Prolactin (luteotropic) yog ib yam tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm adenohypophysis. Cov tshuaj muaj ntau hom uas nws muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Ib daim ntawv ntawm luteotropic hormone yog macroprolactin. Nws yog dab tsi, nws lub luag haujlwm thiab cov khoom yog dab tsi, peb yuav xav txog ntxiv.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm prolactin
Cov tshuaj hormones muaj cov protein zoo li prolactin thiab suav tias yog cov tshuaj peptide. Nws cov cuab yeej yog raws li kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yug me nyuam, thiab cov kabmob uas yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua yog cov qog mammary.
Receptors uas teb rau prolactin tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias lawv teb li cas rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal. Cov rhiab heev receptors muaj nyob rau hauv cov kabmob hauv qab no:
- spleen;
- light;
- thymus;
- siab;
- pancreas;
- raum;
- mob plab thiab zes qe menyuam;
- tawv.
Cov tshuaj hormones muaj nyob hauv cov ntshavtib neeg nyob rau hauv peb hom: 85% ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug monomer, 10% yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dimer, thiab tsuas yog 5% yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm macroprolactin.
YProlactin muaj nuj nqi
Lub ntsiab "txoj haujlwm" ntawm cov tshuaj hormone yog nce thiab tswj kom muaj cov kua mis txaus thaum lub sijhawm pub niam mis. Thaum cev xeeb tub, theem txaus ntawm prolactin yog txhawb los ntawm kev sib deev cov tshuaj hormones estrogen. Tom qab yug menyuam, cov tshuaj estrogen poob qis heev.
Lub sijhawm no, kev tsim tawm ntawm prolactin tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov mechanoreceptors ntawm lub txiv mis. Tus me nyuam, nrog nws nquag nqus ntawm lub mis, provokes kev tso tawm ntawm oxytocin, uas pab txhawb rau kev tso tawm ntawm cov mis nyuj. Qhov ntawd yog, prolactin txhawb kev tsim cov mis nyuj thiab nws cov khoom txuam hauv lub mis, tab sis oxytocin yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kua mis tso.
Qhov kev ua ntawm prolactin thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem pom pom ntawm tus menyuam mos. Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov tshuaj hormone tawm ib qho imprint rau tus me nyuam. Ob peb hnub tom qab yug me nyuam, kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kua mis tawm ntawm tus menyuam lub hauv siab, uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv thiab ploj ntawm nws tus kheej thaum thawj lub lim tiam ntawm lub neej.
Lwm yam khoom ntawm luteotropic hormone:
- ovulation inhibition;
- ncua sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm muaj nyob ntawm lub cev luteum;
- tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub;
- me me cov nyhuv analgesic;
- kev koom tes hauv kev tsim cov surfactant;
- ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub embryo;
- kev koom tes hauv kev muab orgasm.
Kev txhim kho mechanismPathology
Hauv lub cev ntawm tus txiv neej noj qab haus huv thiab tus poj niam cev xeeb tub uas tsis muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, kev tsim cov prolactin yog inhibited los ntawm cov tshuaj nquag dopamine. Nws yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob pathological, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub caj pas pituitary thiab hypothalamus, vim tias cov hlwb ntawm adenohypophysis synthesize luteotropic hormone thiab nws qib nce hauv cov ntshav ntshav..
YMacroprolactin - yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv hnyav molecular ntawm prolactin. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev me me. Qhov peculiarity ntawm daim ntawv yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormonally active nrog ib tug immunoglobulin.
Prolactin thiab macroprolactin nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj qhov kev cai yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating nkaus xwb. Tag nrho lwm cov xwm txheej raug suav hais tias yog pathological.
Macroprolactin, uas muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular, nyhav rau hauv lub cev. Lwm hom luteotropic hormone raug tso tawm sai dua vim qhov hnyav molecular.
Macroprolactin, tus qauv uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no, muaj kev ua haujlwm lom neeg tsawg, uas txhais tau hais tias lub cev yuav tsis hnov mob rau cov kev hloov me me hauv nws cov ntsuas. Daim duab kho mob me me los yog nrog rau kev coj khaub ncaws tsis xwm yeem, uas tsis yog qhov qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm pathology.
Cov neeg sawv cev txiv neej kuj tsim cov tshuaj no. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov spermatozoa, lawv cov haujlwm thiab kev sib txuastestosterone. Hauv cov txiv neej, cov qib macroprolactin qis dua cov poj niam.
Kev tshuaj xyuas los kawm txog qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, nrog rau nws cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab muaj nuj nqis, raug sau rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev xeeb tub mus ntev rau kev kuaj mob.
YHypermacroprolactinemia
Yog tias macroprolactin nce siab, ces tus mob no hu ua hypermacroprolactinemia. Cov kab mob no tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav thiab cov pob txha pob txha piv rau lub xeev ntawm qib nce ntawm cov prolactin ib txwm.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov poj niam uas tsis pub noj mis qhia tau tias ua txhaum txoj haujlwm ntawm lub cev hypothalamic-pituitary. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm macroprolactin tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li dysmenorrhea, qee zaum txawm ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus.
YProlactinoma
Lo lus "prolactinoma" yog ib qho kev tsim kho ntawm lub caj pas pituitary, uas yog qhov tsim ntawm cov tshuaj luteotropic. Adenomas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam thiab txiv neej. Lub etiology ntawm cov tsos ntawm prolactinoma tseem tsis tau elucidated. Muaj cov kev xav txog keeb kwm yav dhau los, nrog rau cov qog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm nrog pathologies ntawm lwm yam kabmob ntawm cov kab mob endocrine.
Muab faib ob hom neoplasms raws li lawv qhov loj thiab thaj chaw:
- intrasellar tsis ntev dhau ntawm lub eeb Turkish thiab muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 10 hli;
- extrasellar ncua dhau lub eeb Turkish thiab muaj txoj kab uas hla ntau dua 10 hli.
Ntxiv rau cov tsos mob tseem ceeb thiab kev tshwm sim tawm tsam cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau sau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau prolactin thiab macroprolactin, muaj ntau lwm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob:
- narrowing of visual fields;
- txo qis hauv qhov pom kev pom;
- ob lub zeem muag;
- tsis muaj peev xwm siv lub zeem muag peripheral;
- mob taub hau;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- kev ntxhov siab thiab chim siab;
- mob hnyav, dig muag tag nrho.
Ntxiv rau kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob, CT thiab MRI ntawm lub hlwb, kev sim tshuaj stimulation (hormonal) thiab densitometry (kev ntsuam xyuas cov pob txha ntom ntom siv rau kev sib txawv) yog siv los kuaj qhov tseeb.
Kev kuaj mob nta
Kev tshuaj xyuas rau macroprolactin - nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib txoj kev kuaj mob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv immunochemiluminescent, uas tau muab rau txhua tus neeg mob uas muaj qib prolactin hauv lub cev.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab. Thaum nws ua tiav, cov khoom luminescent yog "txuas" rau cov tshuaj hormone molecules, uas, los ntawm kev khi rau prolactin, teeb pom kev thaj chaw nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Cov qib ci yog ntsuas nrog luminometers - cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb portable.
Quantitative indicators of macroprolactin yog txiav txim siab siv polyethylene glycol. Lawv ua cov deposition ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv complexes. Yog tias tom qab cov txheej txheem no tsawg dua 40% ntawm theem ntawm tag nrhoCov tshuaj hormone luteotropic, qhov no yog pov thawj tias cov khoom siv kuaj muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm macroprolactin.
Kev kuaj mob
Muaj ntau cov xwm txheej uas cov kws tshaj lij tau sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj nuj nqis ntawm prolactin thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv. Kev tshuaj xyuas rau macroprolactin yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- galactorrhea - txawv txav ntawm cov kua mis los yog colostrum;
- qhov muaj ntawm prolactinomas - cov qog ntawm adenohypophysis uas ua ke ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal;
- ntse tsis pom kev;
- kev muaj menyuam;
- tsis coj khaub ncaws ntau tshaj rau lub hlis;
- uterine los ntshav ntawm tsis paub etiology;
- Kev tshawb fawb ntawm pituitary pathology;
- tsis tu ncua ovulation;
- osteoporosis;
- mastopathy;
- ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho prolactin.
Tus qauv ntawm cov ntsuas hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv
Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj prolactin (qhov tshwm sim hauv µIU / ml):
- txiv neej txoj cai - 44, 5-375;
- female norm - 59-619;
- postmenopause - 38-430;
- moob me nyuam - 205, 5-4420.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm macroprolactin tau txhais raws li hauv qab no:
- tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm macroprolactin;
- macroprolactin tsis pom;
- Tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm macroprolactin yog qhov tsis ntseeg.
qhov txiaj ntsig zoo
Hypermacroprolactinemia yog txiav txim siab tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- neoplasms ntawm hypothalamus;
- qog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub caj pas pituitary;
- pathology ntawm cov thyroid caj pas (txo qis hauv hormonal secretion);
- polycystic zes qe menyuam;
- raum tsis ua haujlwm;
- kab mob siab;
- kev txawv txav ntawm cov qog adrenal, adrenal tsis txaus;
- Ysystemic lupus erythematosus;
- mob caj dab rheumatoid;
- Ypyridoxine hypovitaminosis.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm macroprolactin kuj txhais tau tias tus neeg mob yuav tau noj tshuaj ntev.
qib Hormonal cuam tshuam los ntawm:
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- neuroleptics;
- diuretic;
- antihypertensives;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab;
- antiemetic hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab siv sijhawm ntev.
Txo nqi
Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, macroprolactin, tus qauv ntawm cov poj niam uas txawv nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej, tej zaum yuav qis dua qib zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig no yog qhov raug rau cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- pituitary infarction tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev poob ntshav loj thaum yug menyuam;
- cev xeeb tub (ntau tshaj 41-42 lub lis piam);
- siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qaug dab peg, Calcitonin, cov tshuaj hormones, Morphine, Rifampicin, Nifedipine.
Leej twg xaiv txoj kev kawm thiab coj mus qhov twg
NyobTxoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob nqaim: gynecologist, urologist lossis endocrinologist. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no raug coj mus kuaj hauv cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb lossis cov chaw npaj tsev neeg. Cov ntshav venous yog xav tau rau kev kuaj mob.
Rau cov txiaj ntsig kom raug, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev sim rau macroprolactin:
- Tsis kam noj 12 teev ua ntej xa khoom.
- Tsis txhob siv tshuaj estrogen thiab androgen-based rau ob peb hnub ua ntej noj. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas muab kev xa mus yuav tsum qhia rau tus neeg mob txog qhov no.
- Tsis pub dhau 24 teev, tsis txhob noj tshuaj kiag li.
- Rau ob peb hnub ua ntej kev tshuaj xyuas, tsis suav nrog kev ua lub cev thiab tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab.
- Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus luam yeeb rau hnub xeem.
Zoo kawg
Ib hom tshuaj luteotropic yog macroprolactin. Dab tsi yog nws, dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ntau qhov ntsuas - cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau txhua tus khub niam txiv uas xav los ua niam txiv yav tom ntej lossis tab tom tab tom npaj lub tswv yim.
