Sphincter ntawm Oddi tsis ua haujlwm - nws yog dab tsi?

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Sphincter ntawm Oddi tsis ua haujlwm - nws yog dab tsi?
Sphincter ntawm Oddi tsis ua haujlwm - nws yog dab tsi?

Video: Sphincter ntawm Oddi tsis ua haujlwm - nws yog dab tsi?

Video: Sphincter ntawm Oddi tsis ua haujlwm - nws yog dab tsi?
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub Sphincter ntawm Oddi yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog uas tswj kev nkag ntawm cov kua tsib los ntawm cov kab mob biliary los ntawm lub siab mus rau hauv duodenum. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog kev tswj hwm lub zais zis ntawm lub zais zis, nrog rau kev ntws ntawm pancreatic enzyme rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Cov dej num ntawm txoj hnyuv kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov kua tsib.

sphincter ntawm oddi nws yog dab tsi
sphincter ntawm oddi nws yog dab tsi

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub cev ua haujlwm zoo

Yog tias txoj haujlwm ntawm SO (sphincter ntawm Oddi) deviates los ntawm tus qauv, ces kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum pib raug kev txom nyem. Tus neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no tau ntsib kev mob paroxysmal nyob rau hauv lub plab mog sab sauv, daim siab enzymes tuaj yeem nce siab, muaj cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob sib kis, nce tso tawm ntawm pancreatin, thiab mob pancreatitis tuaj yeem loj hlob tuaj. Dab tsi yog sphincter ntawm Oddi? Dab tsi yog kev ua txhaum cai txaus ntshai hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev? Yog li, thawj yam ua ntej.

Sphincter ntawm Oddi ntaus ntawv

Qhov ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm lub cev no tuaj yeem yog ob hom - qauv lossis kev ua haujlwm. Raws li kev faib tawm kev kho mob, qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nohu ua ib tug kab mob ntawm lub biliary ib ntsuj av.

Anatomically, SO yog ib rooj plaub ntawm cov leeg nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab mob pancreatic thiab cov kua tsib rau hauv ib lub hlab ntsha uas nkag mus rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm duodenum. Raws li cov qauv ntawm lub sphincter, nws muaj peb qhov chaw - ib ntu ntawm cov kua tsib, ib ntu ntawm cov kab mob pancreatic thiab lub sphincter ntawm ampulla uas nyob ib puag ncig cov channel ntawm ob lub cev.

Lub ampoule no tswj lub siab tas li, uas ib txwm yog 10-15 mmHg. Lub siab no yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov leeg du uas tsim cov ntaub qhwv thiab nyob ob qho tib si longitudinally thiab ncig.

CO Functions

Dab tsi yog qhov sphincter ntawm Oddi hais txog kev ua haujlwm?

Peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb no ua haujlwm sphincter yog los tswj cov kua tsib thiab kua txiv pancreatic mus rau hauv duodenum, tiv thaiv reflux (belching) ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj hnyuv no rov qab mus rau hauv cov kua tsib-pancreatic duct, thiab kom ntseeg tau tias qhov reflux Cov kab mob siab nyob rau hauv lub gallbladder.

Tag nrho cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua tau vim muaj peev xwm ntawm OD los tswj lub siab hauv nws tus kheej thiab nruab nrab ntawm nws cov kav dej thiab cov duodenum.

CO tsis ua haujlwm yog dab tsi?

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SSO) yog ib feem ntawm qhov patency ntawm cov ducts tau piav qhia saum toj no. Nws muaj cov organic lossis kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab nws qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov kua txiv pancreatic thiab cov kua tsib.

sphincter ntawm oddi dysfunction
sphincter ntawm oddi dysfunction

Vim qhov xwm txheej ntawm DSO, cov neeg mob nrog qhov noQhov teeb meem no tau muab faib ua ob hom - cov uas nws tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm stenosis (spasm) ntawm lub sphincter thiab cov neeg uas muaj dyskinesia ntawm lub cev. Anatomical stenosis ntawm SO yog tshwm sim los ntawm o thiab fibrosis (thaum cov leeg nqaij hloov los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, caws pliav daim ntawv), thiab tejzaum nws yog los ntawm daim nyias nyias hyperplasia. Fibrosis thiab o tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hla ntawm pob zeb los ntawm cov ducts lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm tus mob pancreatitis. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo tias nws nyuaj heev rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm cov organic thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm tib yam.

Sphincter ntawm Oddi dysfunction yog heev muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas tau undergone cholecystectomy. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm postcholecystectomy syndrome yog qhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob no, qhov tseeb, nws, raws li txoj cai, provokes tus mob no. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob no raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej raws li qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov kua tsib mus rau hauv duodenum. Qee zaum spasm (dyskinesia) ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi kuj tau sau tseg. Yog tias lub gallbladder raug tshem tawm, ces txawm tias qhov txo qis hauv CO2 ua rau muaj kev nce siab hauv tag nrho cov kua tsib. Qhov tshwm sim no nrog rau qhov mob.

Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

Ib txwm, qhov kev kuaj mob no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kws kho mob. Hauv qab no peb teev tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm tus sphincter ntawm Oddi, los yog nws tsis ua hauj lwm.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nws yog ib qho kev hais tawm, mob tsis tu ncua nrog qhov chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub epigastrium thiab sab xis ntawm lub plab mog. Qhov xwm ntawm qhov mob no yog:

  • sijhawm qaug dab peg - txogib nrab ib teev lossis ntau dua, lawv raug cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm tsis muaj mob, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua;
  • tawm tsam tshwm sim ib lossis ntau zaug thoob plaws xyoo;
  • mob hnyav heev uas tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau thaum ua haujlwm;
  • kev tshuaj xyuas tsis qhia txog kev hloov pauv los piav qhia cov tsos mob no.

Kev kuaj yuav pom ib lossis ntau ntawm cov hauv qab no: nce ncaj qha bilirubin thiab / lossis pancreatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminases.

pancreatic sphincter tsis ua haujlwm
pancreatic sphincter tsis ua haujlwm

Hom kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi

Hauv cov tshuaj, cov neeg mob tau muab faib ua ob pawg - cov no yog cov neeg mob uas muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov kab mob biliary ntawm sphincter (feem ntau ntawm lawv) thiab cov neeg mob uas tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub sphincter ntawm Oddi ntawm hom pancreatic (muaj tsawg dua).

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas xav tau kom tau txais daim duab tag nrho yog ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) thiab sphincter manometry. Ob txoj hauv kev no raug xa mus rau kev kuaj mob rau tus kab mob no.

Kev kuaj xyuas ERCP pab kom tsis suav nrog lwm cov kab mob ntawm cov txiav thiab cov kua tsib uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov ducts thiab qhov zaus ntawm lawv qhov khoob.

Thiab nrog kev pab ntawm endoscopic manometry (uas yog suav tias yog txoj kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws rau kev tshuaj xyuas CO), lub siab ntawm lub sphincter yog ntsuas los ntawm kev ntxig ib lub catheter tshwj xeeb rau hauvsoj ntsuam ducts. Nws kuj tseem pab kom nkag siab tias lub cev muaj zog yog dab tsi ntawm CO.

biliary sphincter tsis ua haujlwm
biliary sphincter tsis ua haujlwm

Biliary hom DSO

Siv ob txoj kev no, cov neeg mob SWD tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi raws li biliary hom No. 1, thaum tus neeg mob muaj biliary colic, cov kab mob hauv lub cev yog dilated, qeeb dua li ib txwm tso tawm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb sib txawv, thiab qib siab ntawm cov kua tsib tau nce. Kev ua txhaum ntawm pawg no yog vim stenosis ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi. Qhov thib ob, qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi raws li biliary hom No. 2. Ntawm no, cov neeg mob muaj mob biliary ua ke nrog qee cov tsos mob ntawm thawj hom. Lawv qhov tsis zoo tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv. Thib peb, nws yog biliary hom 3, nrog tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tawm tsam biliary, uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob. Thaum kawg, ib qho subtype ntawm pancreatic dysfunction ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi yog qhov txawv. Nrog rau nws, tus neeg mob ntsib qhov mob epigastric yam ntxwv ntawm pancreatitis, uas tuaj yeem tawg mus rau sab nraub qaum. Kev soj ntsuam hauv cov neeg mob zoo li no qhia tias nce lipases thiab amylase. Tab sis vim lawv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ua rau mob pancreatitis (piv txwv li, kev quav cawv, thiab lwm yam), cov kws kho mob tau kuaj pom qhov tsis paub tseeb ntawm tus mob pancreatitis.

Kev tshawb fawb hauv chav sim ua kom nkag siab ncaj qha rau qhov mob tawm tsam. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam yuav qhia txog qhov nce hauv qee cov enzymes, uas yuav pab txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau thiabtus kab mob no.

pancreatic sphincter ntawm oddi dysfunction
pancreatic sphincter ntawm oddi dysfunction

Non-invasive exam for DSO

Dab tsi yog qhov sphincter ntawm Oddi? Daim duab tag nrho ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej thiab nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Tom ntej no, xav txog cov kev kuaj mob rau kev kawm DSO.

Ultrasound yog siv rau kev kuaj tsis muaj kab mob hauv tus kab mob no. Nws pab txiav txim siab txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov xav tau ducts ua ntej thiab tom qab kev qhia txog cov khoom "provocative". Piv txwv li, txhawm rau ua kom lub ultrasound ua tiav raws li kev kuaj mob, tus neeg mob noj cov zaub mov muaj roj. Qhov no txhawb kev tsim cov cholecystokinin thiab nce cov kua tsib tso tawm. Txoj kab uas hla yog ntsuas hauv ib teev nrog zaus ntawm 15 feeb. Thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm ua hauj lwm ntawm CO, txoj kab uas hla xyaum tsis hloov los yog yuav txo me ntsis, tab sis nrog ib tug kab mob nws nce markedly. Muaj tseeb, txoj kev no tsis txhais tau tias muaj qhov tseeb heev ntawm Oddi's sphincter dysfunction rau nws cov subtypes.

Tseem muaj hepatobiliary scintigraphy, uas tso cai rau koj taug qab lub sijhawm nkag mus ntawm isotope tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm, txav nrog cov kua tsib los ntawm lub siab mus rau hauv duodenum. Yog tias lub sijhawm nce ntxiv, qhov no yog pov thawj ntawm DSO.

kev kho mob

Nws pib nrog kev noj zaub mov uas kws kho mob sau rau tus neeg mob. Nws kuj suav nrog kev kho tshuaj, i.e. tshuaj.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev noj zaub mov nrog DSO yog cov roj tsawg. Kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum muaj zaub fibers lossis khoom noj khoom haus xws li bran, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsumyuav tsum thermally processed, i.e. boiled los yog ci.

Thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm DSO yog feem ntau cov tsos mob. Piv txwv li, kev tshem tawm spasm ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm SO. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev teem caij ntawm antispasmodics. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj anticholinergic yog siv rau qhov no.

biliary sphincter tsis ua haujlwm
biliary sphincter tsis ua haujlwm

Tshuaj nyob ib sab

Muaj cov tshuaj antispasmodics ntawm hom myotropic uas txo cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab cov leeg nqaij du: "Papaverine", "Benciclane", "Drotaverine". Cov kws kho mob xav tias Mebeverin yog ib qho tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov leeg nqaij. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 40 npaug ntau dua li Papaverine. Nws concomitant zog yog normalization ntawm txoj hnyuv, i.e. Nws txo qis hyperperistalsis, relieves spasm, tab sis tsis ua rau hypotension. Odeston (Gimekron) kuj nyiam cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Nws tsis muaj anticoagulant zog thiab yog ib qho khoom siv analogue ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv fennel thiab anise, uas yav tas los siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li antispasmodics. Yeej tsis muaj cov teebmeem tshwm sim thaum noj cov tshuaj no. Txo qhov mob thiab cov tshuaj uas muaj cov blockers qeeb calcium channels. Cov no yog Nifedipine, Veropamil, Diltiazem, thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov tshuaj saum toj no muaj cov kev phiv loj heev, yog li lawv tau sau nrog kev saib xyuas zoo.

Kev kho mob rau DSO

Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hnyav, ces cov neeg mob raug pom zoo phais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ineffectiveness ntawm non-invasive kev kho mob ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi, los yog theej nws dysfunction, thiab yog hais tias stenosis yog xav tias, endoscopic papillosphincterotomy yuav tsum tau. Yog tias qhov no yog tus neeg mob ntawm thawj hom biliary, tom qab ntawd qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav zoo li ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob. Tib theem yog tswj hwm rau cov neeg mob ntawm ob hom biliary ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi ua haujlwm tsis zoo nrog kev nce siab hauv lub cev nws tus kheej. Tab sis nrog hom thib peb biliary, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev vam meej nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam no yog los ntawm 7 mus rau 55 feem pua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, hom kev ua haujlwm no yog siv tsawg heev.

Nyob rau hauv endoscopic balloon dilatation, catheters ib ntus, hu ua stents, yog cog rau hauv SO. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau yav dhau los. Tab sis qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo rau cov neeg mob nrog DSO tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj. Tam sim no nws tau muab tshuaj rau hauv qhov tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, balloon dilatation yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg mob uas nws cov ducts tsis dilated.

Ib txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev kho mob yog kev qhia txog botulinum toxin (Botox) rau hauv duodenal papilla. Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no kav li ntawm peb mus rau cuaj lub hlis. Nws cov nyhuv yog txo cov suab nrov ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi. Tab sis txij li txoj kev tseem nyob rau theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, nws kuj tseem tsis tau siv dav.

sphincter ntawm oddi cov tsos mob
sphincter ntawm oddi cov tsos mob

Zoo kawg

Los ntawmcov khoom siv saum toj no, nws tau pom meej tias nws yog dab tsi - lub sphincter ntawm Oddi, nws txoj haujlwm tsis zoo yog dab tsi thiab txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas tom kawg.

Raws li peb tau pom, feem ntau, cov txheej txheem kuaj mob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob, thiab muaj cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv feem ntau txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg mob.

Pom zoo: