Zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsis pom ib tus neeg uas yuav tsis npau suav tias muaj daus dawb luag ntxhi thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Yuav ua li cas kom tau raws li qhov xav tau? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau mus xyuas lub chaw kho hniav tsis tu ncua kom kuaj xyuas cov kab mob raws sijhawm. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov npe loj ntawm pathologies yog caries. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntau, ntau dua 98% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv European lub teb chaws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws.
Caries tau paub rau noob neej ntau tshaj ib txhiab xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, pathology tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1884 hauv txoj kev xav tsim los ntawm Miller. Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb no, cov hniav pib lwj thaum ntxov thaum cev xeeb tub, sai li sai tau qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug.
Thaum saib ib sab, zoo nkaus li tias caries yog kab mob tsis muaj mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws rau cov kws kho hniav. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlab ntsha, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob.poob ntawm cov hniav nws tus kheej, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ntawm ntau lub cev thiab musculoskeletal system.
Caries kev loj hlob
Txhua yam pib me me. Thaum thawj theem ntawm caries, pigmentation thiab demineralization ntawm enamel tshwm sim. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias pathology txhim kho li cas, xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov hniav nws tus kheej.
Qhov sab saum toj thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm nws yog hu ua enamel. Nrog kev tu lub qhov ncauj tsis zoo lossis nrog nws qhov tsis ua tiav, cov txheej txheem sai ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms tshwm sim hauv nws. Tag nrho cov no ua rau tsim cov kab mob phem plaque rau ntawm cov hniav.
Cov qauv ntawm cov enamel muaj ntau lub tebchaw uas tuav ua ke los ntawm cov protein matrix. Thaum cov quav hniav nyob ntawm cov hniav, cov kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv nws pib tsim cov organic acids. Cov plaque mos mos uas nyob rau ntawm cov enamel rau lub sij hawm ntev pib mineralize thiab hardens lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog li cas tartar yog tsim. Thiab tam sim no, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsim, acids pib ua ywj siab. Lawv dissolve enamel hlwb, pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem demineralization. Qhov no yog thawj qhov ua rau caries.
Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias ib txhij nrog demineralization, uas yog, nrog kev puas tsuaj, txheej txheem ntawm enamel restoration, uas yog, nws remineralization, pib mus rau hauv peb lub cev. Hauv thaj chaw uas cov kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav, cov zaub mov hauv cov qaub ncaug pib ntws ntau heev. Yog tias ob txoj haujlwm no sib npaug,lub enamel yuav nyob twj ywm. Txwv tsis pub, nrog lub zog ntawm cov kab mob, thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob yuav tshwm sim.
Ua rau cov txheej txheem pathological
Hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb twb tau tswj los piav qhia txog yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kab mob caries. Ntawm lawv:
- khoom noj phem;
- me me ntawm fluoride hauv dej haus;
- qaug zog ntawm lub cev thaum lub sijhawm tso cov dentin thiab enamel tshwm sim;
- negative cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig yam;
Tseem muaj qee yam hauv zos uas ua rau muaj qhov pib ntawm thawj theem ntawm caries. Ntawm lawv:
- tartar lossis mos cov quav hniav ntawm cov hniav;
- qhov ncauj zaub mov seem;
- kev ua txhaum hauv biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm dentin, enamel thiab cement;
- tsis ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm bookmarking thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv, nrog rau kev kho hniav;
- tsis ua tiav cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb txhua tus paub tias caries tsis tshwm sim hauv txhua tus neeg. Yog li, qee tus neeg niaj hnub saib xyuas lawv lub qhov ncauj, txawm li cas los xij, lawv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau qhov txhab ntawm cov hniav, thaum lwm tus ua tag nrho cov txheej txheem ib zaug, tab sis tsis paub txawm tias hom kab mob dab tsi.
Muaj lus piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim no. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub degree uas ib tug neeg tus kheej caries tsis kam, uas yog, nws tsis kam mus rau pathology, muaj. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm enamel kev puas tsuaj pib tsuas yog thaum ua haujlwm puas tsuajCov kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm caries kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm ntau qib. Cov txheej txheem no ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Ntawm qib molecular. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub cev muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov organic acids yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm enamel mineralization thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus.
- Nyob ntawm cov ntaub qib. Cov txheej txheem enamel qee zaum ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv kev txhim kho thawj theem ntawm caries. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm nws qhov chaw, ces nws yooj yim dua rau cov kab mob uas rhuav tshem nws kom nyob twj ywm rau ntawm nws.
- Ntawm cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov yam tseem ceeb yog qhov tob thiab cov duab ntawm lub fissures, raws li zoo raws li cov qauv ntawm cov tiv thaiv organic zaj duab xis - pellicles.
- Ntawm theem ntawm kev kho hniav dav dav. Hauv qhov no, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav nyob ntawm seb lub cev pob txha thiab lub puab tsaig muaj, nrog rau qhov raug tom.
Raws li tau hais los saum no, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm thawj theem ntawm cov hniav caries, lub cev sib ntaus sib tua siv cov qog qaub ncaug. Cov zais cia zais cia los ntawm lawv tso cai rau koj los ntxuav cov enamel los ntawm cov quav hniav, uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib sau ua ke. Nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm salivation thiab nce nyob rau hauv nws viscosity, caries tsim sai dua.
Cov kab mob hniav pib feem ntau pom hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Qhov tseeb yog tias rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab yuav tsum tau calcium ntau. Nws muab nws cov pob txha thiab cov hniav ntawm niam, uas ua rau lawv qaug zog.
Kev loj hlob ntawm caries hauvme nyuam
Qhov kev ua ntawm etiological yam yog pom los ntawm kws kho hniav tsis yog rau cov neeg laus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg mob hluas. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, caries pom ntau dua. Qhov tseeb no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tom qab cov hniav tau tawg, cov enamel yuav siv sijhawm li ob xyoos ntxiv rau qhov kawg maturation. Thaum lub sijhawm no, caries feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Cov niam txiv uas saib xyuas yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov no.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2 txog 4 xyoos, qhov hu ua lub raj mis caries feem ntau pom - thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob, qhov ua rau yog tus cwj pwm ntawm haus mis nyuj ua ntej pw lossis hmo ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, ntau yam zaub mov tseem nyob hauv tus menyuam lub qhov ncauj mus txog thaum sawv ntxov. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm thawj theem ntawm caries ntawm cov mis nyuj cov hniav (saib daim duab hauv qab no).
phau ntawv kho mob tsis muaj lo lus "lub raj mis caries". Lub npe no tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, vim hais tias los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lub hauv paus ua rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntxiv, lub pathology yog ib tug raug caries. Ntawm lawv:
- Kev tiv thaiv tus menyuam tsis muaj zog, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv tseem tsis tshua muaj cov kab mob ntawm nws cov qaub ncaug.
- Kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev npaj tus menyuam noj. Thaum tus me nyuam noj cov khoom qab zib thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, hmoov nplej thiab khoom qab zib, lawv cov khoom seem yuav nyob hauv nws cov hniav, thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tsis muaj cov khoom noj ntxhib hauv kev noj zaub mov tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov enamel,Piv txwv li, txiv apples thiab carrots, zom uas tshem tawm cov quav hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj theem ntawm caries nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus tau pom tias tsis muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj fluorine thiab calcium, xws li mis nyuj thiab ntses.
- Regional factor. Thawj theem ntawm caries ntawm cov mis nyuj tej zaum kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis txaus fluoride nyob rau hauv cov dej haus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov enamel tsis muaj zog, thiab nws pib puas los ntawm aggressive acids.
Cov kws kho hniav pom zoo kom cov niam txiv ua raws li cov cai ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev tu cev ntawm qhov ncauj rau lawv tus menyuam. Cov mis nyuj haus ua ntej pw yuav tsis muaj teeb meem rau tus menyuam cov hniav yog tias lawv ntxuav tom qab pub mis. Thiab qhov no yog qhov kws kho hniav qhia rau niam txiv.
Thaum pib ntawm caries ntawm cov mis nyuj cov hniav qee zaum kuj tshwm sim vim muaj kev xeeb tub. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, niam thiab txiv yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias ib tug noj qab nyob zoo noj qab haus huv cov zaub mov thiab kev tu cev ntawm lub qhov ncauj muaj peev xwm txo tau cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev loj hlob pathology, txawm nrog ib tug uas twb muaj lawm predisposition.
theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thawj kab mob
Ib tug neeg cov hniav tsis lwj tam sim ntawd. Pathology tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm qee lub sijhawm lossis theem. Thaum koj txav los ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv mus rau lwm qhov, muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev kho mob, lub thiaj li hu ua point of tsis muaj rov tshwm sim. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov voids dav hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav. Thiab qhov no yuav xav tau kev kho mob hnyav.
Dab tsi yog theem ntawm thawj theem ntawm carieshniav (duab hauv qab)?
Nrog lawv:
- Theem, uas yog hu ua "chalky spot". Nyob rau theem no, pathology yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm thaj chaw dawb. Qhov stain no yog sib dua thaum piv rau lwm cov enamel.
- theem ntawm qhov hu ua qhov tsaus ntuj. Hom kab mob no hnyav dua. Cov txheej txheem pathological yog li nkag mus tob rau hauv cov enamel. Cov xim zaub mov yooj yim lingers hauv cheeb tsam no. Nws yog vim li no uas stains ntawm cov hniav tig xim av los yog xim av.
Cia peb mus saib cov theem ntawm cov kab mob thawj zaug, thiab pib ntawm thawj theem.
Kev faib tawm
"Dawb-spotted" caries muab faib ua:
- Ntog. Qhov no yog thaj chaw ruaj khov nrog txo cov mineralization thiab txo cov ntsiab lus fluorine.
- Ntog. Hom kab mob no yog qhov chaw ntxeem tau nrog cov ntsiab lus calcium uas txo qis thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov enamel zoo heev.
- Central. Hom kab mob thawj zaug no yog qhov muaj zog ntawm cov enamel hloov nrog kev txhim kho ntawm nws qhov porosity thiab nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus calcium.
- Intermediate. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, microspaces yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub enamel.
- Internal. Hom kev tshwm sim thawj zaug ntawm caries yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm thaj chaw vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm cov enamel nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus feem pua ntawm microspaces.
Yog tias nyob rau theem pib ntawm caries (duab hauv qab no) koj tsis tig mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob tsim nyog, cesdemineralized thiab ntxeem tau cov ntaub so ntswg, nyob rau hauv lub siv lead ua lattice uas ua tsis tau tejyam twb tshwm sim, yuav mus txuas ntxiv mus.
Pigments yuav pib nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm pathology, hloov cov kab mob thawj zaug los ntawm theem ntawm qhov chaw dawb mus rau theem tom ntej, thaum cov cheeb tsam ntawm pathology ua xim av lossis dub. Tom qab ntawd, thaum muaj kab noj hniav hauv qhov chaw no, tus kws kho hniav yuav tau siv cov kev kho mob hnyav, xws li kev npaj thiab kho cov hniav.
Symptoms
Cov cim qhia ntawm thawj theem ntawm cov hniav caries (duab tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no)?
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm pathology, raws li txoj cai, cuam tshuam nrog kev mob thiab kev zoo nkauj tshwm sim. Lawv nyob rau theem no yog dab tsi?
Lub sijhawm no, tus neeg ntawd tsis muaj kev tsis xis nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev soj ntsuam ze ntawm cov hniav enamel, muaj qhov poob ntawm nws cov luster thiab qee qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam. Tias yog vim li cas nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, uas yog hu ua "dawb chaw", tsuas yog 10-20% ntawm cov neeg mob tuaj rau kev sab laj nrog kws kho hniav. Qhov ntev ntawm cov cheeb tsam, raws li txoj cai, yog 3-5 millimeters.
Nws puas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tus kab mob koj tus kheej? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum paub tias thawj theem ntawm caries zoo li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau txhuam koj cov hniav thiab ziab lawv nrog paj rwb swab, thiab ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov enamel hauv lub teeb zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog thawj theem ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam caries nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab ntawm cov hniav. Kuj pom muajthaj chaw ntawm demineralization, yam ntxwv los ntawm lawv cov haze.
Lwm qhov cim ntawm thawj theem ntawm pathology yuav yog qhov pom ntawm cov hniav nce ntxiv mus rau thermal lossis saj stimuli.
Kev kuaj tus kheej
Qee lub sij hawm cov neeg mob tsis meej pem qhov pib ntawm caries (duab hauv qab no) nrog rau kev kho hniav xws li:
- pom daim ntawv ntawm fluorosis;
- enamel hypoplasia.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog cov kab mob caries, cov pob ntawm cov hniav yog chalky lossis pigmented, nrog tus du lossis matte nto uas tsis muaj ciam teb meej.
Thaum nrog cov fluorosis, cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam, txawm tias lawv cov xim dawb, muaj xim ntau dua nyob rau hauv lawv qhov nruab nrab, uas yooj yim dhau mus rau qhov chaw mus rau hauv ib lub suab nrov rau enamel. Cov cheeb tsam zoo li no tsis muaj qhov ci thiab qee zaum txawv ntawm cov xim daj xim. Cov pob dawb nrog hypoplasia muaj ciam teb meej, tsis txhob poob lawv cov luster thiab tsis txhob poob qhov smoothness ntawm qhov chaw.
Kev siv lub ntsej muag tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem siv los tsim kev kuaj mob kom raug hauv tsev. Cov kws kho hniav pom zoo kom txhuam koj cov hniav kom huv si ua ntej siv nws, thiab tom qab ntawd pib kho cov enamel nrog 2% aqueous tov ntawm cov khoom teev tseg. Yog hais tias, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm manipulations, lub stain tig xiav, ces qhov no yog ib tug meej qhia ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm caries. Hauv chaw kho hniav, stomatoscopy yog siv los kuaj xyuas kab mob. Tus kws kho mob qhia cov kab mob ultraviolet rau cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub teeb, noj qab nyob zoo enamelzoo li lub teeb ntsuab thiab cov chaw cuam tshuam muaj lub suab tsaus.
Kev kho mob thawj theem ntawm cov kab mob pib
Yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov pob dawb uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv ntawm cov enamel? Kev kho mob ntawm thawj theem ntawm caries tsis tas yuav tsum tau drilling ntawm cov hniav, uas yog li paub ntau. Qhov tseeb yog tias caries, uas yog nyob rau theem ntawm qhov chaw dawb, tswj kev puas tsuaj tsuas yog txheej txheej ntawm cov enamel, thiab feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem thim rov qab.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj remineralization ntawm cov hniav, qhia lawv cov saturation nrog calcium. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los kho cov enamel. Qhov no yog kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau cov hniav uas muaj pob dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tshuaj yog siv rau qhov mob:
- txhuam;
- ntxiv rau kappa;
- siv cov ntawv thov.
Ib txhij nrog cov kev kho mob zoo li no, cov kws kho hniav qhia lawv cov neeg mob kom noj cov pob zeb hauv av uas muaj calcium gluconate, calcium phosphate, thiab fluorine compounds.
Yuav tsum tau kho thiab pib theem ntawm caries hauv cov menyuam yaus (daim duab hauv qab no).
Txwv tsis pub, qhov kev tsis ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam tsis xws luag hauv cov hniav, mus txog rau qhov tawg thiab tawg. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem zoo li no nrog kev tsis xis nyob thaum noj mov lossis txawm tias mob tshwm sim. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav ntau, tom, zom, zom zaub mov raug cuam tshuam, thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam tsis zoo.
qhia kom tshem tawm cov pob dawb
Yuav ua li cas kho thawj zaugcaries theem? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- Cov plaque mos thiab cov pob zeb tsim tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm tus kws kho hniav. Rau qhov no, abrasive pastes lossis hydrogen peroxide yog siv. Tom qab ntawd, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum polished.
- Cov hniav raug mob raug kho nrog kev npaj tshwj xeeb, cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yog calcium.
