Kev phais xov: npe, tuab, qhov ntev

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev phais xov: npe, tuab, qhov ntev
Kev phais xov: npe, tuab, qhov ntev

Video: Kev phais xov: npe, tuab, qhov ntev

Video: Kev phais xov: npe, tuab, qhov ntev
Video: Hlwv dej hauv tsev me nyuam 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Txhua tus neeg nruab nrab ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov hauv nws lub neej tsawg kawg ib zaug ntsib nrog qhov mob hnyav lossis ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, qhov kev puas tsuaj yog sewn los ntawm kws kho mob kom ceev cov txheej txheem kho. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov xov phais thiab cov xov tsis tu ncua?

Thaum xav tau stitches

Kev txiav tob tob thiab qhov txhab, phais plab, lwm yam kev raug mob - feem ntau cov neeg nyob hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov tau ntsib nrog qhov tseeb tias lawv cov ntaub so ntswg yuav tsum tau xaws ua ke kom zoo dua thiab kho sai dua. Tau ntev, qhov teeb meem no, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj loog zoo, yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev phais.

Los ntawm keeb kwm muaj ntau lub sijhawm nce thiab poob ntawm qhov kev qhuab qhia no. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, kev phais tau ntsib ib tug unprecedented txoj kev loj hlob, txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv gladiatorial muaj ib tug kws kho mob uas kho cov qhov txhab ntawm fighters tom qab ua tsis tau tejyam. Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, tshuaj tag nrho poob rau hauv kev tsis txaus siab, thiab tag nrho cov kev paub txog yav dhau los raug tsis nco qab, tsuas yog rov qab los hauv Renaissance thiab Niaj Hnub No.

phais xov
phais xov

Tseem xav tau qhov txhab kho qhov txhab tsis tau ploj mus, vim thoob plawsHauv tib neeg keeb kwm, kev ua tsov ua rog tau tawm tsam tas li, thiab txawm tias nyob hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, txoj kev phais tsis muaj menyuam cawm tau ntau tus neeg txoj sia. Nws tuaj txog li cas?

History

Kev tshawb fawb muaj ntau qhov pov thawj tias thawj cov haujlwm, suav nrog cov haujlwm nyuaj, tau ua tiav ntev ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev paub tob ntawm tib neeg lub cev.

Thawj cov ntaub ntawv siv cov khoom siv suture tau tshwm sim xyoo 2000 BC. Kev siv cov xov thiab koob hauv kev kho qhov txhab tau piav qhia hauv Suav kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, daim tawv nqaij tau sewn ua ke nrog horsehair, tsiaj tendons, paj rwb fibers, ntoo thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv 175 BC, Galen thawj zaug hais txog catgut, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tseem xyaum ua tib yam khoom siv suture. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1924, cov khoom siv tau tsim los tom qab hu ua nylon. Nws suav hais tias yog thawj cov xov hluavtaws tsim nyog rau suturing qhov txhab. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lavsan thiab capron tshwm sim, uas yuav luag tam sim ntawd pib siv rau hauv kev phais. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, polypropylene tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 70s, dag absorbable fibers.

surgical thread npe
surgical thread npe

Tib lub sijhawm uas cov xov phais hloov pauv, cov koob kuj tau hloov pauv hloov pauv. Yog tias ua ntej lawv tsis txawv ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov tib neeg, tau rov siv tau thiab cov ntaub so ntswg raug mob los ntawm lawv tus kheej, tom qab ntawd lawv tau txais cov duab nkhaus niaj hnub, ua thinner thiab smoother. Cov koob uas niaj hnub siv pov tsegatraumatic, ntawm lawv qhov chaw micro-roughness yog ntim nrog silicone.

Cov khoom siv niaj hnub suture

Nyob rau xyoo pua 21st kev phais, cov xov ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab cov khoom siv. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws. Kuj tseem muaj cov uas, qee lub sijhawm tom qab kev ua haujlwm, yaj ntawm lawv tus kheej thaum qhov kev xav tau rau lawv ploj mus. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov ntaub so ntswg sab hauv feem ntau sewn ua ke, thaum cov ntaub so ntswg zoo tib yam tuaj yeem siv rau sab nraud, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab. Qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg txog qhov no yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob, nyob ntawm ntau yam, qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov txhab thiab qhov mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws kuj ntsuas qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov xov phais, xaiv qhov tuab tsim nyog los txhawb cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sis tsis ua rau lawv raug mob ib zaug ntxiv.

qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev phais threads
qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev phais threads

Requirements

Muaj ntau yam khoom uas niaj hnub phais xov yuav tsum muaj. Cov kev cai no rau cov khoom siv suture tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1965. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem cuam tshuam hnub no:

  • kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam;
  • hypoallergenic;
  • nqi qis;
  • inertia;
  • zog;
  • tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • absorbable;
  • versatility rau tag nrho cov ntaub;
  • plasticity, xis nyob hauv tes, tsis muaj xov nco;
  • tsis muaj hluav taws xob ua haujlwm;
  • node kev ntseeg.

Niaj hnub nimno ntuj thiab hluavtaws sutures ua tau raws li feem ntau ntawm cov kev cai no hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov. Feem ntau, nrog kev ua kom raug, txawm tias feem ntauqhov mob loj tuaj yeem kho tau. Thiab ua tsaug rau qhov no, kev phais tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau theem niaj hnub no, thaum ob qho kev ua haujlwm me me thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj nrog cov kabmob tseem ceeb xws li lub plawv thiab lub hlwb tau ua tiav, thiab feem ntau cov neeg mob rov zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv.

sterile phais xov
sterile phais xov

Thickness

Tau kawg, tau ntau txhiab xyoo, txoj xov phais tau hloov pauv loj thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov kws kho mob yuam kom siv thaum ntawd.

Hnub no, cov kws kho mob muaj ntau lub arsenal ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv suture haum rau ntau yam ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Qhov kev nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws rau tus neeg ua haujlwm yog lub thickness ntawm cov xov phais. Lub zog thiab traumatism ntawm seam thiab, raws li, lub sij hawm ntawm lub qhov txhab zoo nyob ntawm nws.

Muaj txog ob lub kaum xov uas txawv ntawm qhov tuab xwb. Ntxiv mus, cov nqi sib txawv ntawm 0.01 txog 0.9 millimeters. Yog li, thawj zaug ntawm cov xov no yog li 8 npaug ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau!

absorbable phais sutures
absorbable phais sutures

Ntau yam

Thaum pib, ob hom khoom siv suture yog qhov txawv:

  • monofilament phais suture;
  • multifilament, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav twisted los yog braided.

Txhua hom no muaj nws qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo thiab nta. Yog li, monofilament muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:

  1. Smoothness. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qauv, hom no yog tsawg traumatic, uas zamlos ntshav ntau.
  2. Yooj yim los tswj. Monofilament feem ntau siv rau intradermal sutures vim nws tsis ua raws li cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tuaj yeem tshem tau yooj yim yog tias tsim nyog.
  3. No wick effect. Qhov tshwm sim no nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum cov fibers tsis haum nruj rau ib leeg, microvoids yog tsim los ntawm lawv, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub qhov txhab, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob. Nrog monofilament, tsis muaj qhov txaus ntshai.
  4. Inertia. Ib txoj xov fiber ntau tsis ua rau tawv nqaij thiab tsis tshua ua rau mob qhov txhab.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv monofilament suture muaj ib qho teeb meem loj. Tsawg zog. Cov kev cai rau cov xov niaj hnub yog xws li tias yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov pob caus - lawv irritate cov ntaub so ntswg thiab qeeb kho. Txij li thaum monofilament muaj ib tug smoother nto, nws tsis tuav complex designs zoo heev. Thaum siv cov khoom siv no, yuav tsum siv cov pob qij txha ntau dua txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tuav zoo dua.

txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov xov, lawv tau coated nrog ntau lub tebchaw los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob, ua kom smoothness thiab biocompatibility. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov fibers tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim los tas li, yog li kev phais tsis nyob twj ywm.

