txaus siab.
- X-ray. Tsis xav tau kev npaj tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg mob. Pab kom txiav txim siab qhov muaj thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory (hauv ib lossis ob lub sinuses). Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom polyposis ntawm sinusitis los ntawm daim duab. Cysts, polyps thiab qog nyob rau hauv daim duab tsis txawv ntawm cov edema yooj yim.
- Endoscopy. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev ntxig lub koob yees duab me me uas txuas nrog lub raj rau hauv lub qhov ntswg. Tso cai rau koj ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov turbinates thiab xeem.
- Computed tomography. Pab kom pom cov duab ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov sinuses thiab nqe lus. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pab txheeb xyuas hom sinusitis thiab lawv txoj kev kho mob. Txoj kev tshawb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov neoplasms thiab txawv teb chaws lub cev, kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ntev, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
- MRI. Qhia txog kev hloov ntawm cov qauv hauv kev nthuav dav. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nws tus nqi siab.
- tshawb nrhiav kab mob. Siv los txiav txim seb hom kab mob uas ua rau tus kab mob no.
Drug therapy
Kev mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab kuaj pom tseeb yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab yam raugkab mob thiab tsis suav nrog lwm hom sinusitis. Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob yog inextricably txuas. Thiab txoj kev kho kom raug tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm nws cov kev tshwm sim sai sai, thiab sai sai rov qab kho qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov sinuses.
Ntau hom kab mob sinusitis tau ua tiav nrog txoj kev kho mob. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog:
- xyuas kom cov kua paug tawm ntawm qhov sinuses;
- kev huv qhov ntswg;
- tshem tawm ntawm edema;
- tso tseg cov txheej txheem inflammatory;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
Feem ntau, kev kho tshuaj ua haujlwm zoo. Rau qhov no thov:
- nasal drops;
- nasal rinses;
- tshuaj tua kab mob;
- bacteriophages;
- antipyretic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- mucolytics.
Txhua yam tshuaj tsuas yog tuaj yeem muab los ntawm kws kho mob. Kev rov qab sai yog ua tau tsuas yog nrog qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus kws kho mob cov tshuaj, nrog rau kev ua raws li kev noj tshuaj.
Puncture method of treatment
Thaum purulent sinusitis kho nrog tshuaj ib leeg yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem, cov kws kho mob ua qhov sib tsoo:
- nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib tsoo, tag nrho cov kua paug tawm ntawm qhov sinus, nws raug ntxuav;
- tom qab ntawd, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raug txhaj rau ntawd.
Qee zaum ua ib qho puncturetsis txaus. Ib tug series ntawm punctures yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ob peb lub lis piam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tshwj xeeb catheter yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntswg qhov ntswg. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob mob ntxiv rau tus neeg mob.
kev kho neeg zoo
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj, cov kws kho mob kuj tseem pom zoo kom siv cov zaub mov txawv. Txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau cov kev kho mob pej xeem rau sinusitis, kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob zoo dua li cov tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog ua ke nrog cov tshuaj, thiab tsis yog siv rau lawv.
Ntau tshaj yog:
- yaug qhov ntswg nrog saline;
- cog ntawm thuja roj, propolis;
- tampons nrog Kalanchoe nplooj;
- thov compresses nrog nplooj nplooj decoction;
- ua kom sov nrog ntsev;
- Kev nqus nrog tshuaj ntsuab, qos yaj ywm, menthol.
Surgery
Thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob hnyav, phais siv tau los kho sinusitis. Feem ntau siv:
- nrog kev raug mob sinusitis;
- rau cov ntawv mob hnyav;
- thaum polyps, cysts, neoplasms pom nyob rau hauv qhov ntswg;
- tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Muaj ob peb txoj cai uas koj tuaj yeem ua raws kom txo tau txoj hauv kevqhov tshwm sim ntawm mob sinusitis lossis rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob ntev. Yuav tsum tau:
- moisturize huab cua sab hauv;
- ua tus kheej zaws hauv thaj tsam ntawm maxillary sinuses;
- thaum koj tsis xis nyob hauv koj lub qhov ntswg, tshuab pa;
- ua pa ua pa.
Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem zam qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, tom qab ntawd thaum thawj qhov kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yog txwv tsis pub kho rau sinusitis raws li kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Is Taws Nem lossis cov lus qhia ntawm cov phooj ywg. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug thiab txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev kom raug rau tus kab mob txaus ntshai. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom yeej nws sai sai.
