Txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau lub hlis, tus menyuam pib tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws, siv cov khoom nruab nrog cev, hnov lus, pom, saj rhiab heev. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tus menyuam pom kev txaus siab rau txhua yam uas nws ntsib ntawm nws txoj kev. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob ntxiv.
Thiab tus menyuam loj dua, qhov yuav kis tau ntau dua, thaum nws pib txav ntau thiab sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg. Raws li WHO, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua peb xyoos feem ntau raug rau cov kab mob no. Vim li cas helminths thiaj li txaus ntshai? Puas yog cov tsos mob thiab lawv ua tau yooj yim txheeb xyuas?
kab mob cab: yam ntxwv thiab ntau yam
Muaj ntau hom worms uas ua phem rau tib neeg, ntau dua ob puas, tab sis qee qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tsuas yog qee qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv CIS lub teb chaws thiab Russia, feem ntau, roundworms, los yog nematodes, parasitize. Feem ntau cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob xws li hymenolepiasis (kab mob - pygmy tapeworm) thiab enterobiasis (kab mob - pinworm).
Kev kis feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag hauv tsev los ntawm tus menyuam muaj mob mus rau ib tus neeg noj qab haus huv thaum siv cov khoom ua si (cov khoom ua si, ntaub pua chaw, tais diav). Tsis tas li ntawd, tus menyuam tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev nyob hauv tib chav nrog tus neeg mob thiab nqus cov plua plav. Tab sis nrog enterobiasis (pinworms), ib tug neeg tuaj yeem "qhia" nws tus kheej los ntawm cov tes qias neeg lossis cov khoom tsis huv.
Qee pawg kab cab cab nyob rau hauv cov kabmob sib txawv. Cestodes (dwarf, bovine, nqaij npuas tapeworm) thiab nematodes (roundworms, hookworms, strongyloids) nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj. Trematodes nyob rau hauv lub biliary ib ntsuj av thiab daim siab. Cov larvae ntawm tapeworm nrog cov ntshav ntws nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov nqaijrog, hlwb thiab qhov muag chamber.
Trematodes (flukes) thiab tapeworms feem ntau yog kuaj tau thaum yau. Cov tsos mob nyob rau theem mob (2-3 lub lis piam) yog vim muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Tom qab ob peb lub hlis, thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob kom raug, theem mob ntawm tus kab mob pib.
Kev kho mob tshwm sim nyob ntawm tus lej thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov khoom noj. Kab mob nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, nyem thiab ua rau lawv raug mob, ua rau intoxication. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob ua kom nqus tag nrho cov as-ham uas tuaj nrog cov ntshav, yog li cuam tshuam lawv qhov nqus mus rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li hypovitaminosis thiab ntshav ntshav.
Txawm tias nyob rau theem mob ntev, helminths txuas ntxiv lawv cov teebmeem rau tib neeg. Cov tsos mob hauv cov neeg laus yuav luag zoo ib yam limanifestations ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal tsawg zuj zus. Thiab qee hom kab cab muaj peev xwm tsim cov qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov chaw hauv zos.
plab hnyuv nematodes hauv menyuam yaus
Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov kab mob helminthic yog provoked los ntawm nematodes. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov kab mob sib kis - cov kab mob sib kis nrog cov taw qhia txog 15 cm ntev. Lawv yog cov dawb thiab translucent nyob rau hauv cov xim, nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me, ua kom tsis tu ncua.
Nrhiav lawv hauv cov quav yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pub cov quav rau helminths ob peb zaug. Yog tsis muaj kev siv cov kev ntsuas kho, lawv lub neej expectancy yuav mus txog 2 xyoos.
Pinworms
Cov no yog me me (txog 1 cm) nkhaus worms dawb. Lawv nyob hauv cov hnyuv loj thiab me. Feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov quav ntawm tus menyuam. Thiab thaum hmo ntuj, lawv nkag mus rau saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom tso lawv cov larvae. Hauv cov menyuam ntxhais, cov kab mob feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw mos, ua rau muaj kab mob thiab ua rau khaus khaus heev.
Tus kab mob no hu ua enterobiasis. Nws tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 3 xyoos, yog tias koj tsis siv tshuaj kho. Txawm hais tias lub neej ntawm pinworms luv luv, vim muaj ntau tus larvae nteg, lawv cov lej tau rov qab sai sai.
helminths nkag mus rau hauv tus menyuam lub cev li cas?
Cov menyuam yaus muaj cov tsos mob thaum muaj ib qho me mecov tib neeg raug tshem tawm, tab sis yog tias cov kab mob loj nyob hauv cov hnyuv, tom qab ntawd daim duab kho mob tau hais meej heev. Ascariasis nrog kev cuam tshuam loj heev yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis thiab plab hnyuv. Enterobiosis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov khaus perianal, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pw tsaug zog. Txoj kev ntawm kev sib kis yog dav hlau.
Cov qe ntawm cov kab mob nkag mus rau ib puag ncig nrog rau cov quav ntawm cov tsiaj muaj mob thiab tib neeg. Lub microscopic loj ntawm cov larvae yog heev resistant rau sab nraud influences, yog li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv av, zaub mov, tawv nqaij los yog khaub ncaws. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav ntawm tus me nyuam, lawv raug kev puas tsuaj ib nrab los ntawm acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab. Nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv, lawv tam sim ntawd ua kom nquag plias thiab pib sib npaug.
Tshwj xeeb raug kab mob yog cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua rau xyoo. Hauv cov menyuam mos, qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov tseem tsis zoo. Raws li qhov no, cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyiam huv ntawm lawv tus menyuam kom cov helminths txaus ntshai tsis nkag mus rau hauv nws lub cev. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li qaug zog, qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, thiab tawv nqaij daj.
main manifestations
Ntau zaus ntawm tus kws kho mob lub sijhawm teem sijhawm, leej niam qhia tias nws pom cov kab mob me me lossis cov kab mob tsis zoo hauv tus menyuam cov quav. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tam sim rau helminths thiab khawb txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj xyuas tus kab mob kom raug thiab kho nws. Indirect manifestations nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam kuj tseem ceeb toom cov niam txiv txog helminthic ntxeem tau. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no: nquagxeev siab, salivation ntau dhau, nce lossis txo qis hauv qab los noj mov, quav quav tsis muaj laj thawj (zaub, cem quav), kiv taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd lub voj voog nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag, pallor, mob taub hau, cramping mob nyob rau hauv lub plab, qaug zog - tag nrho cov no qhia tau hais tias ib tug kab mob. Feem ntau, cov kab mob ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd tus me nyuam muaj kab mob dermatitis, pob liab liab, diathesis.
Lwm cov cim qhia ntawm helminths
Nyob rau hauv cov ntxhais, tag nrho cov no yog nrog los ntawm inflammatory txheej txheem ntawm sab nraud genitalia. Cov menyuam yaus muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg txaus ntshai, tsis txaus ntseeg, ntuav, zom cov hniav, pw tsaug zog tsis zoo, nrog rau kev qw thiab tantrums. Kev khaus khaus hauv qhov quav ua rau tus menyuam tsis xis nyob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob helminth qee zaum muaj xws li terminal hematuria (cov ntshav ntws tom qab tso zis), tso zis ntau zaus, thiab mob. Tej zaum yuav muaj plab, colic, cov quav ntshav. Cysticercosis, alveococcosis thiab echinococcosis feem ntau tsis ua rau lawv tus kheej ntev heev, tab sis tom qab qee lub sij hawm ib tug neeg muaj suppuration los yog rupture ntawm cov hlwv nyob rau hauv uas parasites nyob, uas ua rau peritonitis, anaphylactic shock thiab lwm yam loj txim.
Helminths hauv cov menyuam yaus (cov tsos mob hauv ib feem peb ntawm cov menyuam mos zoo sib xws) feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xwm txheej piav qhia. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab. Kab mob maj mam ua rau tus menyuam lub cev. Cov lus qhia rau cov niam txiv: Coj koj tus kheej mus kuaj txhua xyoo los pab tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias koj kis tau ntxov.
Diagnosis
Kev kuaj quav quav yog ib qho nyuaj, vim qhov tseeb tias cov qe qe qe qe tsis tshwm nyob rau txhua hnub. Rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, kev tshuaj xyuas rau helminths yuav tsum tau noj tsis pub dhau peb hnub ua ke. Kev suav ntshav tag kuj tseem pab tshawb xyuas cov kab mob cab.
Peb lub cev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hnyav rau helminthiases. Qhov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no: nce ncaj qha bilirubin, tus naj npawb ntawm eosinophils, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT, thymol test. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj mob yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem serological (ELISA, RNHA, RIF).
Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical rau helminths yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Kuj kuaj cov zis, hnoos qeev, kua tsib, perianal thiab qhov quav, thiab quav. Enterobiasis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshawb pom cov larvae nyob rau hauv cov khoom, uas yog muab los ntawm lub perianal folds siv nplaum nplaum, ib tug swab los yog ib tug spatula.
Cov kab mob uas nyob hauv duodenum, biliary tract, pancreas thiab siab tuaj yeem lees paub hauv cov kua tsib thiab duodenal. Txhawm rau kom paub meej lawv qhov chaw nyob, siv lwm txoj hauv kev: suav tomography, endoscopy nrog endobiopsy, ultrasound.
Yog tias koj pom qhov tshwm sim zoo sib xws hauv cov menyuam yaus (cov tsos mob ntawm kev khaus ntawm perineum, kev qaug cawv ntev), tsis txhob nkim sijhawm thiab mus rau qhov chaw kho mob tam sim ntawd. Qee lub sij hawm ib daim duab kho mob zoo sib xws manifests nws tus kheej hauv lwm yam mob pathological. Tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav kev kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj zookev kho mob.
txoj kev kho
Cov tshuaj niaj hnub muaj ntau cov tshuaj hluavtaws uas pab tiv thaiv tus kab mob no. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo txhais tau sai sai ua kom cov helminths hauv tib neeg. Cov tsos mob yuav ploj mus tom qab kev kho tag nrho. Nyob ntawm ntau yam kab mob parasites, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg. Cov tshuaj nqaim-spectrum tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg tshuaj: tshuaj tiv thaiv cetodoses, tshuaj tiv thaiv trematodes thiab anti-nematodes.
tshuaj tiv thaiv nematode
Cov tshuaj hauv qab no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob sib kis: Levamisole, Mebendazole, Karbendacim, Pirantel. Cov ntsiav tshuaj los ntawm helminths ua rau tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov cab thiab ua rau lawv tshem tawm sai.
tshuaj tua kab mob
Cov no suav nrog Praziquantel thiab Niclosamide. Cov tshuaj no ua rau cov kab mob tuag taus.
tshuaj tiv thaiv trematodose
Tshuaj "Perchloertylen" thiab "Chloxin" raug tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj no muaj tshuaj lom rau cov metabolism hauv cov cab thiab nqus tau zoo thaum noj.
Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug kuaj pom qhov no, cov tsev neeg yuav tsum tau kho kom tsis txhob kis rov qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ib qho kev tu dav dav nrog cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine thiab ua tib zoo hlau cov ntaub so ntswg kom tag nrho cov helminths raug tua. Cov tsos mob ntawm helminthic ntxeem tau tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, yog li ceev faj thiab ceev faj.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
BasicKev tiv thaiv kab mob nrog rau txhua hom kab mob yog tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev ua neej nyob rau thaum yau (kev tu cev txhua hnub, ntxuav txhua yam zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo). Qhia koj tus menyuam tom qab txoj kev kom ntxuav lawv txhais tes tam sim nrog xab npum tshuaj tua kab mob, tsuas yog siv lawv cov phuam da dej, ntxhua khaub ncaws. Khaws koj tus menyuam kom deb ntawm cov tsiaj sab nraum zoov uas yuav kis tau kab laum.
Ua kom lub tsev ntub dej ntau zaus, tsis txhob cia tus menyuam ua si khau. Ntxuav tag nrho cov khoom ua si hauv dej soapy. Thaum taug kev, ua tib zoo saib kom tus menyuam tsis txhob muab ntau yam khoom rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj. Tsis txhob noj cov khoom qias neeg thiab nqaij nyoos. Tsuas yog haus dej ua ntej lim thiab rhaub dej xwb vim nws tuaj yeem nqa cov kab mob cab.
Ua raws li cov cai hauv theem pib yuav tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam kom tsis txhob kis tus kabmob. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm helminthiasis kuj yog ua los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ob zaug hauv ib xyoos - thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov tshuaj "Albendazole" lossis "Pirantel" yog siv. Cov tswv yim tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia, feem ntau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ob xyoos tau muab 10 ml ntawm kev ncua ib hnub rau peb hnub.
Khoom noj khoom haus thaum muaj mob
Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem zam kev kis kab mob, qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis txhob poob siab thiab ua raws li txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo. Cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab qab zib yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm cov khoom noj. Muab cov kua txiv tshiab, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau koj tus menyuam. Hlau txaj txhua hnub. Nrog kev kho kom raug, tus kab mob yuav rov zoo.
tshuaj ntsuab kuj tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm cov kab mob helminths hauv tib neeg (cov tsos mob tau piav qhia saum toj no). Piv txwv li, nws tau ntev tau paub tias worms tsis tuaj yeem sawv ntawm qej, wormwood, tansy, dos thiab taub dag. Los ntawm cov khoom xyaw uas muaj, koj tuaj yeem npaj cov tshuaj koj tus kheej thiab siv nrog cov tshuaj ib txwm siv kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Dos infusion pab tau zoo. Cov dos yog txiav mus rau hauv me me slices thiab ncuav nrog ib khob dej sov. Xws li ib tug decoction yog infused tag nrho hmo ntuj, thiab thaum sawv ntxov nws yog qaug dej qaug cawv ua ntej noj tshais. Noj ib txhais tes ntawm cov noob taub dag rau ntawm lub plab khoob thiab hu nkauj nrog cov tshuaj laxative yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau cov kab mob cab.