Catguts thiab cellulose khoom

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, txoj xov phais, uas nws lub npe los ntawm kab lus nyuj plab, yog thawj zaug. Niaj hnub no, thev naus laus zis ntawm nws cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua li ua ntej, muaj cov khoom siv chromium-plated suture,nce lub zog thiab lub sij hawm resorption.

Qhov no tseem yog ib hom xov uas nrov heev, txawm hais tias nws siv qee kis yog tantamount rau kev hloov hauv nruab nrog cev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, catgut yog qhov zoo yog tias xav tau lub plooj luv luv, vim tias tom qab 10 hnub nws tuaj yeem yaj los ntawm ib nrab, thiab tom qab 2 lub hlis nws tawg tag, ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj.

Synthetic phais sutures
Synthetic phais sutures

Polyfilaments hu ua occelon thiab kacelon yog tsim los ntawm cellulose fibers. Lawv kuj muaj lub sij hawm luv luv resorption, uas ua rau lawv indispensable nyob rau hauv urology, yas thiab me nyuam mos phais. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv muaj qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - lawv tsis raug lees paub los ntawm lub cev raws li cov ntaub so ntswg txawv teb chaws.

Lwm yam nqus tau

Lwm cov sutures muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav dav, thoracic thiab oncosurgery. Polydiaxanone yuav siv sij hawm ntev tshaj plaws kom yaj - nws yuav siv sij hawm 6-7 lub hlis kom nws ploj tag.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog tias lawv txhawb kev kho mob sai thiab huv si, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem thiab mob. Tias yog vim li cas catgut tau maj mam tso tseg, nrhiav kev nyab xeeb dua analogues.

thickness ntawm phais threads
thickness ntawm phais threads

Nylon Nylon Nylon

Ob hom no yog phais sutures, conditionally absorbable. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo rau lawv kom tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Silk tau ntev tau suav tias yog tus qauv kub,versatility nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws cov fibers yog cov hauv paus chiv keeb, cov seams nrog nws siv feem ntau ua rau mob thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws yog elastic heev, ruaj thiab mos, uas tau txais nws txoj kev hlub ntawm cov kws phais.

Nylon xov kuj feem ntau ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau siv rau cov leeg pob txha thiab hauv ophthalmology.

Non-absorbable

Cov xov phais phais, uas tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm manually, kuj txawv ntawm ntau yam txaus. Qee tus ntawm lawv muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev, tab sis yog cov reactogenic. Lwm tus yog inert thiab nyab xeeb, tab sis tsis yooj yim rau siv thiab muaj zog me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv tau siv dav hauv ob qho tib si dav dav thiab kev phais tshwj xeeb.

Cov pab pawg hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  • Y Polyolefins - prolene, polypropylene. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias xws li stitches yuav luag tsis fester, qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv tawm ntau yam xav tau, thiab koj kuj yuav tsum tau khi ntau pob.
  • Polyesters - nylon thiab lavsan. Feem ntau yog siv los txhawb nqa cov ntaub so ntswg thiab hauv kev ua haujlwm endoscopic.
  • Fluoropolymers. Cov pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws - muaj cov khoom tuav zoo thiab muaj zog txaus. Tsis tas yuav muaj ntau cov nodes.

Steel thiab titanium

Nws yuav zoo li txawv txawv, tab sis cov hlau tseem siv rau hauv kev phais hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob lub xov-xaim thiab cov staple rau ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ib qho teeb meem loj yog raug mob rau cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum hauv orthopedics thiab phais pob txha, tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem hloov tau hlau.

Yog li, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv suture. Lawv tau siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov xov phais raug xaiv thaum kawg. Lub npe, ntawm chav kawm, tsis ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm no, tab sis tus kws kho mob ib txwm siv ntau yam hauv tus account thaum txiav txim siab qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj rau tus neeg mob.

Pom zoo: