Kev kuaj ntshav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhia txog kev kuaj mob thawj zaug. Raws li nws cov txiaj ntsig, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev, ua, lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob, txiav txim siab theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab kho cov kev kho mob, txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones rau lawv qhov kev hloov kho ntxiv. Kev kuaj ntshav, hom uas paub rau txhua tus kws kho mob, yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg mob, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv tag nrho uas tau teem caij mus kuaj mob ib xyoos ib zaug (hauv kindergartens thiab tsev kawm ntawv, tom hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. tub rog). Yog li ntawd, tej zaum tsis muaj ib tus neeg hauv peb lub tebchaws uas tsis tau ntsib cov duab tsis meej thiab txaus ntshai me ntsis hauv cov lus nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam.
kuaj ntshav: hom
Muaj ntau qhov kev kuaj ntshav sib txawv:
- Nyobcov tshuaj hormones.
- rau qab zib.
- tshuaj ntsuam tsis haum.
- Immunological.
- Oncomarkers.
- Kev lees paub ntawm cev xeeb tub thiab lwm yam.
Pib nrog, cia peb xav txog ob qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis nkag siab kev tshuaj ntsuam rau tus neeg mob yooj yim:
- YBiochemical.
- Clinical (General/Detailed).
YBiochemistry
Ua ntej peb paub cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical hauv cov neeg laus, cov lus uas yuav muab hauv qab no, cia peb txheeb xyuas seb nws yog dab tsi.
Kev xa mus rau biochemistry yog tib daim ntawv uas cov kws kho mob muab tawm txhua hnub hauv pawg. Nws raug sau tseg raws li kev npaj rau txhua tus neeg mob ib xyoos ib zaug txhawm rau saib xyuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv thiab tom qab muaj mob hnyav, nrog rau txhua tus neeg uas tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob.
ntshav tsuas yog coj los ntawm cov leeg leeg xwb (feem ntau nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub luj tshib, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev xaiv los ntawm cov leeg ntawm tes, ko taw, sab ceg) thiab ib txwm thaum sawv ntxov, ntawm plab khoob. Tom qab cov txheej txheem, cov hlab ntsha raug xa mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb. Cov qhabnias xeem feem ntau yog npaj rau hnub tom ntej.
Cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical hauv cov neeg laus: rooj
| Indicator | Unit of ntsuas | qis qis ntawm qhov qub | Upper limit of normal |
| qab zib / qabzib | Ymmol/L | 3,3 | 5, 5 |
| Urea | Ymmol/L | 2,5 | 8, 3 |
| Non-protein ntshav nitrogen (residual) | Ymmol/L | 14, 3 | 28, 6 |
| Ymicromoles/L | 44 | 106 | |
| Cov lipids feem ntau | g/l | 4 | 8 |
|
Cholesterol Nyob |
Ymmol/L | 3,6 | 7,8 |
| Low Density Lipoprotein, LDL / LDL Cholesterol | Ymmol/L |
men: 2, 02 poj niam: 1, 92 |
men: 4, 79 pojniam: 4, 51 |
| High Density Lipoprotein, HDL / HDL Cholesterol | Ymmol/L |
txiv neej: 0, 72 poj niam: 0, 68 |
men: 1, 63 poj niam: 2, 28 |
| Atherogenic coefficient | 0 | 3 | |
| YTriglycerides | Ymmol/L |
men: 0, 61 poj niam: 0, 45 |
men: 3, 62 pojniam: 1,99 |
| phospholipids | Ymmol/L | 2,51 | 2,92 |
| Bilirubin | µmol/liter | 8,5 | 20, 55 |
| YProtein | g/l | 65 | 85 |
| Albumin | g/l | 35 | 50 |
| AST (aspartate aminotransferase) | IU/L | 10 | 38 |
| ALT (alanine aminotransferase) | IU/L | 7 | 41 |
| YGamma-glutamyltranspeptidase | µmol/L |
men: 15 pojniam: 10 |
men: 106 pom: 66 |
| Alkaline Phosphatase | IU/L | 20 | 140 |
| Ymmol/L | 2, 15 | 2, 50 | |
| Potassium | Ymmol/L | 3,5 | 5, 5 |
| Sodium | Ymmol/L | 136 | 145 |
| Chlorine | Ymmol/L | 98 | 107 |
| Iron | µmol/L |
men: 11, 64 poj niam: 8, 95 |
men: 30, 43 poj niam: 30, 43 |
Vim kev lag luam hauv peb lub tsev kho mob hauv nroog, cov kws kho mob feem ntau tsis xav tias nws yuav tsum tau xa cov neeg mob mus rau qhov kev lees paub ua tiav tag nrho, thiab tom qab ntawd qee hom kev kuaj ntshav biochemical tau tsim, ntawm cov lus qhia uas tsuas yog qee tus yam ntxwv. yuav tau highlight.
Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg mob yws txog qhov teeb meem ntawm daim siab, ntshav yuav raug muab los ntawm nws rau bilirubin (tag nrho) thiab tag nrho cov protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-GTP, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase.
Yog tus kws kho mob xav tias tus neeg mob muaj ntshav qab zib, nws yuav ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb biochemical rau qab zib (glucose) kom paub meej lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev xav.
Cov neeg mob sib txawv thiab tus kws kho mob paub txog, yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ncaj qha ntawm tus kab mob, yuav tsis nkim tus neeg mob cov nyiaj thiab cov peev txheej hauv tsev kho mob tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab tag nrho, ob peb zaug hauv ib xyoos nws tsis tas yuav ua kom tiav kev kuaj ntshav, yam tsis muaj qhov qhia tshwj xeeb.
CBC
Nov yog lub npe tshuaj ntsuam ntshav, hom yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum lub plab khoob xwb (tsis hais seb cov ntshav yuav coj los ntawm tus ntiv tes lossis los ntawm txoj hlab ntshav).
Hnub no, kev ntsuas hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua tiav, ntawm cov ntsuas hematological tshwj xeeb.
Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj ntshavyog:
- Hemoglobin yog ib feem ntawm erythrocyte uas thauj oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob. Kev txo qis ntawm hemoglobin ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj oxygen. Cov qauv rau cov poj niam yog 120-140 grams / l, rau cov txiv neej - 135-160 grams / l.
- Leukocytes (ntau). Leukocytes yog cov qe ntshav uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv kab mob, antigens, thiab qog hlwb. Nqe: (4 - 9)109/l.
- ESR yog qhov qhia txog kab mob hauv lub cev. Hauv cov poj niam, txog li 12 hli / h yog suav tias yog tus qauv, rau cov txiv neej - txog li 8 hli / h;
- Hematocrit - cov qe ntshav liab. Yog tias hematocrit nce siab, erythrocytosis lossis leukemia yuav raug xav tias. Yog tias txo qis - ntshav qab zib, hyperhydration, cev xeeb tub. Cov qauv rau cov poj niam yog 0, 360-0, 460 l / l, rau cov txiv neej 0, 400-0, 480 l / l;
- Erythrocytes (quantity). Kev nce ntawm cov qe ntshav liab tuaj yeem qhia tau tias ntshav txhaws, neoplasms, kab mob raum. Kev txo qis - hais txog ntshav poob, anemia, cev xeeb tub, thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv rau cov txiv neej yog (4-5, 15)10 12 l, rau cov poj niam - (3, 7-4, 7) 10 12 l.
Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem kuaj ntshav
Yuav teb cov lus nug seb qhov kev kuaj ntshav yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab tias cov ntshav yog dab tsi thiab nws yog dab tsi.
Ntshav yog cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, muaj cov ntshav (cov kua dej) thiab cov hlwb (leukocytes, erythrocytes thiab platelets). Nws circulates los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub plawv contractions thiab nourishes tag nrho cov kabmob ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Ntshav yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus neeg txhawm rau:
- Nqa cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau lub ntsws thiab oxygen rov qab.
- Xa cov khoom noj rau cov nqaij mos.
- Regulate lub cev kub.
- Hloov cov khoom pov tseg thiab cov khoom tsis zoo rau lub raum thiab lub ntsws kom lawv tshem tawm hauv lub cev tom qab.
- Los ntawm kev hloov cov tshuaj hormones, txuas txhua lub cev thiab lub cev;
- Kev tiv thaiv lub cev.
- Ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb hauv lub cev.
- Ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm, ua rau lawv nruj ntawm lub siab.
Yog li, peb nkag siab tias cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem tham txog ntau yam teeb meem hauv lub cev: txog kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev, txhua lub cev ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav raws sijhawm, hom uas tus kws kho mob yuav xaiv, thiab daws qhov teeb meem no.
Yuav Thyroid Hormone
Tam sim no, yuav luag txhua tus neeg thib tsib ntawm peb lub tebchaws loj tuaj yeem pom qee yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cuam tshuam hauv cov thyroid caj pas. Yog tias tus kws kho mob xav tias hloov pauv thaum kuaj, tus neeg mob yuav raug xa mus rau kev kuaj ultrasound (ultrasound) ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, nrog rau kev kuaj ntshav rau TSH (rau cov thyroid-stimulating hormone). Tom qab tag nrho, kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev no ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus, muaj libido, teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, ua kom nrawm dua thiab ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov txheej txheem sib kis hauv lub cev.
Kev qhia txog kev pub ntshav rau cov thyroid hormones
Lawv yog:
- Nyob hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj iodine.
- Tom qab kev kho mob phais.
- Rau teeb meem xeeb tub thiab yug me nyuam.
- Thaum siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev yug menyuam (TSH tswj ib xyoos ib zaug).
Yog hais tias yav dhau los txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub caj pas, txhawm rau tswj cov kab mob thiab xaiv cov tshuaj.
Aberrations nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no yuav qhia tau hais tias muaj teeb meem xws li:
- Hypothyroidism (tso thyroid function).
- Hyperthyroidism (nce caj pas ua haujlwm).
Kev sib txawv me me los ntawm cov qauv kuaj pom nyob rau lub sijhawm yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho mob zoo, thiab cov kab mob loj thiab kuaj pom lig tuaj yeem xav tau kev kho mob phais. Yog tias tus neeg mob pom tias muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov thyroid-stimulating hormone, nws tau sau ib qho ultrasound ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab, feem ntau yuav, txoj kev kho cov tshuaj hormone hloov mus rau lub neej.
YTyrotropic hormone norm
Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob thiab tswj cov kab mob, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntshav rau TSH tau sau tseg, uas suav nrog:
- Free T3 (ib qho tshuaj hormone uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau oxygen metabolism). Norm - 2, 6-5, 7 pmol / l.
- Free T4 (ib yam tshuaj hormones lub luag haujlwm rau cov metabolism hauv protein). Raws li cov cai, 9-22 mmol / l.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau thyroglobulin protein (kom tswj cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune). Ib txwm - mus txog 18 units / ml.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob haus cawv, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj ua ntej noj ntshav rau TSH cov tshuaj hormonescov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj hormones. Nws tseem yuav tsum txwv tsis pub ua lub cev thiab tso tseg haus ib hnub.
ntshav txhaws
Nws tshwm sim tias thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob niaj hnub lossis thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, kuaj pom qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav ntom ntom. Yog tias qhov kev ua txhaum cai no raug kuaj pom thaum kuaj biochemical, tus kws kho mob yuav muab xa mus rau kev kuaj ntshav coagulation ntxiv. Lub npe ntawm nws scientifically koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov - coauhologram.
Kuj qhia rau kev tshuaj xyuas yog:
- Qhia txog kev los ntshav ntev, bruising txawm tias los ntawm me ntsis siab.
- kev ua haujlwm tom ntej.
- Kab mob plawv, siab, hlab ntsha.
- Kev cev xeeb tub.
- Txo kev tiv thaiv.
Kev tsom xam Coagulation suav nrog ntau txheej ntsuas:
| Indicator | Norma |
| YProthrombin index | 12-20 sec. |
| APTV | 38-55 sec. |
| Plasma fibrinogen | 2.0-3.5g/L |
| thrombin time | 11-17, 8 secs |
| Plasma recalcification | 60-120 sec. |
| Heparin kam rau | 3-11 mins |
| ntshav txhaws ntshav | ntawm 44% rau 65% |
Yog tias ib tug neeg raug kuaj ntshav, koj tsis tuaj yeem nco ntsoov nws hu ua. Txhua tus neeg mob tau txais kev xa mus tshwj xeeb, uas yuav qhia lub sijhawm, lub npe ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab cov kev cai tsim nyog rau nws tus cwj pwm, nyob ntawmKev kuaj mob xav tau:
- Los ntawm tus ntiv tes, cov khoom siv los ntsuas cov ntshav capillary.
- Cov ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntsuas ntshav venous.
Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, zoo li ntau lwm tus, yuav tsum tau noj ntawm lub plab khoob.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam rau poj niam cov tshuaj hormones
Zoo hormonal keeb kwm yav dhau yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Nws yog nws uas nyob ntawm ib txwm pw tsaug zog, noj qab nyob zoo, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm lub cev. Kev kawm txog keeb kwm hormonal yog tsim nyog rau cov poj niam uas muaj cov tsos mob xws li:
- Insomnia.
- Nyhav nce lossis poob hnyav heev.
- kev coj khaub ncaws tsis xwm yeem.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Thaum hormonal imbalance tshwm sim, cov poj niam muaj teeb meem ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev xeeb tub (xws li fibroids, cysts, polycystic kab mob), kev puas siab puas ntsws, rog / emaciation, kev coj khaub ncaws los yog cessation, infertility, txiv neej hom plaub hau. kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab ntau dua.
Yog li, kuaj ntshav rau poj niam txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones suav nrog:
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
- YProlactin.
- YLuteinizing hormone.
- Estriol.
- YProgesterone.
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
- YDHEA sulfate.
Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qib ntawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones txawv txav, nyob ntawm theem ntawm lub voj voog, yog li koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia ua ntej pub ntshav. Txhua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam rau cov tshuaj hormones yeej ib txwm noj ntawm lub plab khoob, 1-2 teev tom qab sawv.
txiv neejpoj niam txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones
- Testosterone.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam rau txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones tuaj yeem sau rau tus txiv neej thiab poj niam. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias nws yog androgens uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyiam (libido) hauv ob leeg poj niam thiab txiv neej. Tshwj xeeb, testosterone kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog sebaceous, cov leeg, thiab lub hlwb.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov androgens rau txiv neej thiab poj niam yog noj txhua hnub thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob.