- Kws Kho Hniav siv daim ntawv thov siv 2-3% sodium fluoride.
Kev kho ntawm thawj theem ntawm caries muaj 10-14 txheej txheem. Tom qab lawv nqa tawm, cov enamel yog qhuav, kho nrog kua roj vanish nrog fluoride.
Hloov kho cov tshuaj remineralization, kws kho hniav siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov tshuaj kho kom zoo. Cov qauv detachable no yog kev cai tsim, ua rau lawv xis nyob thiab airtight.
Rau reminalization, kws kho hniav feem ntau xa lawv tus neeg mob rau electrophoresis nrog cov tshuaj xav tau los ntxiv dag zog rau cov enamel.
Lub sijhawm rov qab los tom qab kev kho mob tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus kuaj hniav ib ntus thiab saib xyuas lawv cov hniav kom zoo.
Feem ntau, cov kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam nyob rau theem pib pom muaj nyob rau ntawm cov menyuam mos. Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yuav tsim nyog los ua cov txheej txheem kho dua tshiab. Remineralization yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej tsim ntawm carious kab noj hniav. Kev tiv thaiv enamel yuav ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb yog cov niam txiv saib xyuas cov khoom noj kom raug ntawm lawv tus menyuam thiab kev nyiam huv ntawm nws cov hniav.
Tiv thaiv cov pob dawb
Ntau zaus, tib neeg cov hniav deteriorate rau yog vim li cas dhau lawv tswj. Qhov no yoggenetic prerequisites, polluted cua thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj cov hniav, paub txog thaj chaw ntawm demineralization ntawm lawv. Txwv tsis pub, mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tau txais kev kho mob hnyav heev.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug? Rau qhov no koj xav tau:
- txhuam koj cov hniav thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj;
- yaug koj lub qhov ncauj tom qab noj mov lossis nqa cov pos hniav nrog koj;
- muas cov khoom siv kho hniav uas muaj fluoride;
- siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav los yog irrigator kom tshem tawm cov khoom khib nyiab;
- ntsuas kev noj haus los ntawm kev txo cov khoom noj uas muaj suab thaj hauv nws;
- Hu rau tus kws kho hniav tsis yog thaum kuaj pom kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau kev tiv thaiv (tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis).
Yuav tua cov hniav yuav pab tau thiab tsis lees txais tus cwj pwm phem. Kev haus luam yeeb thiab cawv muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav.
Dark spot stage
Dab tsi yog qhov pib ntawm cov kab mob hniav zoo li tom qab nws thawj theem? Maj mam, cov txheej txheem pathological, yog tias nws tsis tau kho, hloov xim ntawm cov enamel. Raws li nws tsim los ntawm dawb, qhov chaw yuav beige, ces lub teeb xim av, ces tsaus xim av, thiab thaum kawg dub. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov chaw nce qhov loj me, thiab cov txheej txheem pathological npog cov enamel hauv nws cov txheej sib sib zog nqus.
Kev loj hlob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm caries tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav. Enamel nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti theemtxuas ntxiv mus tawg. Nws ua tsis ncaj, ntxeem tau thiab ntxhib. Hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw, qee zaum muaj qee qhov tsis xws luag. Lawv yog cov me me chips thiab dotted recesses. Tib lub sijhawm, ib tug neeg yws txog qhov mob hnyav heev thaum raug rau sab nraud stimuli.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov kab mob pathological nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, qhov tsis xis nyob tshwm sim txawm tias muaj qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, piv txwv li, thaum txhuam koj cov hniav lossis thaum koj nias rau ntawm koj tus ntiv tes. Qhov mob hauv qhov no yog mob luv luv. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw gingival. Ntawm no, cov quav hniav accumulates ze ntawm cov hniav, uas muaj xim daj lossis xim dawb. Qee zaum kev mob kuj tseem npog cov pos hniav papilla.
Kev kuaj mob caries ntawm theem no txawv ntawm qee qhov tseem ceeb nuances. Yog li, tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas qhov mob ntawm cov enamel los ntawm kev khaws cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hniav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum caries tau sau tseg nyob rau theem ntawm ib qho chaw dawb, xws li kev ua tsis tau ua. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj theem, cov enamel tseem khaws nws hardness, thiab lub ntsis ntawm lub sojntsuam yuav tsis qhia cov kev hloov, txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv qab nws nto. Tej yam txawv heev nrog kev sib sib zog nqus demineralization. Qhov no tuaj yeem nkag siab tau los ntawm kev pom qhov pib theem ntawm caries zoo li cas (daim duab yog kev pom zoo ntawm qhov no) nyob rau theem ntawm qhov chaw tsaus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev soj ntsuam qhia ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub hardness ntawm enamel thiab nws roughness. Tus neeg mob thaum tus txheej txheem zoo li no hnov mob me ntsis.
Yog cov chaw tsaus nyob hauvfissures, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub recesses ntawm lub ntuj nyem ntawm cov hniav, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tus kws kho mob los txiav txim seb cov tsos mob no yog thawj zaug caries los yog yog hais tias qhov no twb yog ib tug loj daim ntawv. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws xws li kev kuaj mob ua rau cov neeg mob hluas. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov enamel ntawm cov me nyuam cov hniav nyob rau hauv lub fissure cheeb tsam yog tseem tsis txaus mineralized. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, mob thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos txawm nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas tsis koom nyob rau hauv lub carious txheej txheem. Tias yog vim li cas ntau tus kws kho hniav menyuam yaus tsis siv cov kev sojntsuam ntse ntawm txhua qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob caries, txij li qhov no enamel puas tsuaj thiab tsim cov foci ntawm nws qhov roughness yog ua tau. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog cov kab mob pathology, qhov no, lawv siv cov dyes uas ruaj khov rau hauv qhov hws, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas thaj chaw demineralized.
Tej zaum qhov no yuav ua rau ib tus neeg xav tsis thoob, tab sis kab txaij thiab cov dots dub ntawm cov enamel hauv thaj chaw tawg tsis muaj pov thawj tias cov hniav tau rotted tag thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los. Yog lawm, nws twb muaj teeb meem, tab sis qhov tsaus nti tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm thawj theem ntawm caries. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus txheej txheem yog reversible kiag li.
Raws li cov pob dawb, cov txheej txheem kho hniav tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kws kho hniav. Kev siv lub laum nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum reminalization tsis ua rau qhov xav tau. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kws kho hniav muab kev kho mob rau tus neeg mob. Lub teeb xim av me ntsis raug tshem tawm siv lub pob zeb diamond burr. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nplaum filling yog siv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas stain tau txais ib tug tsaus xim av xim, sai sai ua cov ntaub so ntswg nyuaj yuav tsum tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, filling yog ua nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nrog nruab nrab caries, uas yog, nrog rau ib tug loj heev daim ntawv ntawm pathology.
Hnub no, helium-neon lasers tau zoo siv los ntawm kws kho hniav. Nws tshem tawm thawj hom kab mob caries. Lub teeb ntawm no laser activates lub enzyme system nyob rau hauv cov hniav pulp. Nws kuj tseem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau ntxias los ntawm tus kws kho mob, cuam tshuam rau permeability ntawm cov enamel thiab txo cov solubility ntawm nws txheej txheej. Tom qab kev kho mob zoo li no, qhov ntom ntawm cov enamel nws tus kheej nce ntxiv, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho nws cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kuj nce ntxiv.
Cov cim qhia txog kev kho mob zoo
Caries ntawm thawj theem tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog kev kho tsis tiav lossis ua tsis tau zoo, tus kab mob yuav txav mus rau theem tom ntej. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav hnyav dua thiab tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kev tsis zoo.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej twg nws tau txiav txim siab tias kev tshem tawm cov kab mob thawj zaug coj mus rau qhov xav tau? Kev kho mob ua tiav tau hais tias yog thaum:
- xim ntawm cov hniav enamel dhau los ua ib yam, thiab cov xim carious ploj;
- thaum rov kuaj xyuas, tsis pom cov kab mob enamel demineralization;
- tus neeg mob tsis yws txog qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim thaum muaj qhov kub thiab txias stimuli.
