Dab tsi yog biochemistry? Biological lossis physiological biochemistry yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj uas ua rau lub neej ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov uas tshwm sim hauv lub cell. Lub hom phiaj ntawm biochemistry (lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Greek lo lus "bios" - "lub neej") raws li kev tshawb fawb yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj, cov qauv thiab cov metabolism hauv cov hlwb, qhov xwm txheej thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov kev cai, lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv. txheej txheem hauv hlwb.
Kev kho mob biochemistry: lub ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb
Kev kho mob biochemistry - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib ceg ntawm biological chemistry uas kawm txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev, cov metabolism hauv nws (xws li hauv cov kab mob pathological). Tom qab tag nrho, txhua yam kab mob, txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm asymptomatic, yuav inevitably tso nws cov cim ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, cov yam ntxwv ntawm molecules, uas yuav tsum tau xav txog nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm biochemical tsom xam. Yog tsis muaj kev paub txog biochemistry, nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob thiab txoj hauv kev los kho nws kom zoo.
kuaj ntshav biochemical
Kev kuaj ntshav biochemistry yog dab tsi? Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical yog ib txoj hauv kev kuaj mob hauv ntau thaj chaw tshuaj (piv txwv li, endocrinology, kho, gynecology).
Nws pab txhawm rau kuaj tus kab mob kom raug thiab kuaj cov ntshav rau cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- alanine aminotransferase (AlAT, ALT);
- cholesterol lossis cholesterol;
- bilirubin;
- urea;
- alpha-amylase, pancreatic amylase, diastase;
- qabzib, lipase;
- aspartate aminotransferase (AST, AsAT);
- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), gamma GT (glutamyl transpeptidase);
- creatinine, protein;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus kab mob Epstein-Barr.
Rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txhua tus neeg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov ntshav biochemistry yog dab tsi, thiab kom nkag siab tias nws cov ntsuas yuav tsis tsuas yog muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho mob zoo, tab sis kuj pab tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas ib txwm yog thawj lub cim qhia tias qee yam tsis raug hauv lub cev.
ntshav chemistry rau kev kuaj lub siab: qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub hom phiaj
Dhau li ntawm, kev kuaj mob biochemical yuav tso cai rau saib xyuas cov kab mob thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob, tsim kom tiav cov duab ntawm cov metabolism, tsis muaj microelements hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, daim siab biochemistry yuav dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas rau cov neeg uas muaj lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov no yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical los kawm txog qhov ntau thiab qhov zoo ntawm daim siab enzymes. Yog hais tias lawv cov synthesis cuam tshuam, ces tus mob no hem txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, inflammatory dab.
Specific siab biochemistry
Liver biochemistry - yog dab tsi? Tib neeg lub siab yog tsim los ntawm dej, proteins,enzymes, lipids, glycogen. Nws cov ntaub so ntswg muaj cov zaub mov: tooj liab, hlau, npib tsib xee, manganese, yog li kev tshawb fawb biochemical ntawm daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam zoo heev. Cov enzymes tseem ceeb hauv lub siab yog glucokinase, hexokinase. Qhov siab tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj biochemical yog xws li daim siab enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP). Raws li txoj cai, txoj kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Txhawm rau saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab ua tiav, txhua tus yuav tsum paub tias "kev tshuaj xyuas biochemistry" yog dab tsi.
Kev tshawb fawb hauv biochemistry thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhais lus kom raug
biochemistry kawm dab tsi? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov txheej txheem metabolic, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tes, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzymes, vitamins, acids. Nws tuaj yeem ntsuas cov ntshav suav raws li qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog yog tias qhov ntsuas tau raug txiav txim raug raug. Yog tias txhua yam zoo, tom qab ntawd cov ntshav suav rau ntau qhov tsis sib xws (qib qabzib, protein, ntshav enzymes) yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txawv ntawm cov qauv. Txwv tsis pub, qhov no yuav tsum raug suav tias yog lub teeb liab ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Deciphering biochemistry
Yuav ua li cas txiav cov lej hauv cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam? Hauv qab no yog cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam ntshav biochemistry raws li cov cim tseem ceeb.
YGlucose
qib qabzib qhia tau hais tias qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm carbohydrate metabolism. Tus ciam teb ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5.5 mmol / l. Yog qib qis duaTom qab ntawd qhov no yuav qhia txog ntshav qab zib, kab mob endocrine, teeb meem siab. Cov piam thaj nce siab tuaj yeem yog vim ntshav qab zib, kev tawm dag zog, tshuaj hormonal.
YProtein
Cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus protein hauv cov ntshav yog 65-85 g / l. Cov txiaj ntsig qis qhia tau hais tias ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum, daim siab, kab mob ntev, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, lub cev qhuav dej. Cov qib protein ntau yog lub teeb liab ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
Cholesterol Nyob
Cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav yog 2, 97-8, 79 mmol / l. Nws qib, txawm tias tus neeg noj qab haus huv, nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, kev ua si ntawm lub cev, thiab qee zaum lub caij. Cov roj (cholesterol) siab qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha, kab mob plawv.
Urea
Nov yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom kawg ntawm cov protein tawg. Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg noj qab haus huv, nws yuav tsum tau tag nrho tawm ntawm lub cev nrog zis. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, thiab nws nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ces yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub raum ua haujlwm.
Hmoglobin
Nov yog cov protein nyob hauv cov qe ntshav liab uas ua rau cov hlwb ntawm lub cev muaj oxygen. Qhov hnyav: rau cov txiv neej - 130-160 g / l, rau cov ntxhais - 120-150 g / l. Qib qis ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav liab.
Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical rau cov ntshav enzymes (AlAT, AsAT, CPK, amylase)
Enzymes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm daim siab, lub plawv, lub raum, txiav txiav. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog ntawm lawv, kev sib pauv ntawm cov amino acids yog yooj yim ua tsis tau.
Tus qauv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim siab enzyme alanine aminotransferase (AlAT, ALT) yog 41 units / l rau txiv neej, txog 31.units/l rau poj niam. Cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv qhia tias ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub plawv, daim siab, tej zaum yuav kis kab mob siab.
Qib ntawm aspartate aminotransferase (AST, AST - cellular enzyme ntawm lub plawv, ob lub raum, siab) yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 41 thiab 31 units / l rau cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam, feem. Txwv tsis pub, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob siab, kab mob plawv.
Lipase (ib qho enzyme uas zom cov rog) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov metabolism thiab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 190 units / l. Qib siab qhia tias ua txhaum ntawm lub txiav.
Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm biochemical tsom xam rau cov ntshav enzymes. Dab tsi yog biochemistry thiab nws tshawb nrhiav, txhua tus neeg uas mob siab rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum paub.
Amylase
Qhov enzyme no pom muaj nyob hauv pancreas thiab qaub ncaug. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rhuav tshem cov carbohydrates thiab lawv qhov nqus. Nquag - 28-100 units / l. Nws cov ntsiab lus siab hauv cov ntshav yuav qhia tau tias lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, cholecystitis, ntshav qab zib mellitus, peritonitis.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical tau sau tseg hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb, uas qhia txog qib ntawm cov tshuaj. Feem ntau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tau muab sau ua ib qho ntxiv los qhia meej txog qhov kev kuaj mob. Thaum deciphering cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry, nco ntsoov tias lawv tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm tus neeg mob poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog thiab kev ua neej. Tam sim no koj paub tias kev tshawb fawb biochemistry thiab yuav txhais li cas kom raug nws cov txiaj ntsig.
Yuav ua li cas npaj kom zoo rau kev pub ntshav rau biochemistry?
Raws li txoj cai, ntshav biochemistry raug pom zoo kom noj yog tias kws kho mob xav tiasMuaj:
- kab mob mob ntawm lub cev sab hauv;
- intoxication;
- beriberi;
- cov txheej txheem inflammatory;
- rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub;
- kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob.
ntshav rau kev tshuaj xyuas thaum sawv ntxov, thiab koj noj tsis tau ua ntej tuaj ntsib kws kho mob. Txwv tsis pub, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam yuav raug cuam tshuam. Kev tshawb fawb biochemical yuav qhia tias koj cov metabolism thiab cov ntsev hauv lub cev yog li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob haus cov tshuaj yej qab zib, kas fes, mis nyuj tsawg kawg ib teev lossis ob zaug ua ntej kuaj ntshav.
Nco ntsoov teb koj cov lus nug txog biochemistry dab tsi ua ntej kev xeem. Paub txog cov txheej txheem thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb yuav pab koj txheeb xyuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho mob.
Yuav ua li cas ntshav coj mus rau biochemistry?
Cov txheej txheem luv luv thiab yuav luag tsis mob. Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zaum (qee zaum lawv muab pw rau ntawm lub rooj zaum), tus kws kho mob muab ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, tom qab siv lub tourniquet. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau kho nrog antiseptic. Cov qauv coj los muab tso rau hauv lub raj tsis muaj menyuam thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj xyuas.
Kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb biochemical yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau theem:
- preanalytical (kev npaj tus neeg mob, kuaj, thauj mus rau qhov chaw kuaj);
- analytical (biomaterial processing thiab cia, dosing, tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshwm sim tsom xam);
- post-analytical (sau rau hauvdaim ntawv nrog cov txiaj ntsig, kuaj thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, xa mus rau tus kws kho mob).
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm biochemistry nyob ntawm qhov ua tau ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb xaiv, kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kuaj, qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas, cov cuab yeej siv, kev ua kom huv ntawm cov tshuaj reagents, ua raws li kev noj haus.
YBiochemistry rau plaub hau
Cov plaub hau biochemistry yog dab tsi? Biowave yog ib txoj hauv kev ntev curling ntawm curls. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa perm thiab biowave yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, tsis txhob siv hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, thioglycolic acid. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuaj nquag yog ua si los ntawm ib qho analogue ntawm cystine (biological protein). Nov yog lub npe ntawm txoj kev txiav plaub hau los ntawm.
Undoubted zoo muaj xws li:
- sparing kev ua ntawm cov plaub hau qauv;
- qhov muag plooj ntawm cov plaub hau rov ua dua thiab biowaved;
- cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem rov ua dua yam tsis tau tos qhov kawg ploj ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig.
Tab sis ua ntej mus rau tus tswv, cov nuances hauv qab no yuav tsum tau xav txog:
- biowave thev naus laus zis yog qhov nyuaj, thiab koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv tus tswv;
- cov nyhuv yog luv luv, txog 1-4 lub hlis (tshwj xeeb ntawm cov plaub hau uas tsis tau permed, dyed, muaj cov qauv ntom);
- biowave tsis pheej yig (qhov nruab nrab 1500-3500 rubles).
Txoj Kev Biochemistry
Dab tsi yog biochemistry thiab siv txoj hauv kev twg los tshawb fawb? Lawv txoj kev xaiv nyob ntawm nws lub hom phiaj thiab cov haujlwm uas tus kws kho mob tau teem tseg. Lawv tau tsim los kawm txog cov qauv biochemicalcov hlwb, tshuaj xyuas cov qauv rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab yog li pab kuaj tus kab mob, nrhiav kom paub qhov zoo ntawm kev rov zoo, thiab lwm yam.
- Chromatography (tus qauv muaj nyob rau hauv kev faib khoom ntawm ob theem: txawb thiab nyob ruaj ruaj).
- Centrifugation (cov khoom siv biomaterial tau muab tso rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb centrifuge cais cov ntshav los ntawm cov qe ntshav liab).
- Electrophoresis (txoj kev tso cai siv tam sim no los faib cov ntshav cov ntshav proteins).
- Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov protein hauv cov ntshav ntshav los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv biuret (cov protein tau raug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov complex compound, uas stains cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv ntshav).
- Enzymatic (urease) txoj hauv kev rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm urea (lub enzyme urease yog siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent). Lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev yog tias nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm urease, urea tau tawg mus kom tau txais ammonia, thiab tom qab ntawd tus kws pab kuaj ntsuas nws cov concentration.
- Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (siv cov enzymes xws li superoxide dismutase (SOD) ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm oxygen molecule ions nrog cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, uas tso cai rau koj los kawm cov cell metabolism thiab cov concentration ntawm cov enzymes hauv cov ntshav).
Biochemistry yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas zoo tshaj plaws rau kev qhia meej, kuaj xyuas, saib xyuas kev kho mob, txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob zoo.
