Txhua lub islet ntawm Langerhans ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev rau tag nrho cov kabmob. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates hauv cov ntshav.
Discovery keeb kwm
Lub islet ntawm Langerhans tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1869. Paul Langerhans, ib tug tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Rudolf Virchow, tau los ua tus nrhiav pom ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no nyob rau hauv lub txiav (tsuas yog hauv nws tus Tsov tus tw). Nws yog nws thawj zaug tshuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab tsom iav ib pawg ntawm cov hlwb uas, hauv lawv cov qauv morphological, txawv ntawm lwm cov ntaub so ntswg pancreatic.
Nws tau tsim ntxiv tias cov islets ntawm Langerhans ua haujlwm ntawm endocrine. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau tsim los ntawm K. P. Ulezko-Stroganova. Xyoo 1889, thawj zaug, kev sib txuas tau tsim los ntawm kev swb ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus.
Dab tsi tuaj yeem yog lub islet ntawm Langerhans?
Tam sim no, cov qauv no twb tau kawm zoo heev. Nws yog tam sim no paub zoo tias qhov kev kawm no muaj ntau yam. Cov hauv qab no yog tam sim no paub:
- alpha cells;
- beta cells;
- delta cells;
- pp-cells;
- epsilon-cells.
Nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov sib txawv no uas cov hlwb ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans ua txhua yam haujlwm uas tau muab rau lawv.
Alpha cells
Cov ntau yam no ua rau kwv yees li 15-20% ntawm tag nrho cov islets ntawm Langerhans. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm alpha hlwb yog tsim cov glucagon. Cov tshuaj no muaj lipid xwm thiab yog hom tshuaj insulin antagonist. Thaum tso tawm, glucagon mus rau daim siab, qhov chaw uas nws khi rau cov receptors tshwj xeeb thiab tswj cov piam thaj ntau dhau los ntawm kev tawg ntawm glycogen.
Beta cells
Cov islets ntawm Langerhans ntawm no ntau yam yog ntau tshaj. Lawv tsim txog li 65-80% ntawm tag nrho. Tam sim no nws tau tsim tias lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - insulin. Cov tshuaj no yog glucagon antagonist. Nws pab txhawb kev tsim cov glycogen thiab nws cia hauv cov hlwb ntawm daim siab thiab cov leeg. Raws li cov txheej txheem no, muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav txo qis.
Delta cells
Islets ntawm Langerhans ntawm pancreas ntawm hom no tsis muaj ntau. Lawv tsuas yog 2-10% ntawm tag nrho. Tam sim no lawv cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm tau paub zoo. Nws tau raug tsim los hais tias cov cell synthesize somatostatin. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim cov somatotropic, thyrotropic thiab somatotropin-tso cov tshuaj hormones. Ntawd yog, nws ua ncaj qha rau ntawm hypothalamus, nrog rau lub caj pas pituitary anterior.
PP hlwb
Txhua lub islet ntawm Langerhans ntawm hom no koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov pancreatic polypeptide. Txog thaum kawg, nws txoj haujlwm tseem tsis tau kawm. Tam sim no, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov khoom ntawm kev tsim cov kua txiv pancreatic. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov nyhuv pab ua kom cov leeg du ntawm lub gallbladder. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev vam khom ntawm qib ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj no ntawm kev tsim ntawm malignant neoplasms tau raug tshawb fawb. Yog li ntawd, nws tau pom tias thaum lub sij hawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, theem ntawm pancreatic polypeptide nce. Yog li no cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus cim zoo ntawm cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub txiav.
Epsilon cells
Cov islets ntawm Langerhans yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Lawv tus lej tsawg dua 1% ntawm tag nrho. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb no yog tsim cov tshuaj hormone hu ua ghrelin. Cov tshuaj nquag no muaj ntau lub luag haujlwm, tab sis nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv- tswj cov teebmeem yog qhov kev kawm tshaj plaws.
Hais txog cov kab mob ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans
Kev swb ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb no muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub cev. Hauv qhov xwm txheej uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tsim rau cov islets ntawm Langerhans, tus lej ntawm cov tom kawg tau nce zuj zus. Kev swb ntawm ntau dua 90% ntawm cov hlwb txo qis kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin mus rau qib qis. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev txhim khoxws li kab mob txaus ntshai li ntshav qab zib. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov hlwb ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans tshwm sim ntau dua hauv cov neeg mob hluas.
Kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov pej xeem ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tsim cov hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv pancreas - pancreatitis.
Yuav ua li cas cawm islet hlwb?
Yuav ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub pancreas tag nrho. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg cov dej cawv ntau dhau. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws yog lawv, ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov txiav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv dej cawv ntev ntev, ib tus neeg tsim thiab ua rau pancreatitis, uas dhau sijhawm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov islet hlwb.
Ntxiv rau cov dej haus cawv, ntau cov khoom noj uas muaj roj ntau hauv cov tsiaj rog muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov txiav. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej yuav hnyav dua yog tias tus neeg mob tsis tau noj dab tsi ntev ua ntej noj mov.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas twb muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg pancreatic, nws yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb - kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob gastroenterologist. Cov kws kho mob ntawm cov kev tshwj xeeb no yuav sau cov kev kho mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm kev hloov pauv pathological. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau mus kuaj ultrasound ntawm lub txiav ib xyoos ib zaug.caj pas, uas yog ua nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau lwm yam kabmob ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav biochemical rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm amylase hauv nws.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov pib ntawm kev txhim kho tus mob pancreatitis, ntxiv rau kev kuaj thiab ntsuas ntsuas, lub tsev kho mob kuj tseem yuav pab tau. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob ntawm sab laug hypochondrium. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov mob no muaj tus cwj pwm shingles thiab tshwm sim ntau zaus tom qab noj cov khoom noj uas muaj roj ntau ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob tom qab noj mov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov hnyav hauv plab. Tag nrho cov tsos mob no tawm sai sai los yog txo lawv qhov hnyav tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm kev noj tshuaj uas muaj pancreatin. Ntawm lawv, cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws yog "Creon", "Mezim" thiab "Pancreatin". Yog tias cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg pancreatic, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tso tseg kev siv cawv. Qhov tseeb yog tias txawm tias ib qho me me ntawm nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem pathological hnyav dua, yog li ua rau lub cev ua rau lub cev tsis zoo.
