Lyell's syndrome: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob

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Lyell's syndrome: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob
Lyell's syndrome: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob

Video: Lyell's syndrome: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob

Video: Lyell's syndrome: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob
Video: XF. Vaam Tub Vaaj: Qhia Thov Vajtswv Pab Thaum Muaj Mob 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lyell's syndrome yog ib yam kab mob loj ntawm kev ua xua-ua xua, uas ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum loj ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab tseem muaj qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua phem rau tag nrho cov tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes. Synonymous npe rau no pathology: mob los yog lom epidermal necrolysis.

kua ntswg nrog kev ua xua
kua ntswg nrog kev ua xua

Etiology

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kab mob qhia nws cov tshuaj lom-ua xua etiology. Qhov no txhais li cas? Cov txheej txheem o tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ua xua ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj los ntawm co toxins. Muaj ib qho detachment ntawm txheej txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog ntxiv necrosis.

Tus mob no suav hais tias yog hom kab mob bullous dermatitis. Lub npe tom qab tus kws kho mob Lyell, uas tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1956 yog ib hom mob toxicoderma loj heev. Daim duab kho mob tuaj yeem muab piv nrog daim tawv nqaij kub ntawm 2nd degree. Lwm lub npe rau tus mob yog "malignant pemphigus".

Nrog rau kev poob siab anaphylactic, tus kab mob no suav hais tias yog qhov ua xua loj tshaj plaws. ThiabNws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov no pathology tuag, muaj lwm yam kab mob me ntsis zoo ib yam li nws, uas yog hu ua Stevens-Johnson syndrome (abbreviated li SJS). Lawv feem ntau tsis meej pem, tab sis nws yog nyob ntawm cov kws tshaj lij paub txog cov kab mob no.

Causes of Lyell's syndrome

Qee qhov paub txog kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov tshuaj. Qhov laj thawj tshaj plaws yog sulfonamides. Tsawg zaus - tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob, erythromycins, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kuj tseem muaj cov xwm txheej sib cais ntawm ib tus neeg tsis haum rau kev noj zaub mov, kev npaj cov vitamin, nrog rau cov kab mob tetanus toxoid thiab radiopaque agents.

tawv nqaij hloov
tawv nqaij hloov

Raws li lwm pab pawg neeg mob, kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem sib kis, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm pawg II Staphylococcus aureus, tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Xws li kev ua xua hnyav (Lyell's syndrome, tsis yog Johnson's) feem ntau pom thaum yau thiab muaj kev kawm hnyav heev.

Muaj ntau tus neeg mob idiopathic, cov laj thawj uas tseem tsis tau paub.

Kev txhim kho ntawm tus mob no kuj tau pom thaum kho mob hnyav ntawm ntau yam pathologies. Muaj kev xav tias nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke, kis kab mob thiab tshuaj, uas yog qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob no.

Pathogenesis

Cov kab mob piav qhia nws tus kheej sai sai: los ntawm ob peb teev mus rau 1 lub lis piam. Muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob hauvtom qab hnub tim.

Nws feem ntau lees txais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm Lyell's syndrome yog provoked los ntawm ib tus neeg muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj ntawm lub cev, uas yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm caj ces. Nws yog hom tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj hnyav.

Lub anamnesis ntawm ntau tus neeg mob muaj qhov ua xua xws li mob rhinitis, quav nyab ua npaws, tiv tauj dermatitis, eczema, bronchial hawb pob, thiab lwm yam.

ua pob liab vog
ua pob liab vog

Mechanism rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab txawv

Lyell's syndrome tshwm sim li cas hauv cov menyuam yaus? Cov txheej txheem ntawm detoxification ntawm cov khoom metabolic cuam tshuam hauv lub cev. Yog li, cov tshuaj sib xyaw nrog cov protein uas yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog li ntawd, ib qho khoom txawv teb chaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub tom kawg, uas ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim tom qab. Nws hloov tawm tias daim tawv nqaij nws tus kheej dhau los ua qhov muaj zog tshaj allergen. Qhov no tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev mus rau kev hloov pauv txawv teb chaws. Tsuas yog hauv qhov no, tsis muaj dab tsi txawv txawv.

Ntxim qab kawg, txhua tus neeg mob uas muaj Lyell thiab Johnson syndromes yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, hu ua Schwartzman-Sanarelli tshwm sim.

Kev cuam tshuam hauv lub cev

Nyob rau hauv lub cev, cov txheej txheem ntawm chains ntawm cov tshuaj protein thiab cov kev cai ntawm lawv lwj yog cuam tshuam. Qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv lawv qhov kev tswj tsis tau thiab kev tawg sai heev, vim tias lawv khaws cia hauv lub cev (hauv nws cov kua), uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev.

Txhua yam no ua rau lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev lawv tus kheej, uas yog lub luag haujlwm raupov tseg ntawm cov khoom lwj thiab lawv tshem tawm kuj raug kev txom nyem heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib npaug ntawm dej-ntsev hauv lub cev raug cuam tshuam, nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov zaub mov. Tus neeg mob tus mob deteriorates sharply thiab sai, thiab yog hais tias kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev tsis tau muab rau nws raws sij hawm, ces qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tuag taus tshwm sim yog siab. Kev tuag hauv Lyell's syndrome yog qhov siab heev.

Cov tsos mob thiab kev kuaj mob

Tus kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov hluas thiab menyuam yaus. Kev kuaj mob feem ntau yog ib qho yooj yim raws li cov tsos mob thiab kev kuaj pom yooj yim pom tseeb hauv qhov no.

Saum toj no peb tau sau tseg tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Tus mob deteriorates sharply, tus neeg mob tej zaum yuav txawm tuag ua ntej pib ntawm kev kho mob. Nws tag nrho pib nrog qhov kub thiab txias, qee zaum mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, lub cev yog npog nrog cov pob liab liab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob liab liab nrog me me edema. Kev kuaj mob Lyell's syndrome yuav tsum tau ua sai sai.

Nyob rau hauv qhov loj

Maj mam, cov pob txha loj tuaj, lawv sib koom ua ke, tsim cov kab mob loj. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem yuav zoo ib yam li daim duab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev kub nyhiab ntawm qib thib ob:

  • Tom qab 2 hnub tom qab, cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam tau npog nrog cov hlwv ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lawv yog nyias thiab yooj yim rau cov neeg kho tshuab raug mob, nws tawg yooj yim heev.
  • Tom qab ib ntus, tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag zoo li nws tau scalded nrog dej npau npau.
  • daim tawv nqaij mob heev, muaj cov tsos mob ntawm "dawb linen": thaum koj kov nwsyooj yim rau quav. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj ntau ntawm cov ntshav me me thoob plaws hauv lub cev.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm Lyell's Syndrome
Kev kuaj mob ntawm Lyell's Syndrome

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm Stevens-Johnson syndrome thiab Lyell's syndrome, mucous membranes raug kev txom nyem. Hauv lub qhov ncauj, muaj qhov tsis xws luag uas mob heev txawm tias lub teeb kov. Los ntshav siab.

Ntawm daim di ncauj - tib daim duab. Tom qab ntawd, cov kab mob cuam tshuam yog them nrog crusts. Lawv tuab thiab qhov chaw yog qhov uas tus neeg mob noj tsis tau.

Tej zaum yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm txoj hlab pa sab sauv, plab hnyuv thiab txawm tias lub zais zis.

Txoj kev tuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic ntawm cov khoom qhia pom kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nyob rau hauv uas pom muaj cov hlwv loj. Lawv cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj menyuam, tsis muaj cov kab mob pathogenic hauv nws.

Cov txheej ntxaum ntxaum hauv Lyell's syndrome yog edematous, lawv nthuav tawm ntau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau nkag los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Lawv nyob ze cov nkoj, hos cov phab ntsa tom kawg kuj o.

System-Wide Signs of Damage

Raws li peb tau sau tseg lawm, tus mob ntawm tus neeg mob tau sai sai:

  • Muaj qhov kub thiab txias, mob taub hau hnyav, kev taw qhia hauv qhov chaw yuav cuam tshuam, huab cua tsis nco qab, tsaug zog tshwm sim.
  • Qhia cov cim ntawm lub cev qhuav dej hauv daim ntawv nqhis dej heev, qhov ncauj qhuav, qis qis.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cardio-Cov kab mob vascular, cov ntshav thickens, uas ua raws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev thiab lub cev tag nrho.
  • Vim lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov ua txhaum loj ntawm cov dej-ntsev sib npaug, qhov no yog qhov ua rau lub cev qhuav dej, kev qaug cawv tshwm sim nrog cov khoom lwj ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
  • Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov protein synthesis thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov kev puas tsuaj ua rau cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov protein ntau me hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
ua xua pob khaus ntawm tes
ua xua pob khaus ntawm tes

Lab ntsuas ntsuas

Nrog Lyell's syndrome (hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob), kev kuaj ntshav qhia tias muaj leukocytosis siab, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev mob hnyav hauv lub cev. Cov mis leukocyte qhia pom cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis paub qab hau ntawm leukocytes, ESR nce ntxiv, ntshav txhaws kuj siab dua li qub.

Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical qhia pom qhov txo qis hauv cov protein hauv nws, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev muaj protein ntau. Bilirubin kuj nce ntxiv, uas yog qhov qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm daim siab. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm urea, uas qhia txog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm. Muaj cov ntsiab lus siab nitrogen thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee cov enzymes.

kuaj zis pom cov protein hauv nws.

Cov lus pom zoo rau Lyell's syndrome yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob, muab kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev rau tus neeg mob thiab muab nws tso rau hauv tsev kho mob, zoo dua tam sim ntawd hauv chav saib xyuas mob hnyav. Peb twb tau sau ntau npaum li casTus neeg mob qhov mob hnyav zuj zus, thiab qhov tshwm sim dav dav thiab teeb meem dab tsi uas cov txheej txheem pathological no ua rau.

Oddly txaus, tab sis lub sij hawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob yog 2-3 lub lis piam, thaum cov teeb meem saum toj no tshwm sim. Lub sijhawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb los muab kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws.

High mortality

Txawm hais tias qhov kev txhim kho tas li ntawm cov txheej txheem kho mob, nrog Lyell's syndrome, kev tuag tseem nyob siab - kwv yees li 30% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag. Tom qab qhov kev kuaj mob tau tsim thiab kev kho mob pib, qhov kev tuag ntau dua. Qhov tshwm sim zoo sib xws nce nrog qhov swb ntau dua 50% ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Txoj kev kho mob rau kev kho mob Lyell's syndrome yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev, vim tias muaj cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov khoom lwj ntawm cov protein thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov dej- ntsev thiab ntxhia sib npaug hauv lub cev kuj tau txais kev txhawb nqa, kev ntsuas tau coj los txo cov ntshav txhaws.

Steven johnson Syndrome
Steven johnson Syndrome

Kev Kho Mob hnyav

Nrog cov tsos mob ntawm Lyell's syndrome, kev saib xyuas hnyav tau ua tiav. Nws feem ntau zoo li no:

  • Extracorporeal hemosorption. Qhov no yog tus naj npawb 1 txoj hauv kev kho Lyell's syndrome. Nws raug nquahu kom siv nws hauv thawj ob hnub, txij li kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm kev kho yog txo qis. Nrog rau kev kho raws sijhawm, 2-3 cov txheej txheem txaus rau tus neeg mob kom rov zoo tag nrho. Ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd, tus neeg mob tus mob tau pom zoo zuj zus, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev tau ncetig. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau kho ntau dua.
  • Plasmapheresis. Nws muaj cov nyhuv bidirectional. Ua ntej, nws tshem tawm cov co toxins, allergens, tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. Thib ob - nws normalizes lub cev tiv thaiv. Thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob, 2-3 cov txheej txheem kuj tseem txaus los kho tus neeg mob lub cev zoo.
  • Txoj kev kho mob txhawm rau txhim kho cov dej ntsev thiab cov protein sib npaug hauv lub cev. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev kho mob, vim hais tias nws yog hais txog kev ua txhaum cai uas ua rau lub generalized pathological txheej txheem ntawm lub cev. Lub cev tau txhaj tshuaj tas li (kwv yees li 2 litres ib hnub) nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb rau kev txhaj tshuaj.
  • Txij thaum lub sijhawm piav qhia tus kabmob muaj cov tawv nqaij tawv thiab nws cov kabmob, tus neeg mob tau txais cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas txwv tsis pub tsim cov enzymes tsom rau kev puas tsuaj.
  • tshuaj Corticosteroid. Lawv muaj ib tug pronounced anti-inflammatory thiab anti-allergic kev ua si. Lawv cov koob tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm saib xyuas hnyav tau nce.
  • Tshuaj los xyuas kom meej qhov normalization thiab tu ntawm daim siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm.
  • Tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog kev tiv thaiv. Txij li cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob sib kis. Tab sis kev xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog nruj heev, txij li qhov no peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog tus neeg mob uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov tshuaj thiab ci ntsa iab. Kev tsis haum tshuaj loj heev.
  • Kev noj cov zaub mov nrog rau cov tshuaj diuretics. Cov no yog kev npaj ntawm potassium, calcium, magnesium.
  • Tshuaj uas pab txo cov ntshav txhaws.
  • Cov tshuaj pleev qhov txhab kho mob, corticosteroid aerosols, tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos tau siv rau thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab hnav khaub ncaws tsis tu ncua yog hloov pauv. Raws li lub qhov txhab kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, yaug lub qhov ncauj nrog decoctions ntawm tshuaj ntsuab ntawm cov nqi tshuaj tua kab mob.
Lyell's syndrome nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus
Lyell's syndrome nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus

Kev kho mob, raws li tau hais dhau los, tau ua nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob hnyav, qhov chaw lawv ua kom zoo saib xyuas thiab muab kev saib xyuas kom raug rau tus neeg mob. Txias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv pawg ntseeg. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau thaj chaw nrog cov kab mob bactericidal UV teeb.

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