Txhua tus neeg xav kom muaj lub zeem muag zoo thiab pom tseeb, uas yuav pab kom pom cov khoom tag nrho, tsis cuam tshuam rau lawv thaj tsam thiab nta. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem khav txog qhov no. Qee tus yug los nrog qhov muag tsis pom kev, thaum lwm tus poob nws thaum lawv loj hlob tuaj. Myopia ntawm ob lub qhov muag, txawm li cas los xij nws yuav yog, txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Nws txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem nres ib ntus, lossis, hloov pauv, txhim kho sai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob mob myopia hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov mob hnyav, koj yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, yog tias cov menyuam yaus myopia feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm 3 txog 16%, tom qab ntawd cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab nws tshaj 16%. Los ntawm chav kawm tiav, yuav luag 1/5 ntawm tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm raug kev txom nyem los ntawm myopia. Tus kab mob no kuj tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob myopia:
- muaj zog thauj khoom ntawm lub cev pom;
- noj tsis raug;
- phemkev ua txhua hnub;
- mob khaub thuas, kis kab mob;
- kab mob hniav;
- tsis zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv chaw ua haujlwm.
Txhua yam uas tau piav qhia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov pom kev pom tsis tau tsuas yog hauv cov menyuam yaus, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg laus. Myopia yog ib yam kab mob uas feem ntau pib kis thaum yau. Qhov ua rau mob myopia nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus yog:
- huab cua hauv qhov chaw nyob;
- khoom noj phem;
- ib puag ncig phem;
- muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam rau lub cev pom;
- hereditary factor.
Ua rau myopia hauv menyuam yaus
Nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam, myopia tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm noob neej, congenital, los yog kis tau. Congenital nce nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej. Feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ntxov ntxov uas tsis muaj zog los yog hnyav sclera.
Kev mob myopia tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 9 txog 12 xyoos. Ntau yam ua rau nws zoo li:
- tus menyuam loj hlob sai heev, suav nrog lub qhov muag, tseem hu ua lub cev myopia;
- nce load ntawm lub cev pom, piv txwv li, nyeem phau ntawv ntev;
- tsis tswj saib TV lossis lwm yam khoom siv;
- noj tsis zoo - tsis muaj micronutrients thiab cov as-ham.
Hauv kev kho mob myopia hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau yog kho qhov muag, lub cevthiab kev ua tshuaj. Tab sis txoj kev kho mob nyuaj nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav raug txiav txim ib leeg.
Kab mob yug li cas
Thaum raug rau qhov pom ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov tsis zoo, qhov axis ntawm lub qhov muag tau ntev. Kev kuaj mob ntawm myopia ntawm lub qhov muag tuaj yeem kuaj tau siv echo-ophthalmography. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm lub xeev, xws li ib tug axis yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 22 mus rau 23 millimeters, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, tus nqi no yuav loj dua, mus txog rau lub cim ntawm 30 millimeters. Txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog li cas myopia nce? Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau nres thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 thiab 20.
Kev nce qib myopia hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau txhim kho nrog kev nruj ntawm cov leeg pom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv pib maj mam poob qis, uas ua rau poob ntawm cov duab meej.
txhawm rau kuaj pom tus mob myopia kom raug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas nws daim ntawv: cuav lossis tseeb. Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom:
- False myopia. Pib nce qib hauv qhov tsis muaj chaw nyob. Kev pom kev pom zoo hauv qhov no tuaj yeem rov qab los yog tias koj pib noj Homatropin, Scopolamine lossis Atropine.
- Tseeb myopia. Daim ntawv no ntawm myopia tsis ploj mus txawm tias tom qab qhov muag pom tau raug tshem tawm. Daim ntawv kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem kis tau los yog yug los.
Tau txais daim ntawv ntawm myopia nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus zuj zus nrog lub zog thiab ntev lub ntsej muag load, raug mob rau lub qhov muag thiab lub taub hau, los yog kab mob ntawm lub cev. Congenital myopia tshwm sim hauv tib neeg vim yognoob neej.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm myopia
Nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm myopia, tus neeg mob qhov muag yuav pom tau me ntsis lossis qhov muag plooj tag. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob myopia muaj xws li:
- teeb pom kev deb;
- blurring the contours of objects;
- nrog kev loj hlob ntawm myopia, tus neeg mob tseem pom cov khoom zoo nyob ze.
Cov tsos mob tau piav qhia tshwm sim vim qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev pom - qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub zog kho qhov muag. Tus neeg uas muaj qhov siab ntawm myopia tuaj yeem pom cov khoom zoo txawm tias nyob ze nws lub qhov ntswg, tab sis raws li kev ncua deb, txhua yam pib hloov pauv ntau.
Myopia feem ntau ua ke nrog astigmatism ntawm ntau hom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus neeg mob yuav muaj ghosting, distortion ntawm cov khoom thiab cov tsos ntawm ib tug yam ntxwv qhov muag plooj.
Myopia tuaj yeem muaj tseeb, thaum nws nce qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag lawv tus kheej, nrog rau qhov tsis tseeb (qhov spasm ntawm kev pab). Spasm tsis tas yuav tsum tau hnav tsom iav lossis qhov muag lo ntsiab muag, nws tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm kev noj tshuaj thiab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb kho mob.
Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm myopia, uas tuaj yeem pom txawm tias nrog kev kuaj sab nraud ntawm tus neeg mob, yog qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag. Yog tias tus neeg mob niaj hnub hnav cov tsom iav tsis tu ncua, ces lawv cov tuab yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov degree ntawm myopia (qhov siab dua, qhov tuab). Cov tsom iav tuab kom pom qhov ze pab ua kom qhov muag pom qhov muag me me.
Yuav ua li cas rau qhov muag
Thaum kuaj qhov muagTus kws kho mob pom cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no hauv qhov muag pom, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob myopia:
- retinal detachment;
- qhia tawm qhov muag;
- lub teeb pom kev tshwm sim ze ntawm lub disk, uas tsis raug rau lub xeev ib txwm muaj;
- qhov chaw ntawm retina pib hloov ntau;
- myopic cones tuaj yeem kuaj pom;
- kev hloov pauv ntawm haiv neeg tshwm sim hauv cov kab nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm myopia, lub plhaub protein pib ncab, thiab cov pigment epithelium atrophies. Txij li thaum daim nyias nyias thiab epithelium nyob ze rau ntawm lub disk, cov txheej txheem zoo li no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm myopic cone. Nrog rau qib siab ntawm myopia, qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm phab ntsa tom qab ntawm sclera, degeneration thiab tsis zoo hloov pauv hauv retina tshwm sim.
Thaum muaj zog ncab, qhov axis ntawm lub qhov muag pib tsim cov kab nrib pleb hauv choroid. Xws li cov kab nrib pleb zoo li ntau yam daj lossis dawb sticks. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov kab mob pib sib koom ua ke, tsim ib cheeb tsam loj nrog cov xim hauv.
Thaum cov pob zeb tsim ntawm retina, ib tus neeg pom cov duab nyob ib puag ncig hauv daim ntawv tsis zoo, nws lub zeem muag tsis zoo heev, nws qhov tob tob zuj zus. Yog tias koj tsis mus ntsib kws kho mob raws sijhawm, tus mob tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.
Carpal cov ntaub so ntswg degeneration yog cov txheej txheem pathological uas txuas mus rau sab nrauv ntawm cov nyiaj. Tom qab ob peb hnub ntawm retina nrog kev pab los ntawm kev kuaj mobKev ntsuas, qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem kuaj pom: puag ncig, hlais-zoo li lossis oval.
Progressive myopia kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab. Feem ntau, lub ntsiab ua rau tus mob no yog heredity. Thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab thaum ntxov, nws cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam teratogenic yam uas ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis pom kev.
Tom qab cov txheej txheem kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob yam tsis tau ua tsis tiav tau sau cov kev kho mob nyuaj rau tus neeg mob. Tab sis txhua txoj kev kho mob uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem tso tseg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob ib ntus thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem.
kev kho tsis yog tshuaj
Progressive myopia, yuav ua li cas? Thaum kho cov kab mob qhov muag tsis yog tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- mus sab nraum zoov ntau zaus, ua luam dej, taug kev, ncig, khiav;
- ua kom cov zaub mov zoo, uas yuav muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau cov vitamins, kab kawm thiab cov protein;
- ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb rau qhov muag;
- txoov qhov muag, tsis txhob overstraining lawv;
- qis siv laser ciliary leeg kho: qhov kev kho no yuav pab txhim kho kev pom los ntawm kev ua kom nws lub siab, nrog rau txhawb cov ntshav ntws;
- Ua cov txheej txheem kho lub cev (txoj kev tsis mob): siv hluav taws xob stimulation los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txoj kev no yuav pab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav ncig hauv retina ntawm lub qhov muag,txo qhov muag siab, txhim kho receptor rhiab heev, nrog rau cov kua dej intraocular ncig;
- kho mob - video-kho lub computer kho lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag: txoj kev no yuav pab kho lub xeev ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov kev tswj hwm ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev qhov muag.
Txawm hais tias qhov ua rau mob myopia, nws txoj kev kho mob yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho qhov muag.
Kev kho mob
Txoj kev kho no yuav tsis pab kho tus neeg mob lub zeem muag kom 100 feem pua. Tab sis nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem noj cov qauv sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag thiab normalize nws tus mob.
Txhua yam tshuaj tau muab faib ua lawv tus kheej raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig:
- Tshuaj uas pab kho qhov muag ntawm ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb, txawm tias nws nyob deb npaum li cas los ntawm tus neeg. Cov kev kho mob zoo li no pab ua kom cov leeg tsis muaj zog ciliary.
- Tshuaj uas pab txhawb lub sclera.
- Tshuaj uas txo cov qib siab hauv lub qhov muag
- txhais tau tias normalize metabolic dab nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab retina ntawm lub qhov muag.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua yam tshuaj, tsis hais lub zog ntawm lawv qhov cuam tshuam, raug tso cai siv tsuas yog tom qab kev sab laj nrog kws kho qhov muag. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav pab coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm myopia, txiav txim siab nws daim ntawv thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob, nrog rau kos cov kev kho mob zoo thiab zoo.
Non-surgical vision restoration
Thawj theem ntawm kev kho mob myopia nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yuav muaj cov txheej txheem kuaj mob. Hauv qhov no, tus kws kho mob yuav txheeb xyuas qhov nrawm ntawm tus kab mob no, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab seb puas yuav sau cov lo ntsiab muag lossis tsom iav. Yog hais tias myopia loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam, ces tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj rau tsom iav.
kho qhov muag kho qhov muag yog kev kho mob tshaj plaws rau myopia. Nws yog siv rau myopia ntawm qhov siab lossis qis ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov iav tsuas yog tias tsim nyog, txij li lawv ib txhij ua rau lub qhov muag cov leeg tsis muaj zog thaum txhim kho qhov muag pom kev, uas tsis zoo rau qhov pom ntawm lub cev. Kev hnav tsom iav tsis tu ncua yog pom zoo rau myopia ntawm 3 mus rau 6 diopters. Yog tias qhov pom kev pib ntau dua 6 diopters, ces cov kws kho mob tau hais kom kho qhov ua siab ntev, tab sis qhov no nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov muag tsis pom thiab rov ua kom nws lub ntsej muag.
Yog tias peb tham txog kev xaiv cov tsom iav, ces lawv yuav tsum tsim nyog rau qhov loj me thiab txhim kho qhov pom kev pom. Nws raug nquahu kom tshem cov tsom iav thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom me lossis nyeem ntawv.
Lwm txoj hauv kev kho mob myopia yog kev kho mob. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tsim ntawm ib qho kev kho qhov muag nrog lub qhov muag. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no, cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag pib ua haujlwm zoo li qub thiab ua kom muaj zog. Nws yog vim li no tias hnav lo ntsiab muag hauv qee kis kho qhov muag pom zoo dua li cov tsom iav yooj yim.
Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov lo ntsiab muag tsis tuaj yeem nqaCov txiaj ntsig zoo nrog qhov siab myopia, raws li nws nyob ze ntawm lub qhov muag.
Qhov kawg tab sis tsis yog txoj kev kho mob phem tshaj plaws yog orthokeratology. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus kws kho mob tsim ib lub lens tshwj xeeb uas pab hloov cov duab ntawm lub cornea. Tus neeg mob hnav xws li lub lens thaum hmo ntuj, tshem tawm thaum sawv ntxov thiab tsis yws txog nws lub zeem muag txhua hnub. Txoj kev no suav hais tias yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv yog tias myopia nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1.5 txog 5 diopters
Kev phais ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov muag
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kho mob no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho myopia. Txoj kev no tsuas yog siv thaum lub degree ntawm myopia tau mus txog rau diopters.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov khoom uas ncua kev nthuav dav ntawm lub qhov muag yog txhaj rau hauv pob qhov muag. Cov haujlwm yooj yim rau myopia:
- Posterior scleroplasty. Nws yog siv yog tias myopia loj hlob sai, thiab yog vim li cas rau nws cov tsos yog txuam nrog kev hloov ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag. Thaum lub sij hawm phais, me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sclerotoplasty tau muab tso rau hauv microscopic incisions nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub qhov muag. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv yog tias tus poj niam yuav ua siab ntev thiab yug me nyuam rau nws tus kheej. Myopia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5 mus rau 6 diopters.
- Tshwj xeeb sclero-strengthening txhaj. Ib tug tshwj xeeb foaming polymer tus neeg sawv cev yog txhaj rau hauv lub posterior ib feem ntawm lub qhov muag. Thaum cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub sclera, nwsua ntau elastic, tau txais cov qauv ntawm ib hom pob txha, uas pab txhim kho txoj kev loj hlob thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm collagen ntau lawm. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, cov khoom zoo li gel pib yaj, thiab qhov muag rov qab los. Txoj kev kho no yog siv yog tias myopia loj hlob hauv ib tus neeg laus.
Hardware treatment
Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob myopia, kho vajtse txoj kev kho yog siv. Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pab txhim kho qhov mob ntawm retina thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem ntshav ua kom zoo.
Cov txheej txheem kho vajtse feem ntau thiab ua tau zoo suav nrog:
- magnetotherapy;
- xim raug;
- electrostimulation.
Yog tias myopia tsim los ntawm ntau dua 1 diopter hauv ib xyoos, yog tias tsis muaj kev phais hauv qhov no nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm cov kab mob.
Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam
Yuav kom qeeb qhov kev loj hlob ntawm myopia, kho cov kws kho mob feem ntau tau sau cov haujlwm uas yuav pab ua kom tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntev. Rau qhov no, raws li txoj cai, kev kho laser yog siv. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog hloov cov qauv thiab qhov muag pom qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov txheej txheej sab saud ntawm lub pob kws los ntawm kev siv cov tshuab txiav me me nrog lub tshuab laser.
Rau qhov muag tsis pom kev (ntau dua 6 diopters), siv kev phais refractive, piv txwv li:
- lensectomy - hloovlens ntawm qhov muag;
- pob txha yas phais - keratotomy, nrog rau radial keratoplasty.
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ophthalmology, excimer refractive phais yog suav tias yog nrov dua, nyob rau hauv uas niaj hnub zoo laser li siv los ua me me incisions. Qhov no pab txo cov nqaij ntshiv thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem rov qab sai.
Kev cuam tshuam kev phais txhawm rau kho qhov muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem ua ke, siv tshuab computer, laser, lossis nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus kws phais mob.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov teeb meem tshwm sim tom qab kev phais mob myopia (piv txwv li, deformation ntawm lub cev vitreous lub cev), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej tus txheej txheem, kawm kom paub meej txog hom kab mob thiab cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim. thaum kho.
Ib ce ua kom lub qhov muag
Cov neeg muaj teeb meem tsis pom kev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis tu ncua ua ib ce tshwj xeeb uas yuav pab tswj cov leeg nqaij, kho qhov muag pom kev thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov mob. Xws li gymnastics yuav pab tshem tawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov muag qaug zog thiab ua kom cov ntshav txaus rau lub cev ntawm qhov muag.
Kev tawm dag zog lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab hauv chaw ua haujlwm thaum ua haujlwm hauv computer ntev, nyeem phau ntawv lossis lwm yam haujlwm uas qhov muag pom tau zoo heev.
Cov kev tawm dag zog ntau tshaj plaws yog tus kws qhia chaw nyob. Nws suav nrog:
- nrawm nrawm nrawm rau ob peb feeb.
- Tsom ntsoov rau ntawm tus ntiv tes tuav ntawm lub qhov ntswg rau 10 vib nas this, ces so lub qhov muag rau lwm 10 vib nas this. Rov ua dua ib ce li 15 zaug.
- Kaw koj ob lub qhov muag rau 3-5 vib nas this, ces qhib lawv. Kev tawm dag zog yog rov ua dua 10 zaug.
- Ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob centimeters ntawm lub taub ntswg, tso tus ntiv tes ntawm sab tes xis, kaw lub qhov muag sab laug, saib lub ntsis ntiv tes nrog qhib qhov muag rau 5 vib nas this. Rov ua qhov kev tawm dag zog rau lwm qhov muag. Kev tawm dag zog yog ua tiav 12 txog 15 zaug.
- Ua raws li tus ntiv tes txav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov ntswg mus rau qhov deb ntawm tes. Kev tawm dag zog tau ua 7 zaug.
- Yog tsis txav koj lub taub hau, txav koj cov menyuam mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kub ceev. Kev tawm dag zog yog ua 10 mus rau 15 zaug, thaum nws tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias kiv taub hau tsis tshwm sim.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj tshuaj, tshuaj pleev thiab tee uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm myopia tag nrho. Tsuas yog kev kho mob nyuaj (siv kev kho, kev tawm tsam) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cawm tus neeg mob los ntawm tus kab mob hnyav.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Cov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- yog ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau strain nws lub qhov muag ntev, ces nws yuav tsum tau so thiab so nws ob lub qhov muag txhua plaub caug feeb (so kav 10 feeb);
- thaum nyeem ntawv, yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv qab qhov muag;
- ua ib ce tshwj xeebrau lub qhov muag, tsom rau kev txhim kho qhov muag pom kev;
- mus sab nraum zoov ntau zaus, sim tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab thiab kev xav.
Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj ob lub qhov muag kom zoo kom koj lub qhov muag ntse.
