Parathyroid qog. Cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid

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Parathyroid qog. Cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid
Parathyroid qog. Cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid

Video: Parathyroid qog. Cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid

Video: Parathyroid qog. Cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid
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Nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj ntau lub cev thiab lub cev ua haujlwm ntau yam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov qog parathyroid. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm nws phab ntsa. Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov qog no cuam tshuam rau ntau cov txheej txheem hauv peb lub cev. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv.

thyroid nyob qhov twg
thyroid nyob qhov twg

Ntau zaus, cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog muaj teeb meem nrog cov thyroid caj pas. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob feem ntau qhia kom pub ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones. Cov ncauj lus no puas txaus ntshai, muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau cov thyroid caj pas? Yuav luag txhua tus paub qhov twg cov thyroid caj pas nyob - qhov no yog pem hauv ntej ntawm tib neeg caj dab. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias cov thyroid caj pas yog ib tug endocrine caj pas. Lawm, nws muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov endocrine system, uas yog endowed nrog tib neeg lub cev. Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog txuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj kev sib npaug hauv tib neeg lub cev.

Lobes ntawm thyroid caj pas

Cov thyroid caj pas yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov,Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ib tug symmetrical lub cev, vim hais tias nws muaj xws li ib tug isthmus thiab ob lobes zoo tib yam nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm nws. Txoj cai lobe ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, zoo li sab laug, yog nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm lub trachea, thaum lub isthmus nyob rau ntawm nws sab pem hauv ntej. Qee tus kws kho mob kuj tseem tsom mus rau lub pyramidal lobe. Ntawm no peb yuav tsum hais txog xws li qhov ntim ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Tom qab tag nrho, qee zaum, thaum kuaj pom qhov sib ntxiv (thib peb), cov kws paub tsis paub ntawv pib tham txog cov kab mob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog no. Tab sis qhov no yog deb ntawm qhov tseeb. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag.

Feem ntau, cov qauv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas hais txog qhov ntim yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist, tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, koj yuav tsum tiv tauj nws twb thaum thawj cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog koj qhov kev noj qab haus huv zoo tshwm sim. Nws hloov tawm hais tias malfunctions nyob rau hauv cov thyroid caj pas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub siab thiab lub cev lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog (oxygen, iodine, proteins, thiab lwm yam). Yog tias kuaj pom lawv qhov tsis txaus, tus neeg ntawd tam sim ntawd ua nruj thiab ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, phaus ntxiv thiab qhov tsis muaj peev xwm poob phaus kuj yog qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Cov qauv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntim yog txiav txim siab rau txhua tus neeg. Ua ntej, tus kws kho mob yuav muab rau koj mus kuaj ultrasound, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pub ntshav mus rau qibcov tshuaj hormones.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas: nws puas tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev?

thyroid ntim
thyroid ntim

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov loj ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg. Koj tuaj yeem, tau kawg, hais txog qhov nruab nrab qhov loj ntawm qhov sib koom: 20/20/40 mm. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ntim ntawm isthmus yuav sib npaug li 4 x 5 mm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov loj ntawm lub lobes ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yuav yog los ntawm 20 mus rau 40 g. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov loj ntawm cov thyroid caj pas tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 65 g. Muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb heev: poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog yam ntxwv. muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov loj ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Lub hnub nyoog laus txo qhov ntim ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev puberty, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nce nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev xeeb tub ntawm cov poj niam txhawb kev nce ib ntus ntawm cov qog no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb hauv nqe lus nug yog suav tias yog tus qauv thiab tsis kho txhua txoj hauv kev kom txog thaum yug.

Raws li nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb, cov thyroid caj pas yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob endocrine, yog li ntau cov tshuaj hormones niaj hnub ua rau hauv nws: calcitonin (peptide hormone), triiodothyronine thiab thyroxine (cov tshuaj hormones iodine). Lawv tswj cov hormonal tshuav ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov tshuaj hormones no cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov hlwb tshiab thiab kev tuag ntawm cov laus, cov metabolism hauv lub cev. Ib tug neeg ib txwm xav tau lub zog ua neej nyob, txav mus los, noj, pw tsaug zog, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav uas cov thyroid hormones ua. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias tsim nyog rau lub cev. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej yog nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid hormones. Lawv yog tus saib xyuas txoj haujlwmkev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab qhov no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog tsis yog tsuas yog paub qhov twg cov thyroid caj pas nyob (kom hnov mob hauv lub sijhawm yog tias tsis xis nyob hauv caj dab), tab sis kuj yuav tsum nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo.

Parathyroid caj pas yog dab tsi?

Kuv xav tam sim ntawd nco ntsoov nws txoj kev koom tes ncaj qha rau tag nrho tib neeg cov kab mob endocrine. Nrog rau cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov thyroid caj pas, cov qog parathyroid nyob rau ntawm nws qhov chaw tom qab. Ib tug neeg muaj ob khub zoo li no. Nco ntsoov tias lawv tuaj yeem nyob sab nraud ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Cov qog ntawm cov qog no suav nrog ob hom hlwb: oxyphilic thiab tus thawj.

cov qog parathyroid
cov qog parathyroid

Cov hlwb no, uas yog lawv cov cytoplasm, muaj granules hu ua secretory. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab tias lub caj pas parathyroid yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog sab hauv, thiab nws nyob thiab ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, xyov nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov lossis tshem tawm. Txwv tsis pub, txawm tias thaum sim tawm hauv cov thyroid caj pas, tus neeg tsis muaj sia nyob.

Qhov ntau ntawm cov qog parathyroid (parathyroid) qog, lawv tus lej thiab qhov chaw

Cov duab ntawm cov qog parathyroid feem ntau yog oval (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raum lossis taum, qee zaum nws zoo li lub voj voog, thiab kuj flattened), thiab qhov loj ncav cuag 8 hli. Heev feem ntau, ib tug neeg muaj ntau yam anomalies nyob rau hauv tus lej thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov qog parathyroid. Qee lub sij hawm cov kws kho mob kuaj xyuas lawv qhov muaj nyob rau hauv goiter los yog nruab nrab ntawm lub trachea thiab esophagus. Kev nce ntawm cov qog parathyroid ntau dua. Cov kws tshawb fawb nrogCov kws kho mob tau sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nrhiav 8 thiab txawm tias 12 daim. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov qog parathyroid tsis txawv ntau: thickness - 1.5-2 mm, dav - 3-4 mm, ntev - 6-7 mm. Feem ntau cov caj pas parathyroid sab sauv me ntsis me dua qhov qis dua - qhov no yog cov qauv. Lawv qhov hnyav me me, tag nrho nws ncav cuag 0.04 g. Cov xim ntawm cov kab mob parathyroid (lwm lub npe hauv cov tshuaj) qog feem ntau yog daj-xim av lossis daj ntseg xim av. Lawv nyob hauv lub npe hu ua tus kheej capsule, txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha mus rau cov thyroid caj pas. Lawv cov ntshav ncig yog nqa tawm vim lawv tus kheej ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Qhov tseeb nthuav: nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov vertebrates, lawv cov naj npawb, cov duab, thiab qhov loj yog sib txawv heev.

Parathyroid qog: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

thyroid thiab parathyroid qog
thyroid thiab parathyroid qog

Cov kab mob parathyroid muaj xws li ob hom hlwb, hu ua "lub teeb" (oxyphilic) thiab "tsaus" (lub ntsiab). Cov tom kawg no feem ntau loj dua ntawm tus lej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov qog no tau zoo nrog cov hlab ntsha, uas tso cai rau lawv kom saturated nrog oxygen. Lymphatic capillaries nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qog parathyroid feem ntau. Cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm lawv, nrog rau kev pab ntawm lub venous network, raug faib thoob plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tau kawg, lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid muaj ntau yam. Tab sis ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tswj hwm ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm phosphorus thiab calcium hauv tib neeg lub cev. Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones yog ua ncaj qha los ntawm cov qog parathyroid. Cov tshuaj hormones lawv tsim muaj ob hom:

  • calcitonin - nws yog nwstxo cov calcium hauv cov ntshav;
  • parathyroid hormone - nce qib calcium hauv cov ntshav.

Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid (lwm lub npe kho mob) yog raws li "kev tawm tswv yim" txoj kev. Tib neeg lub cev catches ntau npaum li cas calcium thiab phosphorus nws muaj. Thiab lub caj pas parathyroid, raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tswj hwm lawv qhov ntau los ntawm kev tso ib koob tshuaj ntawm ib lossis lwm yam tshuaj hormones.

Cov tshuaj hormones tsim los ntawm cov qog parathyroid

Cov qog parathyroid tsim ob yam tshuaj hormones, qhov tseem ceeb yog parathyrin (parathormone). Tom qab tag nrho, nrog nws cov kev pab, kev tswj hwm muaj zog ntawm qib calcium hauv tib neeg lub cev yog ua tiav. Cov tshuaj hormone no yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov protein, uas, dhau los, muaj cov sulfur, hlau thiab nitrogen. Nws yog secreted los ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid yam tsis nres. Parathyrin txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg lub cev pob txha.

thyroid loj
thyroid loj

Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias calcium yog khi los ntawm phosphates thiab proteins. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormone parathyrin muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub cev pob txha - pob txha resorption nrog lub hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no hu ua normalization ntawm calcium ntau ntau.

Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm parathyrin lossis nws cov teebmeem tseem ceeb

Tau kawg, yog tias cov tshuaj no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm calcium-phosphate nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, ces ob peb lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb tau pom tias yog hom hom phiaj rau nws:

  1. raum: Qee cov calcium paub tias yuav tawm ntawm tib neeg lub cev hauv cov zis. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm, uas yog vim yog cov tshuaj hormone parathyrin.
  2. Cov pob txha: normalizes cov calcium hauv nws, ua tsaug uas tib neeg lub cev pob txha muaj peev xwm txhim kho thiab loj hlob.
  3. plab hnyuv: qhov no yog qhov uas parathyrin pab calcium kom nqus tau.

Thiab, cov qog parathyroid, tsim cov tshuaj hormones parathyrin, muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev hlwb.

Kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid

cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid
cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid

Zoo li lwm yam khoom nruab nrog cev, cov ntaub so ntswg lossis tag nrho cov kab ke hauv tib neeg lub cev, lub caj pas parathyroid tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis raug. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis hyperfunction, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov mob no ntawm koj tus kheej raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee cov tsos mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum tau hu xovtooj sai sai rau cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog thiab, ntawm lawv cov lus pom zoo, ua cov kev xeem tsim nyog thiab dhau qhov kev xeem tsim nyog.

YParathyroid hypofunction

Tus kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis raug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones parathyroid uas tsim los ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid, uas yog nws qhov tsis txaus. Feem ntau, qhov no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus neeg mob cov lus tsis txaus siab txog loog loog ntawm cov ceg, ua daus no, cov leeg nqaij spasms, nkig rau tes, plaub hau, thiab lwm yam. Tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas ib tug neeg, uas yog nws cov thyroid caj pas, sau ib qho kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, kuaj ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones, kuaj zis dav dav, ECG. Feem ntau, cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia qhov tseem ceebKev hloov pauv uas yuav ua rau muaj kev txiav txim siab ntxiv thiab teem caij kho kom raug.

Hyperfunction ntawm parathyroid gland

Tus kab mob no tau nthuav tawm hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj parathyrin, uas ncaj qha tsim los ntawm cov qog parathyroid. Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm hom no (lawv tshaj) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub plab zom mov, ua rau cov pob txha nkig thiab mob pob qij txha, cuam tshuam tus txha nraub qaum thiab hauv siab, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab. Qee zaum calcium ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv lub raum ua haujlwm. Yog li, yog tias cov tsos mob saum toj no tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob endocrinologist tam sim kom sau cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog. Thiab kom paub meej tias qhov hyperfunction ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid, ultrasound, x-ray, kuaj ntshav biochemical feem ntau yog sau tseg. Raws li kev tshawb fawb, tus kws kho mob muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov tseeb.

Kev kho cov kab mob parathyroid

thyroid ua haujlwm
thyroid ua haujlwm

Tau kawg, parathyroid hypofunction yog qhov yooj yim dua rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho tau yooj yim dua. Thaum kawg, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los normalize cov calcium-phosphate muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv tib neeg lub cev, los ntawm kev noj qee yam tshuaj, noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis txwv rau lub hnub kom nqus tau cov calcium zoo dua. Kev kho mob ntawm hyperfunction ntawm lub caj pas parathyroid yog ua tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev phais. Thiab tom qab ntawd txoj kev kho nrog txoj kev tshwj xeeb twb tau sau tseg.

ntsuas tiv thaiv kab mob parathyroid

Raws li nws twb tau pom meej lawm, cov thyroid thiab cov qog parathyroid yog heevmuaj kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, lawv txoj haujlwm, nrog rau cov teeb meem hauv nws, muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ib leeg. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem nrog cov kab mob hauv lub cev hauv koj lub cev, sim ua ultrasound ntawm cov thyroid caj pas tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug rau kev tiv thaiv. Txhua tus kws tshaj lij, tau txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv me me hauv nws, yuav muab kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau koj kom tsis suav nrog ntau yam kab mob.

Nkag siab tias kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua ntawm ib qho khoom nruab nrog cev lossis lub cev hauv tib neeg lub cev ncaj qha nyob ntawm nws txoj kev ua neej. Nws noj ntau npaum li cas kom zoo thiab sib npaug, txawm tias nws coj txoj kev ua neej zoo lossis tsis ua, thiab ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv tauj cov kws kho mob uas tsim nyog tau raws sijhawm.

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