Yuav luag txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas muaj xim tawv nqaij uas tsis yog xim dub muaj tsawg kawg yog ib mole, hauv cov tshuaj hu ua melanocytic nevus xwb. Lo lus "nevus", me ntsis txawv rau Lavxias teb sab lus, yog qev los ntawm Latin thiab txhais tau tias tib lub mole los yog birthmark. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej, tsis paub yog vim li cas, cov moles tshiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los ntxuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab cov laus ploj mus rau qhov chaw. Qhov no ua rau qee tus neeg ntshai, nws ua rau tsis yooj yim rau lwm tus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov chaw tsaus ntuj pib "dho" lub hauv pliaj, qhov ntswg, thiab ob sab plhu. Wb sim saib seb moles yog dab tsi, los yog, kev tshawb fawb, nevi, lawv yog dab tsi, lawv tuaj qhov twg thiab seb nws puas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov tsos.
Nevus yog dab tsi
Hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu muaj cov hlwb tshwj xeeb - melanocytes uas tsim cov xim tsaus - melanin. Hauv cov tsiaj, nws cuam tshuam rau kev nplua, txiav txim siab xim ntawm lub qhov muag. Hauv tib neeg, nws yog melanin uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev siv tanning, uas yog, nws tiv thaiv ultraviolet thiab lwm yam kab hluav taws xob ua rau lub cev. Thaum cov xim sib npaug ntawm cov tawv nqaij, nws muaj xim sib xws, lub suab. Yog mam li nco dheev - los ntawm tsis tau paubscience rau yog vim li cas - ib tug ntau npaum li cas accumulates nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub hlwb, xws li cov cheeb tsam pib sawv tawm tsam cov keeb kwm yav dhau, uas yog, ib tug birthmark tshwm, los yog ib tug pigmented nevus. Melanocytic nevus yog tib yam. Ntau lub ntsiab lus rau tib lub tswv yim yog melanoform lossis non-cellular nevus. Cov xim ntawm cov formations txawv ntawm dub mus rau lub teeb xim av, qee zaum liab doog. Yog hais tias lub birthmark yog liab (xiav) nyob rau hauv cov xim, nws yog hu ua ib tug flaming nevus thiab yog tsim los ntawm ib tug loj tsub zuj zuj ntawm tsis pigment, tab sis capillaries uas yog heev ze rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Piv txwv li: Gorbachev, tus thawj tswj hwm kawg ntawm Soviet Union, muaj lub ntsej muag flaming ntawm nws lub taub hau thiab ib feem ntawm nws lub hauv pliaj.
Qee tus neeg yuav muaj melanocytic nevus nyob rau tib theem nrog daim tawv nqaij, thaum lwm tus protrude me ntsis saum nws qhov chaw. Daim duab saum toj no qhia tau hais tias me ntsis protruding pigmented nevus. Cov menyuam mos liab tsis tshua pom cov cim no, txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias lawv tsuas yog me me heev kom pom tau. Lawv pib tshwm sim kom meej meej qhov chaw ntawm lub hnub nyoog 9-10. Feem ntau, cov pigmented nevi yooj yim coj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem, tshwj tsis yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj.
Nyob ntawm yug
Melanocytic nevus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ob hom:
1. Congenital
Hauv qhov loj, cov xim pigmented no me me (txog 1.5 cm inch), nruab nrab (txog 10 cm) thiab loj, lossis loj (ntau tshaj 10 cm). Congenital nevi ntawm txhua qhov loj me kuj nce qhov loj me thaum tus menyuam loj hlob.txoj kab uas hla. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog sawv cev los ntawm nruab nrab nevi, loj thiab loj, vim nws yog lawv uas feem ntau degenerate mus rau malignant melanomas. Vim li cas cov me nyuam yug los nrog cov cim loj thiab loj heev, cov kws tshaj lij pom tias nws nyuaj rau hais meej. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 5% ntawm cov me nyuam yug los nrog lub nevus loj heev tsim mob qog noj ntshav hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej lossis laus dua me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, cov niam txiv uas nws cov me nyuam yug los nrog loj birthmarks yuav tsum tau tham nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias qhov loj heev nevus nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom nws discoloration nrog ib tug laser, thiab yog hais tias nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem tom kawg kuj raug pom zoo yog tias lub cim yug loj yog xim dub thiab muaj qhov sib tsoo.
2. Muas
Nyob hauv lub neej, cov hnub nyoog me me tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub cev, suav nrog tawv taub hau, qhov chaw mos, xib teg, ob txhais taw. Cov kws tshawb fawb Askiv tau pom tias muaj pes tsawg tus moles txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha pob txha los ntawm 2 zaug thiab txo qhov pom ntawm wrinkles, thiab degeneration ntawm nevi mus rau malignant melanoma yog pom nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 16% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj pigmented marks.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv txhua kis tsis tuaj yeem hais tias yog vim li cas ib tus neeg tsim muaj melanocytic nevus. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov laj thawj uas ua rau pigmentation.
Yog li, lub cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov hauv qab no tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub:
1. Intrauterine kab mob(herpes, toxoplasmosis, me pox thiab lwm yam).
2. Poj niam cev xeeb tub noj tej yam tshuaj.
3. Kev noj ntau ntxiv ntawm vitamin A.
4. Haus cawv.
5. Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv poj niam cev xeeb tub.
6. Micronutrient deficiency.
7. Keeb kwm. Feem ntau nws twb yog nyob rau hauv DNA uas ib tug melanocytic nevus yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau cov keeb kwm yug me nyuam yog tib yam ntawm tus me nyuam thiab nws niam los yog ze heev.
Acquired nevus tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
1. Cov koob tshuaj ntau ntawm ultraviolet. Tsis tu ncua tanning thiab ntau dhau tanning provoke ib qho ntxiv ntawm melanin pigment, uas ua rau tsim moles.
2. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qib hormonal. Qhov no suav nrog txhua yam mob (mob, cev xeeb tub, puberty, menopause, kev ntxhov siab, thiab lwm yam) uas pom muaj kev cuam tshuam hormonal. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau ntxiv pigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau ploj ntawm cov cim yug uas twb muaj lawm.
3. Radiation.
4. X-ray.
5. Kev raug mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau melanocytes txav los ze rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau cov pob pom ntau dua.
Kev faib cov moles
Cov npe tshuaj rau nevi qee zaum ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, txhua yam ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab muaj laj thawj. Tib neeg daim tawv nqaij muaj txheej: epidermis (ze rau saum npoo), dermis (nruab nrab, feem ntautuab) thiab hypodermis (deepest). Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm melanocytes tsub zuj zuj, cov nram qab no hom ntawm cov hnub nyoog me ntsis txawv:
- epidermal nevus (nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm daim tawv nqaij - epidermis);
- intradermal (raws li, kev sib sau ntawm melanocytes yog pom nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntxaum - lub dermis);
- ciam teb melanocytic nevus (qhov no yog qhov nce ntawm melanin ntawm cov epidermis thiab dermis);
- hypodermal (qhov chaw ntawm cov xim hauv lub hypodermis) - hom nevus xyaum tsis tshwm sim sab nraud, tab sis nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej melanocytes tuaj yeem txav los ze rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Raws li tus qauv thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cov nram qab no hom nevi yog qhov txawv:
- complex;
- atypical;
- rov qab tau;
- papillomatous melanocytic nevus;
- xiav;
- Mongolian chaw;
- plaub hau (ib los yog ntau tshaj plaub hau loj hlob los ntawm mole, feem ntau tsaus xim, tsis hais tus neeg yog blond los yog brunette).
- nevi ntawm Setton, Clark, Spitz, Cia peb mus saib qee yam.
Dab tsi yog papillomatous intradermal melanocytic pigment nevus
Lub ntsiab lus ntev thiab nyuaj me ntsis muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ib zaug. Yog li, nws twb tau sau tseg saum toj no tias cov ntsiab lus "melanocytic" thiab "pigmentary" txhais tau hais tias qhov sib xyaw ntawm melanin pigment hauv melanocytes uas tsim nws. Intradermal nevus tseem ceeb txhais tau tias qhov chaw ntawm pawgmelanocytes nyob rau hauv lub tob txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab outwardly sawv cev rau ib tug tubercle protruding saum nws nto. Nws lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog cov lus qhia "intradermal melanocytic nevus". Yog hais tias nws muaj xim nqaij tawv, thiab txawm nyob rau ntawm txhais ceg, muaj qhov zoo sib xws rau papillomas. Li no lub npe - papillomatous nevus. Xws li kev tsim tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm lub taub hau (hais plaub hau), caj dab, ntsej muag, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Lawv cov xim, ntxiv rau cov nqaij, yog xim av, xim av, xim dub, thiab cov qauv me me-hilly vaguely zoo li cauliflower. Hauv cov tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav lwm lub npe rau nws, piv txwv li, warty nevus, linear, hyperkeratotic. Muaj 2 ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv - cov organic, thaum papillomatous moles raug soj ntsuam ib leeg, thiab tshaj tawm, thaum muaj ntau yam warty tubercles. Feem ntau lawv nyob qhov twg cov ntshav thiab cov hlab ntsha loj dhau mus. Yog tias ib tug neeg muaj tus qauv zoo li no, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb, tshwj xeeb yog qaug dab peg. Txawm hais tias papillomatous intradermal melanocytic nevus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshwm sim thaum yug los, lossi loj hlob me ntsis, nws yog cais raws li ib tug benign melano-monohazardous hom pigmented formations. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yeej yuav tsum tau qhia rau tus kws kho mob dermatologist kom paub seb nws puas yog nevus, papilloma lossis melanoma. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias papillomatous mole dheev pib mob, khaus, lossis hloov xim. Thaum tsim kev kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev kuaj pom, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ua siascopy, ultrasound, biopsy.
YComplex melanocytic nevus
Cov lus txhais no yog siv thaum mole, pib hauv lub epidermis, loj hlob mus rau hauv lub dermis. Outwardly, nws zoo nkaus li me ntsis li wart, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 1 cm. Zoo li lwm hom nevi, lub complex yog suav hais tias yog benign, txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev kho mob, ntau dua 50% ntawm cov neeg mob tuaj yeem degenerate mus rau hauv melanoma.. Yog li ntawd, nws raug cais raws li melanoma-kev tsim muaj phom sij. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov qauv, ib tug complex nevus yuav du, bumpy, plaub hau, warty, thiab ntau dua tsaus nti nyob rau hauv cov xim - los ntawm xim av mus rau dub.
Atypical nevus
Nws ntseeg tau tias kwv yees li ib ntawm kaum tus neeg muaj atypical lossis dysplastic melanocytic nevus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Daim duab saum toj no qhia tias nws yuav zoo li cas. Cov cim yug tau txais lub npe no vim lawv qhov tsis sib xws, zoo li yog qhov tsis pom ntawm thaj tsam, asymmetry, qhov loj me (raws li txoj cai, lawv ntau dua 6 hli), thiab tsis sib xws rau lwm cov moles. Cov xim ntawm atypical nevi tuaj yeem sib txawv heev - los ntawm lub teeb beige lossis liab dawb rau xim av tsaus. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, muaj ib tug synonym rau no pigmented tsim - Clark lub nevus. Yog tias koj pom cov cim yug txawv txawv hauv koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj melanoma. Cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias atypical nevi nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis cov neeg uas muaj lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xim pigmented. Thaum lub neej, atypical nevi, asthiab lwm tus yuav ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej, tab sis qhov no tsis yog vim li cas thiaj li tshem tawm ib tus neeg los ntawm pawg pheej hmoo.
Recurrent nevus
Nov yog lub npe ntawm cov hnub nyoog me me uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw uas cov mole raug tshem tawm. Ib qho nevus rov tshwm sim feem ntau txhais tau tias cov ntaub so ntswg mole tsis tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thib ob.
Nevus Spitz
Qhov no yog lwm qhov pigmented tsim, vim muaj cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo rau melanoma. Xws li cov cim yug tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntau dua hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 10 xyoo, tab sis cov neeg laus kuj tsis tiv thaiv lawv. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Spitz nevus yog nws txoj kev loj hlob sai. Yog li ntawd, dheev tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsuas yog ob peb lub hlis nws tuaj yeem nce hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm ob peb millimeters mus rau ib centimeter lossis ntau dua. Lwm qhov tsis kaj siab ntawm nws yog tias nws tuaj yeem metastasize rau thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog nqaij hlav. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, Spitz's nevi yog suav tias yog benign thiab yooj yim amenable rau kev kho raws sij hawm.
Setton's nevus
Qee zaum cov cim yug tshwm sim ntawm lub cev nrog ciam teb dawb nyob ib ncig ntawm ntug. Lawv muaj ob lub npe - Setton's melanocytic nevus thiab halo nevus. Hauv qee tus neeg, cov qauv no yog ib leeg, hauv lwm tus lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ntau, thiab feem ntau yog nyob tom qab. Cov ciam teb dawb, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hlwb hauv nws raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tau ntau xyoo, Setton's nevi yuav ploj mus lossis ploj tag nrho, tawm musci qhov chaw rau kev nco. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov mob, xws li ciam teb moles tsis txaus ntshai. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias lawv lub xub ntiag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv coob, tej zaum yuav txuam nrog cov kab mob xws li vitiligo thiab thyroiditis, los yog melanoma, uas tseem tsis tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lawv tus tswv.
Nevus Becker
No birthmark zoo li tus loj melanocytic nevus nyob rau hauv nws loj. Nyob rau hauv ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg mob, xws li pigmentation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub fetus thaum tseem nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Becker's nevi yog:
- kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm lawv;
- pob liab vog rau lawv;
- qhov nce ntawm qhov loj mus txog ib qho taw tes, tom qab ntawd qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob thiab qee qhov ci ci ntawm cov xim.
Feem ntau, cov cim yug tseem nyob nrog ib tus neeg rau lub neej. Lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij, tab sis lawv cov tswv yuav tsum tau qhia rau tus kws kho mob dermatologist ib ntus.
Hnub no txaus ntshai npaum li cas
Qee tus neeg ntseeg tias moles tuaj yeem tsim mus rau hauv melanoma lossis lwm yam qog nqaij hlav tawv nqaij thaum lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog lawm. Hauv feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, ib qho kev yug me nyuam (los yog melanocytic nevus) tsis hem dab tsi. Koj yuav tsum txhawj xeeb thiab maj nrawm mus rau tus kws kho mob (dermatologist, oncologist) yog tias tam sim ntawd cov kev hloov hauv qab no pib tshwm sim nrog mole:
- nws cov xim tau hloov, txawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev twg;
- nws tau dhau los ua asymmetric (piv txwv li, convex ntawm ib sab);
- xim lossis qauv ntawm lub npoo ntawm lub cim yug tau hloov pauv;
-lub mole pib mob, khaus, los ntshav;
- qhov loj ntawm lub cim xeeb tau nce zuj zus.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yog hais tias ib tug tshiab mole txawv los ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm, los yog cov qub dheev ua ib yam dab tsi txawv, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob sai li sai tau.
Yuav ua li cas nrog moles?
Yog tias tus nevi tsis cuam tshuam rau txhua txoj hauv kev, thiab yog tias lawv nyob ntawm thaj chaw nyab xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum saib lawv. Yog tias lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem raug mob feem ntau (ntawm xib teg, taw, ntawm caj dab, ntawm lub taub hau, lub duav) lossis ntawm lub ntsej muag, uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag, nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm lawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tso siab rau cov haujlwm no tsuas yog rau cov kws kho mob - kws phais mob, kws kho mob dermatologist. Epidermal nevi raug pom zoo kom tshem tawm tsuas yog los ntawm kev phais. Nws tau ua nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, yog li nws tsis mob. Papillomatous melanocytic nevus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm txhais ceg, yog qee zaum tsim nyog tshem tawm nrog kua nitrogen. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev kho laser ntawm moles thiab lawv qhov kev txiav tawm nrog rab riam phom kuj tau siv tau zoo.
Tom qab kev phais, tus kws kho mob feem ntau xa cov khoom tshem tawm mus kuaj histological kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav.
Nws yog qhov tsis lees txais kiag li tshem tawm nevi ntawm koj tus kheej, los ntawm pej xeem txoj kev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau cov neeg sim tshem tawm papillomatous nevi ntawm ob txhais ceg los ntawm khi lawv nrog ib tug xov. Qhov no ua rau thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov ntshav mus rau mole, thiab nws tuaj yeem poob tiag tiag. Tab sis feem ntauxws li ib txoj kev "kev kho mob" provokes txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub epidermis los yog dermis thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
