Pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb

Cov txheej txheem:

Pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb
Pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb

Video: Pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb

Video: Pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb
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Anonim

Lub qhov muag yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab lub neej tag nrho. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub teeb stimuli, vim tias daim duab tshwm.

pupillary reflex
pupillary reflex

Lub tsev nta

Lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm lub zeem muag no nyob hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub pob txha taub hau, uas yog hu ua lub qhov muag qhov muag. Los ntawm ob sab ntawm lub qhov muag yog surrounded los ntawm cov leeg, nrog kev pab los ntawm nws yog tuav thiab tsiv. Lub qhov muag muaj ob peb ntu:

  1. Ncaj nraim lub qhov muag, uas muaj cov duab ntawm lub pob txog 24 mm loj. Nws muaj lub cev vitreous, lub lens thiab aqueous lom zem. Tag nrho cov no yog surrounded los ntawm peb lub plhaub: protein, vascular thiab mesh, teem nyob rau hauv rov qab kev txiav txim. Cov ntsiab lus uas tsim cov duab yog nyob ntawm retina. Cov ntsiab lus no yog cov receptors uas nkag siab rau lub teeb;
  2. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas muaj cov tawv muag sab sauv thiab sab qis, qhov muag qhov muag;
  3. Adnexal apparatus. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog lub caj pas lacrimal thiab nws cov ducts;
  4. Lub oculomotor apparatus, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag thiab muaj cov leeg;
  5. Optic paj hlwb.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev pom kev yog kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khoom, xws li ci, xim, duab, loj. Ua ke nrog kev ua ntawm lwm yam kev ntsuas (hnov, hnov tsw, thiab lwm yam), nws tso cai rau koj los kho txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev hauv qhov chaw, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab qhov deb ntawm qhov khoom. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kab mob qhov muag yuav tsum tau ua nrog enviable tsis tu ncua.

Presence of pupillary reflex

Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag, nrog qee qhov kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, lub npe hu ua menyuam yaus reflexes tshwm sim, uas cov menyuam kawm ntawv nqaim lossis nthuav dav. Lub pupillary reflex, lub reflex arc uas yog lub anatomical substrate ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb, qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub cev tag nrho. Yog vim li ntawd, hauv qee cov kab mob, tus kws kho mob ua ntej kuaj xyuas qhov muaj qhov cuam tshuam.

Pupillary reflex arc
Pupillary reflex arc

Yuav ua li cas?

Pupillary cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis lub npe hu ua pupillary reflex (lwm lub npe - iris reflex, irritant reflex) yog qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm qhov muag. Constriction feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm contraction ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm iris, thiab cov txheej txheem rov qab - so - ua rau lub expansion ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas

Qhov kev xav no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qee qhov kev xav, lub ntsiab ntawm uas tau suav tias yog kev hloov pauv ntawm qib ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj yeem ua tautshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:

  • kev ua ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Tias yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li raug siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas lub xeev ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau lossis qhov tob tob ntawm cov tshuaj loog;
  • hloov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm tus neeg saib;
  • kev tawm tsam, ob qho tib si tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo sib npaug.

Yog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam

Tsis muaj cov tub kawm ntawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb yuav qhia tau ntau yam tib neeg cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej thiab yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Pupillary reflex daim duab
Pupillary reflex daim duab

Pupillary reflex qauv

Cov leeg uas tswj cov haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws qhov loj me yog tias lawv tau txais qee qhov kev txhawb nqa los ntawm sab nraud. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tswj tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas nkag mus rau lub qhov muag ncaj qha. Yog hais tias lub qhov muag raug them los ntawm lub hnub tuaj, thiab qhib, ces cov menyuam kawm ntawv, uas yav tas los nthuav nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, tam sim ntawd txo qhov luaj li cas thaum lub teeb tshwm. Lub pupillary reflex, lub reflex arc uas pib ntawm retina, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.

Iris muaj ob hom leeg. Ib pawg yog ncig cov leeg nqaij. Lawv yog innervated los ntawm parasympathetic fibers ntawm lub paj hlwb. Yog tias cov leeg nqaij sib cog lus, qhov txheej txheem no ua rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv constriction. Lwm pab pawg yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilation. Nws suav nrog cov leeg nqaij radial uas yog innervated los ntawm cov hlab ntsha muaj siab.

pupillary reflex txoj kev
pupillary reflex txoj kev

Pupillary reflex, lub tswv yim uas yog qhov zoo heev, tshwm sim hauv qhov kev txiav txim hauv qab no. Lub teeb uas dhau los ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub qhov muag thiab refracted nyob rau hauv lawv hits lub retina ncaj qha. Cov photoreceptors uas nyob ntawm no, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog qhov pib ntawm reflex. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov no yog qhov uas txoj hauv kev ntawm cov menyuam yaus reflex pib. Lub innervation ntawm cov hlab ntsha parasympathetic cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm sphincter ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab lub arc ntawm cov menyuam yaus reflex muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog hu ua efferent xub pwg. Lub npe hu ua qhov chaw ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv reflex kuj nyob ntawm no, tom qab uas ntau cov hlab ntsha hloov lawv cov kev taw qhia: ib txhia ntawm lawv mus rau hauv ob txhais ceg ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab nkag mus rau lub orbit los ntawm lub sab sauv fissure, lwm tus neeg - mus rau lub sphincter ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog qhov uas txoj kev xaus. Ntawd yog, cov tub ntxhais kawm reflex kaw. Qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv tib neeg lub cev, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li muab qhov tseem ceeb.

Pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb

Thaum tshuaj xyuas qhov kev xav no, ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:

  • tub kawm ntawv constriction;
  • shape;
  • tsis sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
  • muab mobility.

Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas nrov tshaj plaws uas qhia tau hais tias cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub cev:

  • Amaurotic immobility ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov poob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha thaum pom qhov muag tsis pom kev thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus phooj ywg,yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev pom. Feem ntau ua rau yog ntau yam kab mob ntawm retina nws tus kheej thiab txoj kev pom kev. Yog hais tias qhov immobility yog unilateral, yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm amaurosis (retinal puas) thiab ua ke nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilation, txawm tias me ntsis, ces muaj peev xwm tsim anisocoria (cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua ntau qhov sib txawv). Nrog rau qhov kev ua txhaum cai no, lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tsis cuam tshuam rau txhua txoj hauv kev. Yog tias amaurosis tshwm sim ntawm ob sab (uas yog, ob lub qhov muag raug cuam tshuam rau tib lub sijhawm), ces cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis hnov mob li cas thiab txawm tias thaum raug tshav ntuj nyob rau hauv lub dilated, uas yog, lub pupillary reflex yog kiag li tsis tuaj.
  • Lwm hom amaurotic pupillary immobility yog hemianopic pupillary immobility. Tej zaum muaj qhov txhab ntawm qhov muag pom nws tus kheej, uas yog nrog los ntawm hemianopia, uas yog, qhov muag tsis pom ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov muag pom, uas yog qhia los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov pom ntawm ob lub qhov muag.
pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb
pupillary reflex thiab cov cim qhia ntawm nws swb

Reflex immobility lossis Robertson's syndrome. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntawm ob qho tib si ncaj qha thiab tus phooj ywg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li hom kab mob yav dhau los, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev sib koom ua ke (kev nqaim ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog tias lub ntsej muag tsom mus rau qee qhov taw qhia) thiab kev pab (kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej sab nraud uas tus neeg nyob) tsis raug. Cov tsos mob no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv parasympathetic innervation ntawm lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau parasympathetic nucleus, nws cov fibers. Qhov no syndrome tuaj yeemqhia tias muaj cov mob syphilis loj heev ntawm lub paj hlwb, feem ntau cov tsos mob qhia encephalitis, mob hlwb (xws li hauv ob txhais ceg), nrog rau kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb

Pupillary Reflex Center
Pupillary Reflex Center
  • Tsis muaj, lossis ua tiav kev tsis tuaj yeem ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm (uas yog, nws tsis nqaim, thiab tsis nthuav dav). Thaum tus menyuam raug rau lub teeb ntawm lub teeb, qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha thiab tus phooj ywg rau qhov kev txhawb zog yog kuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tsis tshwm sim sai, tab sis maj mam. Raws li txoj cai, nws pib nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv nqaij - mydriasis (cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilation), tsis muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
  • pupillary reflex kaw
    pupillary reflex kaw

Qhov ua rau tuaj yeem yog cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub hauv paus, hauv paus lossis lub cev ntawm cov hlab ntsha lub luag haujlwm rau lub qhov muag txav, ua kom pom tseeb hauv lub cev ciliary, qog, abscesses ntawm posterior ciliary qab haus huv.

Pom zoo: