Cov rog muaj nyob hauv cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog esters ntawm trihydric cawv (glycerol) thiab acids (oleic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic thiab palmitic). Qhov no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm lawv txoj kev tawg rau hauv cov kua qaub thiab glycerol, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov rog los ntawm cov lus piav qhia.
Kev tsim cov rog hauv tib neeg lub cev
Cov rog yog esters ntawm glycerol. Thaum lub sij hawm digestive txheej txheem, lawv yog emulsified los ntawm cov kua tsib ntsev thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog enzymes, nrog rau kev pab los ntawm lawv yog hydrolyzed. Yog li, cov roj ntsha uas tso tawm tau nkag mus rau hauv cov mucosa ntawm lub plab zom mov, uas yog qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem rog rog. Cov rog ces mus thoob plaws hauv lub cev lub portal system raws li microparticles uas khi rau cov proteins hauv cov ntshav. Metabolism tshwm sim hauv daim siab.
Kev sib xyaw rog yog ua tau vim yog carbohydrates ntau, uas tsis koom nrog kev tsim glycogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, lipids tau muab los ntawm qee cov amino acids.
Kev sib pivNrog glycogen, cov rog yog compact zog cia. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis txwv nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, vim nws muaj daim ntawv ntawm cov lipids nruab nrab hauv cov rog rog. Lipogenesis tshwm sim vim yog cov synthesis ntawm fatty acids, raws li lawv pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov lipid pawg.
theem ntawm lipid metabolism
Cov rog thiab rog zoo li cov sib txuas mus dhau lub voj voog hauv qab no hauv tib neeg lub cev:
- noj nrog zaub mov;
- tawg mus rau hauv cov tebchaw yooj yim, txheej txheem zom zaub mov, nqus;
- hloov los ntawm lub plab zom mov los ntawm chyloproteins;
- metabolism ntawm cov protein ntau uas sawv cev los ntawm cov rog nruab nrab, fatty acids, cholesterol lossis phospholipids;
- metabolism ntawm complex lipids, esters ntawm polyhydric cawv thiab ntau dua fatty acids;
- polycyclic lipophilic cawv pauv;
- kev hloov pauv ntawm cov roj ntsha fatty acids thiab ketone lub cev;
- txheej txheem ntawm hloov acetyl-CoA rau hauv cov roj fatty acids;
- tawg rog rau hauv cov khoom hauv qab kev ua ntawm lipase;
- degradation ntawm fatty acid lov khoom.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm fatty acids rau tib neeg lub cev
Phospholipids yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov roj ntsha hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nrog rau lawv qhov tsis muaj, cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub siab raug cuam tshuam.
Phospholipids zom rau hauv glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid thiab nitrogenous bases. Thawj ob yam khoom tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv dej thiab carbon dioxide, lossis koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov rog.
Choline (lub hauv paus nitrogenous) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kawmmethionine thiab creatine. Methionine yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab ua haujlwm, txo qis cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav, nrog rau cov nyhuv antidepressant. Creatine yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub zog metabolism hauv cov leeg nqaij thiab paj hlwb. Acetylcholine (ib yam khoom ntawm choline) normalizes kev sib kis ntawm lub paj hlwb excitation.
Nws yog cov rog uas muab lub zog rau adesine triphosphate molecules uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem biochemical hauv lub cev.
Yog li, kev sib txuas ntawm cov rog hauv cov cell membranes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tsis muaj lawv, tib neeg lub cev yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm li qub.
Ua rau muaj rog digestion disorders
Kev tsis txaus ntawm kev nqus cov rog tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- duct obstruction ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev zais cia. Cov mob no yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov pob zeb lossis cov qog. Kev txo qis ntawm cov kua tsib tso tawm ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev sib xyaw cov rog thiab yog li tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom hydrolyze fatty compounds.
- Teeb meem nrog kev tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv pancreas. Nws kuj cuam tshuam rau hydrolysis ntawm cov rog.
Txhua qhov teeb meem tau piav qhia saum toj no ua rau muaj roj ntau ntxiv hauv cov khoom pov tseg tib neeg. Muaj ib tug thiaj li hu ua "roj quav". Qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nrog qhov tseeb tias cov roj-soluble vitamins A, E, D thiab K, nrog rau cov fatty acids tseem ceeb rau lub cev, tsis tau nqus ntxiv lawm. Ntev "fatty quav" ua rau tsis muaj cov tshuaj no thiab txhim kho cov tsos mob sib xws.
Tsis tas li, qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm kev zom zaub mov ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-lipid, vim tias rog nyiam ntim cov zaub mov, uas tiv thaiv cov enzymes los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nws.
Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov roj synthesis
Impaired lipid metabolism tuaj yeem ua rau cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Kev rog. Nws tshwm sim ob qho tib si hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm kev noj zaub mov cuam tshuam nrog kev ua neej nyob tsis tu ncua, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus.
- Abetalipoproteinemia. Ib hom kab mob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim uas qee yam lipoproteins tsis nyob hauv cov ntshav. Cov rog nyob hauv cov mucosa. Deformation ntawm erythrocytes tsim.
- Cachexia. Tsawg calorie kom tsawg ua rau txo qis hauv cov ntaub so ntswg adipose hauv lub cev. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj cov qog, nrog rau cov kab mob ntev ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo lossis metabolic tsis ua haujlwm.
- Atherosclerosis. Cov kab mob ntev ntawm cov hlab ntsha tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lipid metabolism, cuam tshuam nrog kev tso cov roj cholesterol plaques rau ntawm phab ntsa vascular. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, qhov no yog fraught nrog cov tsos ntawm sclerosis (proliferation ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg), uas ua rau deformation ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus txog rau lawv tag nrho blockage. Atherosclerosis provokes kab mob plawv.
- Menckeberg's arteriosclerosis. Cov kab mob no zoo ib yam li atherosclerosis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv yog tias cov hlab ntsha yog deformed thiab txhaws tsis nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sis vim calcification - tsub zuj zuj ntawm ntsev deposits. Nrog xws li ib tug lesion, lawv tsis tsimcov quav hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob provokes lwm yam teeb meem, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog aneurysm.
Synthesis of fats in plant cells
Txau cov txheej txheem hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hloov pauv thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm paj. Thaum cov protein synthesis tsis muaj zog, cov rog pib tsim los ntawm carbohydrates. Cov txheej txheem no mus txog rau thaum tag nrho ripening ntawm cov noob. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov rog los ntawm carbohydrates thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov proteins los ntawm cov amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub caij yug me nyuam.
Oilseeds muaj cov ntsiab lus muaj roj ntau tshaj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account los ntawm cov neeg uas xav kho lawv tus kheej qhov hnyav.
Lipid metabolism hauv science
Hnub no, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov rog uas tsim nyog rau kev noj haus yog ua tau los ntawm esterification ntawm fatty acids nrog glycerol, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsim los ntawm oxidation ntawm paraffins. Txij li ob qho tib si fatty acids thiab glycerol tau los ntawm cov thee, muaj ib txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiav cov synthesis ntawm cov rog noj. Cov kev tshawb pom no tau ua tau ua tsaug rau cov haujlwm ntawm F. Wöhler, A. V. G. Kolbe, M. Berthelot thiab A. M. Butlerov. Nws yog lawv cov uas ua pov thawj kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tshuaj, nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv cov kev sib hloov.
Qhov kev paub tau tau ua tiav hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tau txais cov rog los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim (zaub thiab tsiaj), vim tias kev sib txuas tsis yog txoj kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.
