Tso zis tsom xam: hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau

Cov txheej txheem:

Tso zis tsom xam: hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau
Tso zis tsom xam: hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau

Video: Tso zis tsom xam: hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau

Video: Tso zis tsom xam: hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau
Video: Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj mus txhaj koob tshuaj COVID-19 rau zaum ob (Hmong) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tau kawg, peb coob leej tau kuaj zis ib zaug hauv peb lub neej. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias ib tug me nyuam paub tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb pab txheeb xyuas qee yam kab mob lossis tswj lawv tus mob. Yog li ntawd, cov zis yog ib qho tseem ceeb "tsim" rau kev kuaj mob ntawm tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

hom urinalysis
hom urinalysis

Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam yuav nyob ntawm seb cov khoom tau sau li cas. Hom kev kuaj zis dab tsi thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv muaj nyob, peb yuav xav txog hauv kab lus no. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, peb yuav pom tias yuav ua li cas thiaj li khaws tau thiab thauj khoom kom zoo rau kev tshawb fawb.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb txiav txim siab tias yog vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum tau tso zis rau kev soj ntsuam mus kuaj:

  • Kom kuaj kab mob lossis kab mob urinary ib ntsuj av. Cov tsos mob hauv qhov no tuaj yeem txawv heev: tsis hnov tsw zis, mob thaum tso zis, ntshav impurities, mob rau sab thiab lwm yam.
  • Txhim kho ntau yam kab mob xws li ntshav qab zib, pob zeb raum, kab mob urinary, ntshav siablos yog tej yam kab mob raum thiab daim siab.
  • Kev kuaj lub cev tsis tu ncua, kev kuaj zis kuj ua tiav, hom uas tau txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Yuav npaj li cas?

  • Ua ntej koj tso zis rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj zaub mov uas tuaj yeem ua rau xim. Namely: blackberries, beets, rhubarb thiab lwm yam.
  • Tsis txhob xyaum hnyav ua ntej kawm.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov poj niam los qhia rau lawv tus kws kho mob txog lawv cov kev coj khaub ncaws. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav ncua kev kuaj zis rau ob peb hnub. Hom thiab txoj hauv kev los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog muab rau tus kheej.
  • Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem hais kom koj tsis txhob noj tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau koj cov zis (feem ntau yog B vitamins, Rifampicin thiab Phenytoin) ib ntus.
  • Yog tias koj noj cov tshuaj diuretics, nco ntsoov qhia koj tus kws kho mob. Vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb fawb tau zoo.

Tam sim no cia peb los saib seb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov zis li cas, hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau yog dab tsi.

Quick test

Txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws los kuaj cov zis yog kuaj sai. Nws raug coj los ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob niaj hnub (hauv tsev neeg tus kws kho mob lub chaw haujlwm lossis thaum nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob) lossis thaum cov neeg mob muaj mob hauv plab, plab lossis nraub qaum. Xws li kev tsom xam tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov kab tshwj xeeb nrog cov xim me me, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj rau ob peb feeb. Tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob sib piv cov xim ntawm cov zis nrog cov xim ntawm cov teb thiab txiav txim siab nws tus mob. Tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txiav txim siabCov kua dej ntau npaum li cas qhia nws qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov qauv.

hom kev kuaj zis hauv cov menyuam yaus
hom kev kuaj zis hauv cov menyuam yaus

Qhov kev sim no yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem hauv qab no:

  • qib protein ntau, uas yog ib qho cim ntawm nephritis (mob raum mob);
  • kuaj pom cov piam thaj thiab ketone hauv cov zis yog ib qho cim ntawm cov ntshav qab zib siab;
  • leukocytes thiab nitrites qhia tias muaj kab mob.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tsis yog ib txwm ntseeg tau, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev sim hauv chav kuaj.

Kev kho mob (general) kawm

hom kev tshuaj ntsuam no yog ib feem ntawm kev kuaj xyuas niaj hnub lossis ua tiav ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los nrhiav qhov ua rau cov kab mob ntawm daim siab, ob lub raum, kab mob urinary kab mob thiab los ntshav hauv cov zis. Nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los kuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas tsis raug sai. Kev tshuaj xyuas tiav yog ua tiav hauv chav kuaj, raws li txoj cai, hauv 3 theem:

  1. Kev ntsuas xim thiab qhov siab ntawm cov zis (cov ntsuas lub cev).
  2. Kawm txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua dej, uas suav nrog ntau qhov kev sim ntxiv rau pH, protein, piam thaj, ketones, ntshav, bilirubin, nitrite, urobilinogen thiab leukocyte esterase.
  3. Cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hom kev kuaj zis rau cov kab mob hauv qab lub tshuab ntsuas.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tseem pab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem hauv qab no:

  • ntshav siab;
  • txheeb xyuas cov zis reflux yuav qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob raum;
  • Tsis tas li, kev kuaj zis kom muaj nuj nqis tuaj yeem pab kuaj xyuas ntau yam kab mob xws li kab mob endocrine, mob qog noj ntshav, osteoporosis, thiab porphyria (ib pawg kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg).
hom kev kuaj zis thaum cev xeeb tub
hom kev kuaj zis thaum cev xeeb tub

Yog tias tus kws kho mob tau qhia txog qhov txawv txav thaum lub sijhawm kawm kho mob, ces nws pom zoo rau tus neeg mob xws li kev kuaj zis rau kev kis kab mob: Nechiporenko tsom xam thiab Zimnitsky tsom xam.

Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Nechiporenko

Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj sim los txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, erythrocytes thiab cov thooj voos kheej kheej hauv 1 ml ntawm cov zis los ntsuas qhov mob ntawm cov zis thiab ob lub raum. Hom kev tshuaj ntsuam no raug sau rau cov lus qhia hauv qab no:

  • occult hematuria (ntshav hauv zis);
  • saib xyuas kev kho tau zoo;
  • zais qhov mob hauv lub raum thiab tso zis.

Kev tshuaj ntsuam Nechiporenko yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj li lwm hom kev kuaj zis. Yuav sau cov khoom li cas, xav txog hauv qab no:

  • hnub ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas hloov xim ntawm cov zis;
  • ua ntej sau, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov txheej txheem huv;
  • tsis pub ntau tshaj 20-30 ml ntawm cov zis thaum sawv ntxov yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv huv thiab qhuav qhuav;
  • nws yuav tsum tau coj mus kuaj hauv 2 teev.

nyeem ib txwm:

  • leukocytes - 2000 hauv 1 ml ntawm cov zis;
  • erythrocytes - 1000;
  • cylinders – 20.

tso zis tsom xam raws li Zimnitsky

hom kev tshawb fawb no tshwj xeeb. Nws pab ntsuas qhov mob ntawm ob lub raum thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kabmob no thaum ntxov, nrog rau kev saib xyuas lub zog ntawm cov kab mob.

Kev qhia rau hom kev kawm no:

  • mob glomerulonephritis;
  • mob ntshav qab zib;
  • cim qhia ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm;
  • mob plawv mob siab;
  • chronic pyelonephritis (mob raum mob).
hom kev kuaj zis dab tsi thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv
hom kev kuaj zis dab tsi thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv

Tau kawg, kev kuaj zis, hom, kev sau yog txawv rau txhua qhov kev kuaj mob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm Zimnitsky ua tib zoo. Koj yuav tsum npaj yim lub hub huv si thiab sau txhua tus nrog cov zis tso zis (1, 2, 3, thiab lwm yam). Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los pib sau thaum 6.00 sawv ntxov, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua peb teev. Nco ntsoov tias nws yog txwv tsis pub tso zis tso rau hauv ib lub thawv. Txias cov thawv ntim khoom ua ntej thauj mus rau chav kuaj. Sim ua kom koj li niaj hnub niaj hnub thiab kev noj haus rau hnub no. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev tu cev kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob thiab kab mob microbes nkag mus rau hauv lub hub.

Kev tshawb fawb tshwm sim thaum txawv txav:

  • txo qis tus txheeb ze ntawm cov zis rau ib qho kev pabcuam (qis dua 1020 g / l) qhia tias lub raum thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, ua rau mob pyelonephritis ntau dua;
  • siab ceev (ntau dua 1035 g / l) tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev ua kom nrawm ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, mob ntev lossis mob.glomerulonephritis, nrog rau ntshav qab zib.

Kev tsom xam raws li Kakovsky-Addis. Ambourge Method

Raws li txoj cai, hom kev kuaj zis no tau ua rau menyuam yaus, vim tias lawv yooj yim siv txawm tias cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos. Nws raug sau tseg rau cov neeg mob thaum kuaj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv hauv kev sim dav dav, yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub raum thiab cov zis, nrog rau kev tswj xyuas kom ntxaws txog cov kab mob uas twb tau txheeb xyuas lawm.

Cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb pab txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory (cystitis, glomerulonephritis thiab pyelonephritis), nrog rau saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum thiab cov zis.

Sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshuaj xyuas ob txoj hauv kev:

  • hauv 12 teev;
  • thoob plaws hnub.

Yuav ua li cas yog seeding?

Dab tsi yog kuaj zis? Hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau tham hauv kev nthuav dav hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Sowing yog ua tiav kom pom tias muaj kab mob lossis kab mob phem, thiab txiav txim siab lawv hom.

Hauv chav kuaj, ib lub thawv tso zis tso rau hauv lub thawv. Tom qab ntawd cov phaj me me nrog kev loj hlob nruab nrab rau cov kab mob kis tau muab tso rau hauv cov qauv thiab kaw nruj nreem. Tom ntej no, lub thawv yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub incubator rau 2 hnub. Yog tias muaj cov kab mob los yog kab mob hauv cov zis, lawv yuav pom pom thaum lub sijhawm no.

hom kev kuaj zis yuav sau li cas
hom kev kuaj zis yuav sau li cas

Yog tias pom cov kab mob microbes thaum lub sijhawm kawm, tus neeg mob tau muab hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas xav tau los tua lawv.

Urine tsom xam raws li Sulkovich

hom kev kawm no yog siv los ntsuas qhov ntsuas rauKev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob endocrine thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm calcium metabolism. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tsis txhob noj cov khoom noj siv mis thiab nqaij, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, thiab tsis txhob haus tshuaj yej thiab kas fes ua ntej tshuaj xyuas. Sim suav nrog tsuas yog dej-siav cereals hauv koj cov zaub mov.

Ua ntej sau zis, ua raws li cov lus qhia no:

  • tsis muaj zaub mov rau 8 teev, menyuam yaus tau 6 teev;
  • ua kom koj qhov chaw mos huv si kom cov kab mob tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov zis;
  • khoom yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv tsis muaj menyuam thiab coj mus rau tsev kho mob.

Hauv chav kuaj, cov kws tshaj lij yuav ntxiv cov tshuaj Sulkovich reagent rau cov zis, uas yuav pab txiav txim siab cov calcium thiab bilirubin.

tsom xam txhua hnub

Qhov kev sim no suav nrog kev khaws cov zis thaum nruab hnub hauv cov kab hauv qab no:

  • thawj tus qauv tom qab waking tsis siv, tab sis lub sijhawm voiding tau sau tseg;
  • tom qab ntawd, txhua qhov poob ntawm cov khoom raug sau rau hauv lub thawv;
  • thaum koj zais koj lub zais zis hauv 24 teev, koj yuav tsum nqa lub thawv tshwj xeeb los ntawm tus kws kho mob, uas muaj cov tshuaj tau muab tso los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, thiab hliv tag nrho cov kua sau rau hauv nws;
  • Khaws lub thawv rau hauv lub tub yees thaum sau qoob.

Cov txiaj ntsig kev kuaj mob qhia tias ntau npaum li cas ntawm qee yam tshuaj (xws li cov protein, cov tshuaj hormones, ntsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv metabolic) raug tawm ntawm lub cev. Yog tias cov kws tshaj lij pom cov metabolic creatinine tsawg dhau hauv cov zis, ces muaj kev xav tsis thoob.txo lub raum ua haujlwm. Cov protein ntau tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, ntshav qab zib, kab mob urinary, kab mob raum. Qee cov kab mob endocrine nce cov tshuaj hormones thiab lawv cov khoom metabolic hauv cov zis.

kuaj cev xeeb tub

Tau kawg, lawv ua cov hom tshuaj tso zis rau poj niam. Yog tias koj lub caij nyoog tsis pib, cov kev ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem siv los kuaj seb koj puas xeeb tub. Feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov no thaum ntxov hnub thib kaum ntawm kev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis yog ib txwm ntseeg tau. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov ntawv xeem ntawm txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj.

hom kev kuaj zis rau cov kab mob
hom kev kuaj zis rau cov kab mob

Ua cov tshuaj no tso zis thaum cev xeeb tub, feem ntau thaum sawv ntxov, tom qab sawv ntxov. Koj yuav pom cov lus qhia meej hauv daim ntawv teev npe. Tom qab tso zis, sau ib qho me me ntawm cov zis thaum sawv ntxov rau hauv ib lub thawv thiab muab cov ntawv ntsuas tso rau hauv nws li ob peb feeb. Tom qab tsib feeb nws yuav qhia tias koj cev xeeb tub los tsis yog.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov qhabnias xeem tau qee zaum tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum tus poj niam ua nws ntxov dhau, noj tshuaj tshwj xeeb, lossis haus dej ntau dhau ua ntej kev kawm. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem qhia koj paub tseeb tias koj cev xeeb tub lossis tsis yog.

Nyob ntsuas zis rau me nyuam

Cov kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj zis rau tus menyuam vim ntau yam. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txawv hauv kev tsom xam dav dav ntawm cov zis lossis kev tswj hwm tus kab mob uas twb tau kuaj pom lawm.

Xav txog yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj zis hauvme nyuam:

  • General (klinical) kuaj zis.
  • Nechiporenko test.
  • Kev tshuaj xyuas raws li Zimnitsky.
  • Diagnostics raws li Kakovsky-Addis.
  • Ambourge method.
  • Sulkovich test.
  • kab lis kev cai ntawm cov zis.
  • Rehberg test.

Nyob kuaj zis thaum cev xeeb tub

Txij thaum tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tau sau npe nrog gynecologist, nws yuav raug qhia kom kuaj zis dav dav thoob plaws lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Yog tias pom muaj qhov txawv txav hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom kuaj cov zis raws li Nechiporenko lossis Zimnitsky, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb bacteriological txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj kab mob.

hom urinalysis rau cov kab mob
hom urinalysis rau cov kab mob

Kev tswj hwm zoo li no yuav pab tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ntsuas qhov mob ntawm lub zais zis, txiav txim siab kab mob raum, qhov pom ntawm ntshav qab zib thiab gestational diabetes, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub lim tiam nees nkaum ntawm cev xeeb tub. Cov qib protein ntau yuav qhia tau tias mob ntawm cov zis. Kev nce qib ntawm ketones qhia tias tus poj niam lub cev qhuav dej. Nws tsis pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub los kuaj cov zis ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txhua yam yuav tsum tau tham nrog tus kws kho mob.

Zoo kawg

Summming, peb tuaj yeem xaus lus:

  • urinalysis, hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau yog txawv kiag li, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li tus kws kho mob pom zoo;
  • qee qhov kev sim koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej, xws li kev sim sai thiab kuaj cev xeeb tub;
  • lwm hom kev kuaj mob tsuas yog ua tiav hauvcov chaw kuaj mob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov txawv txav;
  • kom txo tau cov kab mob uas kis tau koj cov zis, tswj kev nyiam huv.

Pom zoo: