Cov qauv ntawm lub dab teg sib koom ua ke tso cai rau peb rub tawm, khoov thiab khoov tes, ua ncig ncig nrog nws. Nws yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau traumatized ib feem ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws puas thiab kab mob ntawm lub articular-ligamentous apparatus ntawm tes, ib tug orthosis yog siv rau lub dab teg. Nws xaiv li cas, thiab nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Dab tsi yog orthosis?
Orthoses yog cov khoom siv orthopedic siv los kho thiab txo kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab txha nraub qaum tom qab raug mob thiab ua haujlwm. Lawv kuj tau siv rau qee yam kab mob, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv.
Los ntawm lub hom phiaj, tag nrho cov orthoses muab faib ua peb pawg:
- orthoses rau tus txha nraub qaum (corsets, splints, dab tshos, reclinators, bandages);
- orthoses rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob qij txha ntawm sab sauv qaum (lub luj tshib, lub xub pwg braces, ntiv tes braces, dab teg orthoses);
- orthoses kho cov pob qij txha ntawm sab qis (hauv caug,pob taws, hip orthoses, orthopedic insoles, khau thiab lwm yam).
Raws li txoj kev tsim khoom, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem npaj ua thiab tus kheej. Thawj yog cov khoom lag luam Hoobkas. Ib hom ntawm xws li prosthesis yog muab rau tus neeg mob los ntawm kws kho mob. Ib tus neeg orthosis yog tsim los ntawm tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg mob, suav nrog nws cov yam ntxwv anatomical thiab hom pathology.
Lub dab teg ntawm tus neeg, raws li feem ntau ntawm nws txhais tes, feem ntau puas. Feem ntau ntawm cov no yog sprains thiab dislocations. Thaum lawv raug txheeb xyuas, ib qho orthosis raug muab rau lub dab teg sib koom ua ke kom ntseeg tau tias nws qhov kev sib tw los yog lub teeb. Outwardly, nws zoo li lub hnab looj tes uas ruaj ntseg kho lub dab teg, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv. Xws li cov cuab yeej orthopedic txwv tsis pub txav mus los thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ua kom tsis muaj zog tag nrho, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov mob thiab ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke sai dua tom qab raug mob hnyav.
Lub dab teg orthoses muab faib ua peb hom:
- Hard, uas yog siv rau lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab tom qab pob txha. Ua tsaug rau lawv, dab teg yog tsau kiag li.
- Semi-rigid, siv hauv kev kho mob tom qab raug mob me.
- Soft, siv los tiv thaiv kev raug mob dab teg.
Retainer thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev sib koom tes ntawm tes yog qhov tsim nyogyuav ntawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob. Nyob ntawm seb hom kev raug mob, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav ib txwm muab cov lus qhia txog qib ntawm kev nruj ntawm orthosis yuav tsum raug xaiv rau. Cov hom mos mos raug pom zoo ntau dua thaum koom nrog kev ua si thiab kev ua si mobile lossis ua haujlwm qee yam, nrog rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub dab teg. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua tiav, cov khoom siv nruj yog siv, xws li Orlett dab teg brace. Nws zoo ib yam li mitt (lub hnab looj tes tsis muaj ntiv tes) nrog lub log tsheb hlau thiab ib qho yooj yim nruj uas muab cov qib xav tau ntawm lub dab teg fixation. Lub brace muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg S txog XL. Nws yog universal thiab siv tau los kho tag nrho ob sab laug thiab sab tes xis.
Qhov tseeb ntawm kev xaiv qhov loj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev sim ntawm orthosis. Cov kws kho mob ib txwm hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nplij siab ntawm tus neeg tuav pov hwm. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv orthosis kuj yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Nws tsis pom zoo kom txo lub sijhawm no yam tsis tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sim ua kom nws tus kheej hloov tus qauv tsim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Ib qho orthosis rau lub dab teg yog siv yog tias tsis muaj cov contraindications xws li mob purulent inflammatory txheej txheem, qog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm lub fixator, cov kab mob nyob rau hauv uas hyperthermia yog tsis tsim nyog.
Rau lub dab teg sib koom, lub teeb thiab semi-rigid orthoses nrog kev sib txawv ntawm kev kho yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- pob qij txha, kev raug mob ligament, hemarthrosis;
- exacerbation ntawm arthrosis;
- lub sijhawm rov kho dua tom qab plaster kho ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, tom qab kev phais thiab kev raug mob;
- nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau peripheral qab haus huv.
Kev kho thiab tshem tawm cov pob qij txha ntawm lub dab teg kuj ua los ntawm cov dab teg. Lawv raug siv hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- ua ib txoj kev kho mob ntawm osteochondropathy;
- rau kev kho mob ntawm ligament raug mob thiab pob qij txha;
- rau kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau (lub cev lossis kis las);
- tom qab kev phais sib koom ua ke.
Txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov pob txha pob txha yog siv rau cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- kev puas tsuaj rau ligaments thiab tendons ntawm kev sib koom ua ke;
- bruises, dislocations;
- mob tom qab kev phais ntawm lub dab teg thiab ntiv tes xoo;
- dab teg instability;
- rheumatic lesion;
- mob ntawm pob qij txha thiab cov nqaij mos uas nyob ib sab (myositis, mob caj dab, tendovaginitis);
- mob neuropathies (xws li stilloiditis, tunnel syndrome) ntawm peripheral qab haus huv;
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm flexion contractures ntawm tes;
- nce ntau lawm thiab kis las.
Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas raug mob, ib qho orthosis rau lub dab teg yog siv. Tus me nyuam lub fixator, ib yam li cov neeg laus, yog siv los kho cov kab mob thiab kev raug mob ntawm lub pob qij txha, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, raws li kev tiv thaiv.
Txoj kev siv
Ntau homorthoses tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los ntawm cov neeg mob thiab kws kho mob. Lawv ua tau ib txoj hauj lwm zoo heev ntawm kev ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Lub teeb orthoses ntawm lub dab teg hauv traumatology yog siv los kho qee qhov kev puas tsuaj rau ligaments, subluxations, bruises, rau kev tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, thaum ua si kis las, tiv thaiv lawv. Lawv pab tshem tawm qhov mob thiab mob, txo cov load ntawm cov pob qij txha puas. Feem ntau lawv raug xa mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntau ntawm lub computer. Lawv feem ntau tsim cov pob qij txha pob qij txha vim tsis xis nyob ntawm tes thiab kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm lub dab teg. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog mob hlab ntsha tawg thiab mob.
Rau qhov raug mob hnyav dua, siv lub dab teg nruj orthosis. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob txog ntau yam qauv ntawm hom fixator no ua tim khawv rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas orthoses yog universal thiab xis rau hnav mus ntev. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv elastic, ntau zaus nws yog aeroprene. Nws cov qauv ntxeem tau muaj cov cua microchambers uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog huab cua pauv, muab cov tawv nqaij ua pa thiab tswj cov dej noo.
Ib qho orthosis rau lub dab teg muaj lwm yam zoo. Nws muaj cov nyhuv compressive, feem ntau siv los txo qhov o ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov raug mob ntawm lub dab teg. Vim yog me ntsis compression, tus retainer pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov kua dej uas tau stagnated hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub dab teg tuav kuj pab txo qhov mob.
Yooj yim fixation orthosesmuaj qhov ua kom sov thiab zaws cov nyhuv thiab muab kev sib koom ua ke sib koom ua ke. Lawv siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho mob arthrosis thiab mob caj dab, bursitis, styloiditis thiab lwm yam mob thiab kab mob.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv orthosis
Unloading and fixing the joint with an orthosis txo qhov mob. Qhov chaw puas tsuaj yog nyob ntawm so, compression thiab sov so pab ua kom cov ntshav ncig thiab lymph ntws, uas pab kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev kho mob.
Thaum hloov chaw, orthosis yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob nyuaj thiab pab tshem tawm qhov deformity uas tau tshwm sim. Nws kuj yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo heev, vim nws tiv thaiv lub dab teg los ntawm kev raug mob thiab kev mob tom qab phais.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov txiaj ntsig yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv raug, uas yuav tsum tau ua nrog tus kws kho mob nkaus xwb tom qab kuaj tus neeg mob. Nws yog tus kws tshaj lij uas txiav txim siab qhov degree ntawm fixation ntawm orthosis thiab hom hnav nws. Txoj hlua khi feem ntau yog hnav kom txog thaum sib koom ua ke tag nrho.
