Thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus: ua rau, tsos mob, qib, kho, tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus: ua rau, tsos mob, qib, kho, tiv thaiv
Thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus: ua rau, tsos mob, qib, kho, tiv thaiv

Video: Thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus: ua rau, tsos mob, qib, kho, tiv thaiv

Video: Thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus: ua rau, tsos mob, qib, kho, tiv thaiv
Video: Моя работа наблюдать за лесом и здесь происходит что-то странное 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub caj pas thymus yog hu ua lub hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau lub caj pas uas ua rau lub cev tsis pub lwm tus paub. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov hlwb progenitor tig mus rau T-lymphocytes, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam hauv cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, hais txog 20 yam khoom yog secreted los ntawm lub caj pas no raws li ib tug zais cia. Qhov no suav nrog ntau yam tshuaj hormones thiab cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov metabolism hauv ib txwm.

Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm thymus tau ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, txij li lub cev no siv ntau dua 4% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam. Kev loj hlob tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum thawj 15 xyoo ntawm tus menyuam lub neej, tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj hnub nyoog involution tau sau tseg. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub so ntswg glandular hloov mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov rog.

thymomegaly qib 3 hauv cov menyuam yaus
thymomegaly qib 3 hauv cov menyuam yaus

Yog vim li cas

Thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus, uas nws ICD-10 yog E32, txhim kho vim muaj cov txheej txheem exogenous thiab endogenous, thiab qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke. Feem ntau, qhov no pathology yog ncaj qha ntsig txognrog hnyav obstetric anamnesis ntawm leej niam. Peb tab tom tham txog kev rho menyuam tawm thiab nchuav menyuam, nrog rau kev mob toxicosis hnyav thaum cev xeeb tub thiab muaj qhov tsis sib haum Rh. Cov kws kho mob niaj hnub tsis tso tseg qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cawv ntawm lub caj pas thymus, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm thymomegaly.

menyuam mos zoo li cas?

Yog tias cov thymus tsuas loj me ntsis xwb, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim. Hauv qhov no, peb hais txog qhov loj ntawm thymus syndrome. Kev nthuav tawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tau pom nrog nce ntxiv.

Cov menyuam yaus kuaj mob thymomegaly tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv vim muaj cov yam ntxwv phenotypic:

  • lub cev puag ncig;
  • cov leeg nqaij tsis zoo;
  • ntsej muag loj heev;
  • lub qhov muag thiab plaub hau;
  • qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev sib txawv hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom xws li lub xub pwg nyom thiab hauv siab, nrog rau xib teg thiab ko taw, uas tau txias tas li;
  • ntau cov qog nqaij hlav;
  • daim tawv nqaij daj ntseg nrog cov qauv zoo li marble, me me pigmentation thiab pob khaus.

Signs

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus kabmob no muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntxiv, lawv feem ntau rog lossis rog.

mob nrog rau lwm yam kab mob. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog endocrine-metabolic pathologies uas tshwm sim lawv tus kheej li thyroid tsis ua hauj lwm los yog hypocorticism, hypoparathyroidism. Mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tsim kho. Hernias pom: inguinal lossisumbilical.

Thymomegaly yog nrog los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv siab, uas ua rau cov hlab ntsha hypotension, arrhythmias. Provoke tus kab mob thiab xws li deviations uas cuam tshuam nrog compression ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb. Nov yog thawj zaug:

  • Trachea. Hauv qhov no, muaj hnoos tas li, ua tsis taus pa, thiab ua pa nrov nrog hawb pob.
  • Npaj vagus. Nws qhov khaus ua rau bradycardia, dysphonia, vau.
  • Cov leeg caj dab o, cyanosis.

Muaj kev txhim kho ntawm qhov chaw mos. Cov menyuam ntxhais raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos hypoplasia, thaum cov tub hluas yuav muaj phimosis lossis cryptorchidism.

Adenoids thiab tonsils tau loj. SARS feem ntau tshwm sim, uas yog nrog los ntawm hnoos hnyav.

Kev kho thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus
Kev kho thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub?

Koj tuaj yeem paub thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos los ntawm cov cim hauv qab no:

  • lawv feem ntau yug los hnyav heev;
  • femoral congenital defect yuav pom;
  • hnyav tuaj yeem hloov pauv: txawm tias nws nce siab, lossis nws txo qis;
  • tag nrho cov cim ntawm rickets raug txiav txim;
  • daim tawv nqaij daj tab sis tig xiav thaum quaj;
  • rov qab ntau dhau;
  • tawm hws ntau dhau;
  • venous mesh pom hauv thaj tsam hauv siab;
  • hnoos tshwm sim tsis muaj laj thawj, yog tias tus menyuam nyob hauv txoj haujlwm kab rov tav, nws hnyav dua;
  • kub tseem nyob ntev mus txog 38 degrees;
  • muaj arrhythmia.

Tseem muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib kis kab mob, tus me nyuam qeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus, pib taug kev lig.

thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos
thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos

Yuav ua li cas qib ntawm thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam tau txiav txim siab

Hauv cov menyuam yaus endocrinology, theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thymomegaly yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb thiab los ntawm lub xeev sab nraud ntawm lub caj pas thymus, raws li cov duab hluav taws xob.

txhawm rau kuaj thymomegaly hauv tus menyuam, siv qhov ntsuas cardiothymicothoracic (CTTI). Qhov ntsuas no yuav raug suav los ntawm tus kws kho mob, raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub xov tooj cua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov sib piv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov kab mob vascular hauv thaj tsam ntawm bifurcation ntawm lub trachea mus rau qhov loj ntawm lub hauv siab kab noj hniav hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub diaphragm.

Kuj nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus endocrinology, muaj kev xaiv los txheeb xyuas theem ntawm tus kabmob, tsom mus rau thaj tsam ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub caj pas, uas tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm x-ray.

Conventionally, ib tug neeg muaj peb anatomical qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv siab. Qib ntawm thymomegaly hauv tus menyuam mob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tus menyuam lub hauv siab cuam tshuam los ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thymus caj pas.

Dab tsi ntsuas?

Cov qib hauv qab no ntawm thymus kev loj hlob yog qhov txawv:

  • 1 degree. KKTI qhov taw qhia nyob rau hauv 0, 33-0, 37 units, thymus qog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub sab sauv peb ntawm lub hauv siab.
  • 2 degree. Qhov ntsuas KKTI yog nyob rau hauv 0.37-0.42 units, lub cev occupies ib cheeb tsam ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 2/3 ntawm cov me nyuam lub hauv siab.
  • 3 degree. Qhov taw qhia KKTI yog siab dua 0.42 units, lub caj pas occupies ib cheeb tsam ntawm 2/3 los yog ntau tshaj ntawm lub hauv siab cheeb tsam.
thymomegaly 2 degrees hauv cov menyuam yaus
thymomegaly 2 degrees hauv cov menyuam yaus

Diagnosis

Ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev paub txog thymomegaly yog kev tshawb fawb siv X-ray kuaj thiab ultrasound. Kev tshuaj xyuas, palpation thiab percussion yog siv nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev kuaj mob. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog qhov kev paub ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Thaum tsim thymomegaly siv kev kuaj X-ray, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias tus qauv duab ntxoov ntxoo pom ntawm thymus tsis mus dhau qhov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm tus me nyuam lub plawv thiab vascular pob. Qhov xwm txheej no siv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog sib txawv.

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia txog qhov txwv qhov hnyav thiab ntim ntawm thymus, mus dhau qhov uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm thymomegaly. Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, cov lus qhia no tau tsim los ntawm kev siv ultrasound, thaum lub sijhawm kev kawm yog lub caj pas thymus, lub plab hnyuv thiab cov qog adrenal. Ib qho ultrasound ntawm thymus txiav txim siab qib ntawm tus kab mob.

Tib lub sijhawm, kev kuaj ntshav kuaj tau ua rau ntau dhau ntawm cov qauv ntawm T-lymphocytes, cov tshuaj hormones, cardiogram raug muab.

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus kab mob no tau qhia txog qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus menyuam lub cev thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm tus menyuam rau SARS, yog li thaum kuaj pom tus menyuam keeb kwm raug kawm.

thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus cov tsos mob
thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus cov tsos mob

About the problem

Thymus lossis thymus caj pas yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog ntawm lymphocytopoiesis, uas cov cell lymphoid tsim uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus menyuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub caj pas thymus thaum yau muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws. Thymomegaly yog ib yam kab mobcuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev muaj npe, nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov menyuam yaus txij thaum yau.

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj thymomegaly, raws li tau hais dhau los, rog dhau, nce qab los noj mov, tsis muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg nqaij, kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos, cuam tshuam ntawm cov hniav tsis zoo, kev loj hlob qeeb, kev hais lus tsis zoo.

Lub caj pas thymus compresses lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm tus menyuam, uas tuaj yeem pom nws tus kheej hauv o ntawm cov leeg hauv caj dab, ua tsis taus pa, hnoos thiab xim tawv nqaij. Qee zaum, tus kab mob yuav tshwm sim yam tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim.

Kev kho mob mus li cas?

Tshuaj kho mob thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov tsos mob uas siab dua, yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, raws li qib thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob thiab raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws kho qhov muag thiab tus kws endocrinologist. Hauv kev kho mob, kev kho mob me me ntawm thymomegaly tsis ua. Nws raug nquahu kom tus menyuam ua raws li kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, tsis txhob ntxhov siab thiab ceev faj txog kev mob khaub thuas, thiab mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua. Kev pub niam mis yog qhia rau cov menyuam yug tshiab.

Nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm tus kab mob, cov tshuaj adaptogens thiab biostimulants raws li cov khoom cog tau raug sau tseg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig.

Qee zaum, kev npaj raws li kev rho tawm los ntawm thymus caj pas ntawm nyuj raug tshuaj.

Thaum tus menyuam loj hlob adrenal tsis txaus, kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj potassium thiab lub plawv glycosides tau muab.

Thaum kawgtheem ntawm tus kab mob thiab nyob rau hauv lub preoperative lub sij hawm, muab tshuaj steroid hormones glucocorticoids: prednisalone thiab hydrocortisone. Qhov ntau npaum yog xaiv tus kheej.

Yuav kom tsis txhob ua rau qhov degeneration ntawm thymomegaly mus rau cov kab mob hnyav dua, kev saib xyuas tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv tsis tu ncua thiab kev kho mob raws cai yog tsim nyog.

thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus mcb 10
thymomegaly hauv cov menyuam yaus mcb 10

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Feem ntau, cov qog thymus ib txwm loj hlob hauv tus menyuam thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau xyoo, tab sis tus menyuam tseem yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog kws kho mob xws li kws kho menyuam yaus, tus kws khomob thiab tus kws endocrinologist, nrog rau kev kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua.

Kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob tuaj yeem yog qhov raug thiab ceev faj kev npaj thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov no yog tswj kev noj qab haus huv, ua ntej npaj tus menyuam thiab thaum cev xeeb tub, dhau tag nrho cov kev kuaj mob uas tsim nyog thaum cev xeeb tub thiab tom qab, twb muaj menyuam yug tshiab. Kev pub niam mis yog qhov tsim nyog, vim niam mis muaj ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, ua tsaug rau qhov uas tus menyuam yuav loj hlob zoo.

thymomegaly 1 degree hauv cov menyuam yaus
thymomegaly 1 degree hauv cov menyuam yaus

Thaum pub niam mis, niam yuav tsum zam kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ua neej tsis zoo. Yog tias tus menyuam noj lub raj mis, ces koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob uas yuav qhia txog qhov sib tov zoo.

Hauv tsev koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov tseeb microclimate, feem ntau ua kom ntub dej thiab ua pa. Yog tus menyuam tau ncethymus, tom qab ntawd cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ntxhov siab, nrog rau kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg muaj mob.

Pom zoo: