Distal occlusion yog qhov ua txhaum loj, uas, thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kab mob hniav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, muaj ntau yam teeb meem nrog kev ua pa, zom. Qhov kev ua txhaum cai no ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau, yog vim li cas thiaj li yuav tsum tau kho lub sijhawm hauv tsev kho hniav.
Distal tom - kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub puab tsaig, nyob rau hauv uas lub sab sauv me ntsis protrudes saum toj. Qib ntawm kev ua txhaum cai yuav txawv, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub pob txha taub hau thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm chav kawm ntawm pathology. Qhov teeb meem pib los ntawm thaum yau. Nrog rau kev txav ntawm lub puab tsaig, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov piv ntawm cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav enamel tshwm sim.
Txoj kev ua txhaum cai
Distal occlusion yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj kev sib txuam asymmetrical ntawm sab sauv thiab sab qis. Qhov kev sib txawv no ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau rau tus neeg mob, thiab tseem ua rau kev hais lus tsis zoo.
Tom qab kaw lub puab tsaig, ib feem ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej sab saud sib tshooj ntawm cov kab qis, uasmanifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug muaj zog protrusion ntawm lub puab tsaig. Qhov kev ua txhaum cai no nrog rau cov yam ntxwv zoo li no:
- sib txawv lub puab tsaig;
- daim di ncauj luv me me;
- qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm daim di ncauj;
- ntsej muag tsis zoo;
- retracted puab tsaig;
- ib nrab qhib qhov ncauj.
Distal occlusion tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm yam pathologies, uas yog vim li cas kev kho mob ua ntej los ntawm kev kawm ntev ntawm lub ntsej muag symmetry kom nkag siab tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas yuav tsum tau txais tom qab kho.
hom tsiaj
Los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, distal malocclusion tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho ntau dhau ntawm maxilla thiab underdevelopment ntawm mandible. Txawm hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob pathology, lub puab tsaig sab sauv sib tshooj qis dua, txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim. Nrog rau qhov loj me ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv, nws qhov txuas ntxiv thiab tsis kaw ntawm daim di ncauj tau pom.
Thaum lub puab tsaig qis qis hauv ib tus neeg, lub puab tsaig raug hloov rov qab thiab qhov profile ntawm lub ntsej muag yog elongated. Kev txiav txim siab hom tom yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev sau tshuaj kho mob.
Ua ntej xaiv ib txoj kev kho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov distal occlusion thiab nws hom tseem ceeb. Xws li kev ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem muaj daim ntawv alveolar thiab gnathic. Nrog rau daim ntawv alveolar, lub puab tsaig tau nyob kom raug, thiab nrog daim ntawv gnathic, qhov piv ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab cov hniav tsis raug.
Kev yuam kev tuaj yeem nrog lossis tsis muaj tus yuam sij occlusion. Hauv thawj kis, lub puab tsaig sab sauv protrudes me ntsis thiab qhov sib txawv yuav tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev kho kom raug ntawm cov hniav yog khaws cia hauv thaj chaw sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug pathology tsis muaj ib tug occlusion yuam sij, muaj ib tug ua txhaum ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov hniav, raws li zoo raws li ib tug hloov chaw ntawm cov hniav.
ua rau ntawm pathology
Muaj ntau yam ua rau mob plab. Ntawm lawv, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog cov hauv qab no:
- fetal development disorder;
- khoom noj khoom haus;
- xav;
- Y kab mob ntawm nasopharynx;
- tus cwj pwm phem;
- kev tshem tawm cov hniav ntxov dhau;
- genetic predisposition.
Hais txog lub lim tiam 12 ntawm kev loj hlob hauv plab, tus me nyuam hauv plab pib tsim ib qho kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no tso cai rau tus menyuam ua kom nqus tau li qub. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev txav no, nws nkag mus rau qhov qub.
Ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm cov kab mob pathology, kev pub mis nyuj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, uas tus menyuam tsis tas yuav siv zog. Yog li ntawd, lub puab tsaig sab qis tsis loj hlob. Cov neeg feem coob uas tau muaj rickets muaj ntau hom kev sib txawv hauv kev txhim kho kev kho hniav.
Qee zaum, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob ntawm nasopharynx tuaj yeem tsim kev kub ntxhov. Cov kab mob no muaj xws li mob adenoiditis, deviated septum thiab ntau lwm yam kab mob. Qhov no tshwm sim raws li qhov tshwm simlub qhov ncauj ua pa, thaum cov hniav sab sauv poob nws qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm tus nplaig, yog li lub puab tsaig sab sauv maj mam txav mus rau pem hauv ntej.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
Ua ntej koj kho qhov kev sib cais ntawm qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum paub tias dab tsi yog cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob pathology tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov ncauj thiab lub ntsej muag. Cov cim tseem ceeb yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov proportions ntawm lub ntsej muag. Tshwj xeeb, cov tsos mob muaj xws li:
- sab laug;
- maxillary protrusion;
- luv qis thib peb ntawm lub ntsej muag;
- dhau ntawm daim di ncauj rov qab;
- protrusion ntawm nruab nrab cov hniav;
- sharpened puab tsaig;
- qhib qhov ncauj.
Ntawm cov cim qhia hauv lub cev thiab ua haujlwm, cov hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- malposition of posterior hniav;
- nyuaj zom zaub mov;
- teeb meem nrog qhov ntswg ua pa;
- mob hauv lub tuam tsev;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm kev hais lus ua haujlwm.
Lwm cov cim qhia ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj comorbidities.
Diagnostics
Tus kws kho hniav hais txog kev kho mob ntawm dentoalveolar anomalies. Tus kws kho mob pib tshawb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, qhov peculiarity ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hniav, thiab tom qab ntawd ua qhov kev kuaj mob dav dav. Kev kuaj mob ua ntej yog tsim los tom qab kev kuaj pom ntawm tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm cov tsos mob ntawm pathology. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb yuav kho tus mob overbite li cas, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj tus kab mob thiab nws hom.
Rau qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv tau ua tiav, uas tau muab faib ua theem pib thiab ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yuav tsum suav nrog:
- tshuaj ntsuam;
- tsim khoom thiab kawm ntawm lub puab tsaig;
- orthopantomography.
Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj cov cim qhia, qhov loj ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav, cov duab ntawm lub ntuj, muaj qhov sib txawv thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob coj qhov kev xav ntawm ob lub puab tsaig siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab ua qauv hauv chav kuaj rau kev kuaj ntxiv uas siv ntau yam kev xeem.
Lwm txoj kev kuaj mob yog orthopantomography, uas yog daim duab X-ray. Cov kev kuaj mob ntxiv muaj xws li:
- electromyography;
- radioography;
- teleradiography;
- rheography;
- tomography.
Tsuas yog nrog kev kuaj mob kom raug, koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev kho mob uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws uas yuav tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm sai heev.
Txoj kev kho mob
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los kawm txog txoj hauv kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw occlusion thiab tshuaj xyuas txog lawv ua ntej pib nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev kho nyob rau hauv ntau yam yog nyob ntawm tus neegCov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg thiab qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm ntawm pathology.
Nyob rau hauv me nyuam yaus, kev kho ntawm qhov distal occlusion feem ntau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thaum nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus cov txheej txheem no yuav tsis ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim vim yog cov kab mob dentoalveolar uas twb muaj lawm. Hauv menyuam yaus, kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog txhawm rau txo qis ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig sab.
Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom pib qhov txheej txheem no thaum yau. Cov khoom siv uas tshem tau thiab tsis tshem tau orthodontic yog siv rau qhov no. Txog li 10 xyoo, kev kho tom qab yog ua los ntawm txoj kev no:
- tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj;
- kws qhia;
- plates.
Lawv tsis tas yuav siv li niaj zaus thiab tsis ua rau tsis xis nyob, vim lawv hnav tshwj xeeb hauv tsev lossis hmo ntuj. Rau ib tug me nyuam loj, thaum qhov tom tau tsim, bracket systems feem ntau yog siv. Tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab lub sijhawm ntawm lawv hnav ib leeg xwb.
Nyob rau hauv neeg laus, kev kho mob yog ua nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia ib zaug, uas yog, kev ncua ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv los yog txo qis ntawm sab sauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kws kho mob sau tshwj xeeb braces los yog lub ntsej muag daim hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj facebow. Cov txheej txheem kho mob tseem muaj xws li myostimulation, tshem tawm cov teeb meem hniav, sib tsoo. Kev ntsuas los kho qhov ntswg ua pa kuj raug siv, thiabcais tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm phem. Yog hais tias lub braces tsis kho qhov tom distal, ces tus kws kho mob muab kev phais.
Kev kho me nyuam
Kev pib txhim kho ntawm pathology tuaj yeem kuaj pom thaum yau. Txhawm rau kho qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov menyuam yaus, tus kws kho hniav kho hniav yuav tsum tau sau qee yam myogymnastics, vim tias tsis siv ntau txoj hauv kev kom txog thaum cov mis nyuj cov hniav hloov tag nrho cov molars. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb yuav tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm sai sai thiab tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev hloov mus rau ib daim ntawv hnyav dua.
Raws li kev tawm dag zog, qhov siab tshaj plaws rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub puab tsaig sab hauv yog xav tau, kom cov hniav qis dua tag nrho cov sab sauv. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm zoo sib xws, koj yuav tsum tuav lub puab tsaig rau ob peb feeb thiab ua qhov kev tawm dag zog kom txog thaum muaj kev qaug zog me ntsis hauv cov leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsa tus nplaig rau saum lub palate.
Brackets tsis haum thaum ntxov, txawm li cas los xij, qee yam khoom siv kho hniav tseem siv tau. Yeej, cov cuab yeej tshem tau tshwj xeeb yog siv nrog cov ntsia hlau me me rau kev nthuav dav. Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau npe rau qhov hnav ntawm ob lub puab tsaig splint. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog ua kom lub puab tsaig qis thiab so cov leeg.
Braces yuav raug sau thaum lub sij hawm teething. Nws yog qhov system no uas tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav tag nrho cov hniavkab thiab muab lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm uas xav tau.
kev kho neeg laus
Kho ntawm qhov chaw occlusion nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus feem ntau yog nyob ntawm theem dav dav ntawm cov kab mob pathology thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Muaj ntau ntau theem ntawm kev kho hniav orthodontic. Nyob rau theem pib, kev npaj ua tiav rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm bracket systems yog nqa tawm. Txhawm rau txo lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob thiab ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, tus kws kho mob pib kho nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los kho qhov distal occlusion. Ntawm lawv, ib qho yuav tsum tseem ceeb xws li Distal Jet.
Nrog nws txoj kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm txav tau cov hniav pem hauv ntej ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv. Lawv yooj yim heev thiab sai sai coj qhov chaw xav tau. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li tus qauv ntawm lub puab tsaig hauv chav kuaj. Cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau nruab nrab rau 3-6 lub hlis, tom qab uas tus kws kho mob nruab ib qho tshwj xeeb palatine clasp rau thawj cov molars los sib sau ua ke qhov tshwm sim. Lub kaw lus bracket tau nruab rau ntawm tag nrho lwm cov hniav, uas tso cai rau koj ua tiav cov kev kho mob pib.
Kev kho mob rau cov mob hnyav
Yog tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuab bracket tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, ces tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev. Thaum ib tug txaus degree ntawm pathology tshwm sim, uas muaj nyob rau hauv loj anomalies, ib tug kev khiav hauj lwm yog muab los kho qhov distal occlusion. Xws li manipulations tsuas yog ua los ntawm tus kws phais maxillofacial. Tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm tus neeg mob rau qhov kev cuam tshuam zoo li no, tus kws phais mob thiab kws kho hniav ua ke tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau kev phais thiab kev kho mob.
Tom qab ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 5-7 hnub. Tus kws kho hniav yuav kho qhov mob ib nrab thaum lub sijhawm phais, thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub puab tsaig ntawm lub puab tsaig yuav zoo li qub.
Muaj feem cuam tshuam
Yog tias kev kho mob tau ua tiav thaum yau, tom ntej no, qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov distal occlusion tsis tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog tias tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho hniav thiab lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm tau ua raws. Thaum ua cov kev kho mob nyuaj, lub sijhawm normalization rau menyuam yaus yog kwv yees li 1-2 xyoos, thiab rau cov neeg laus - 2-4 xyoos.
Cov neeg laus muaj feem ntau yuav muaj kev rov qab los ntawm tus kab mob, uas yog, rov ua cov kab mob ntawm cov hniav. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nrog ib tug tag nrho tsim occlusion, ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm restructuring ntawm lub dentoalveolar system mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau txoj hauj lwm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub sijhawm kho kom zoo.
Huab cua thiab tiv thaiv
Qhov kev mob tshwm sim tom qab kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw occlusion feem ntau yog qhov zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias tus kws kho mob hu rau lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov teeb meem raug kho thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab heevrooj plaub ntawm kev ua raws li txhua yam tshuaj kho mob.
Yog tias kev kho tsis tau ua tiav, qhov kev cia siab tsis zoo, vim tias malocclusion provokes qhov kev loj hlob ntawm pathologies loj, tshwj xeeb:
- tsis txaus nqos thiab zom ua haujlwm;
- pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob hauv lub cev;
- kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm temporomandibular.
Tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw occlusion txhais tau tias:
- pub mis niam thiab qhia cov zaub mov raws sijhawm;
- kev tiv thaiv kab mob rickets;
- tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm nasopharynx;
- tshem tawm cov cwj pwm phem.
Yog tias tag nrho cov lus pom zoo no tau ua raws, feem ntau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua txhaum cai. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj heev uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho, vim li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li kev tiv thaiv raws sij hawm.
